79 research outputs found
Characterization of Xenopus Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases-2: A Role in Regulating Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity during Development
Frog metamorphosis is totally dependent on thyroid hormone (T3) and mimics