Corporate social responsibility : specificity, formation mechanism, estimation of management efficiency

The analysis of ways and methods for increase of efficiency of role of the business in economy stabilization, environment protection, improvement of population's life quality, and therefore social responsibility of business is a topical problem which solving has both theoretical and practical value. Research objective is development of theoretical propositions and methodical and practical recommendations for estimation of efficiency of enterprise restructuring on the basis of holistic marketing and degree of its social responsibility. Research tasks: clarification of definition and specificity of “business social responsibility” concept, development of the methodical approach to estimation of its condition, modelling of integral indicator of its development, clusterization of industrial enterprises on its basis. Methodology: The method of hierarchies’ analysis is a proved tool for solving of multi-criteria problems with hierarchical structures including complex system of factors affecting selection of solution for improvement of image of domestic enterprises. Results: Theoretical analysis of evolution of researches of corporate social responsibility was carried out; the essence of social responsibility concept of the Russian enterprise, its restructuring on the basis of holistic marketing, specificity of formation proceeding from analysis of its essence in foreign and domestic economic science were specified; - internal and external factors influencing development of corporate social responsibility of the organisations were determined, algorithm of multi-criteria estimation on the basis of hierarchies' analysis method taking into account most the representative indicators characterising efficiency of efforts was developed and tested. Conclusion / importance. The authors draw the conclusion that propositions developed in the work and received results can serve as a basis for development of enterprise management strategy focused on a long-term stable development taking into account interests of various interested parties of the company.peer-reviewe

Long-term investigation of the photocatalytic hydrogen production on platinized TiO2: an isotopic study

Long-term investigations of the photocatalytic hydrogen production on platinized TiO2 photocatalysts have been carried out employing different solutions of (deuterated) water and (deuterated) methanol. The results indicate that methanol acts as a sacrificial reagent, i.e., as an “electron donor” and that the amount of evolved molecular hydrogen is equivalent to the amount of H2 expected from the complete reforming of methanol or even less depending on the used photocatalyst. No evidence for photocatalytic water splitting is observed even in the presence of very low methanol concentrations, i.e., no molecular oxygen has been detected. Based upon the isotopic labelling studies it was confirmed that H2 is mainly produced by the reduction of protons originating from water.BMBF/HyCats/01RC1012

Innovation as a Factor in Sustainable Development of Russia’s Agriculture

Sustainable agriculture is an integral aspect of the sustainable development of a socio-economic system. In this regard, innovation is considered to be one of the leading factors ensuring the development of sustainable agricultural since it increases the efficiency and competitiveness of the industry in the domestic and foreign markets. This study presents a system of recursive equations characterizing the innovations occurring within agricultural organizations in the regions of the Russian Federation. Additionally, the study assesses the sustainability of agricultural development in Russia by calculating the integrated index of five components: economic, innovative, social, ecological, and institutional. Also, the authors built a regression model that estimates the influence of innovation on the sustainability of agricultural development in Russia

O terminu ‘Jōmon’ in prispevku ruskih znanstvenikov k študijam kulture Jōmon

The article is devoted to the introduction of the term ‘Jōmon’ into Russian archaeological literature, its understanding, and the contribution of Russian scholars to Jōmon studies starting from the late 20th century. The recognition of the term and its use had some peculiarities which were caused not only by the language barrier and political events in the far eastern region, but mostly by the specifics of the archaeological investigations in the Russian Far East and the priority of research focused first on the Ainu origin, and then on the Palaeolithic rather on the nature of the Neolithic. The rise of the interest in Jōmon grew in the late 1960s and early 1970s with the discoveries of initial pottery with Final Pleistocene dates in Japan and Russia (Lower and Middle Amur Region). During the 1980s and 1990s this trend was realized in a series of publications, international conferences, and the first joint Russian-Japanese archaeological projects. The current stage is illustrated by the institualization of several research centres of Jōmon studies in Russia (Novosibirsk, Vladivostok), by a high level of international cooperation, and by a wide range of research topics, including chronological, technological, ritual and other aspects of the Jōmon period.Članek je posvečen vpeljavi in razumevanju termina ‘Jōmon’ v ruski arheološki literaturi ter prispevku ruskih znanstvenikov k študijam te kulture od konca 20. stoletja. Prepoznavanje tega strokovnega izraza in njegove uporabe je imelo nekaj posebnosti, ki so jih povzročile tako jezikovne pregrade kot politični dogodki na območju Daljnega vzhoda, predvsem pa posebnosti arheoloških raziskav na ruskem Daljnem vzhodu in prioritete raziskav, ki so se usmerile predvsem v izvor ljudstva Ainu ter v paleolitske študije in manj v naravo neolitika. Interes za Jōmon se je povečal šele ob koncu 60. in v zgodnjih 70. letih prejšnjega stoletja z odkritjem najstarejše lončenine iz obdobja finalnega pleistocena na Japonskem in v Rusiji (spodnja in srednja regija Amur). V 80. in 90. letih prejšnjega stoletja se je ta interes pokazal v seriji publikacij, mednarodnih srečanj in v prvih združenih rusko-japonskih arheoloških projektih. Sedanjo stopnjo razvoja pa ponazarja ve≠ raziskovalnih središč posvečenih študijam kulture Jōmon v Rusiji (Novosibirsk, Vladivostok), pa tudi višji nivo mednarodnih sodelovanj in širši razpon raziskovalnih tem, ki vključujejo kronologijo, tehnologijo, rituale in druge vidike obdobja kulture Jōmon

Tendências atuais no estado e regulação legal do componente religioso na educação

The article presents the results of modern model comparative legal analysis concerning state and legal regulation of the religious component in education within the context of state and municipal educational organization profile activity. The conceptual features of such regulation optimal model are determined, claiming the status of universal ones; their uniform consolidation in the special educational legislation of modern secular states is justified.El artículo presenta los resultados del análisis jurídico comparativo del modelo moderno sobre la regulación estatal y legal del componente religioso en la educación dentro del contexto de la actividad de perfil de la organización educativa estatal y municipal. Se determinan las características conceptuales de dicho modelo de regulación óptima, reclamando el estado de los universales; su consolidación uniforme en la legislación educativa especial de los estados seculares modernos está justificada.O artigo apresenta os resultados do modelo moderno de análise comparativa da legislação estadual e jurídica sobre o componente religioso na educação no contexto da atividade de perfil das organizações educacionais estaduais e municipais. As características conceituais desse modelo ótimo de regulação são determinadas, reivindicando o status das universais; sua consolidação uniforme na legislação educacional especial dos estados seculares modernos é justificada

Geological-hydrogeochemical characteristics of a "silver spring" water source (the Lozovy ridge)

Geological and hydrogeological characteristics of the Lozovy ridge (Southern Primorye) are studied, as far as karst phenomena are widely distributed within its boundaries. Water-bearing rocks of the karst water source "Silver Spring" ("Serebryany Klyuch"), which is located near the bottom of the "Bear's fang" ("Medvezhiy klyk") cave, are investigated. It is found that karst rocks are presented by calcite (CaCO[3]), and an accessory mineral is barite (BaSO[4]). It is determined that among the trace elements forming the composition of carbonate water-bearing rocks the maximum concentrations are typical for Sr, Ba, Fe, Al, Za, Mn, Cu, and Ni. Also, the chemical composition of the waters taken from the "Silver Spring" water source is studied. These waters are fresh, hydrocarbonate, calcium, and weakly alkaline. Among the elements of the spring, such elements as Sr, Ba, Fe, Al, Zn, Mn, Cu, and Ni have the maximum concentration. The other elements have concentrations less than 1 [mu]g/l

The optimality of the option of abolishing serfdom in Russia, implemented in 1861

The article discusses the controversial issues related to the abolition of serfdom in Russia in 1861: its causes, features of preparation and implementation. The authors focus on the question of whether the implemented version of the abolition of serfdom in Russia was optimal. For this purpose, a comparative analysis of the abolition of serfdom in Russia is carried out with similar reforms in European countries, which could serve as a reference point, primarily in Austria and Prussia. It is concluded that the peasant reform in Russia in 1861 (in the final version) was carried out primarily in the interests of the state and not of individual social groups (landowners and peasants). It is the state that has benefited most from the implementation of this particular version of the reform, both financially and politically. Among the losers there were both peasants (to a greater extent) and landowners (to a lesser extent). The main thing was that the reform provoked the problem of the lack of land of the majority of peasants, which in the future became one of the main reasons for the social explosion and revolutions at the beginning of the XX century

Transformation of the concept of "power" as a basic cultural value in the media discourse of modern times in metagraphic representation

The relevance is due to the fact that new geopolitical realities cause the transformation of basic concepts, which include the concept of "power", which has an internal conflict of content, where there is power as self-possession and power as the management of others. At the same time, the concept of "power" itself is built in various linguistic and philosophical coordinate systems. The research is based on an ethnic-psycholinguistic scientific paradigm, within which the concept of "power" is analyzed from the point of view of structure and semantics as a separate element of linguistic consciousness, actively represented in the speech activity of representatives of various linguistic cultures (Kazakh, Russian, Anglo-American, Chinese). The appeal to this concept is predetermined by the acuteness of the experience of the problem of power itself as a constantly evolving socio-political institution. The aim of the study is to model the concept of "power" in the modern linguistic consciousness of modern times with the establishment of its structural and content specificity. The complexity of the claimed topic is predetermined by the initial ambiguity of power as a social phenomenon, which includes a binary of oppositions: "I" individual and "We" collective, the ability to control oneself and the ability to control others, legitimate power and illegitimate power, ethical power due to respect and authority and the power of oppression and pressure due to fear. The metagraph of the complex socio-political basic value "power" perfectly illustrates the representation of this complex concept, demonstrating qualitative transformations in the structure of the meaning of this concept at different levels of lexico-semantic, neurasthenic and symbolic-semiological hierarchy

Cortisol and DHEAS Related to Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Schizophrenia

Background: Both dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEAS) and cortisol are secreted by the adrenal glands and may modulate metabolic syndrome (MetS), which often affects the health of patients with schizophrenia. The relationship between the serum levels of these hormones and MetS has not been established. Purpose: In this pilot study, we investigated the serum levels in schizophrenia patients with and without MetS and compared them with those in healthy volunteers. Patients and Methods: After obtaining informed consent, 110 patients with acute paranoid schizophrenia were recruited directly after admission to the Mental Health Research Institute. The control group consisted of 51 persons reported on questioning to be mentally and somatically healthy. Blood samples to prepare serum were drawn after an 8-h overnight fast during one of the first days of admission. Serum cortisol and DHEAS concentrations were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: A total of 42 patients had MetS and 68 patients were without MetS. The cortisol blood level was significantly (p = 0.012) higher in schizophrenia patients without MetS in comparison to healthy controls, while patients with schizophrenia and a MetS have significantly (p = 0.014) lower DHEAS levels than healthy volunteers. These differences could, however, exclusively be attributed to female participants. Analysis of covariance adjusted for gender and age demon-strated a significant relationship between age and DHEAS levels (F = 9.512, р =0.003). Conclusion: Lower DHEAS serum levels in relationship to MetS become evident in women, but not in men, and have age differences as a confounding factor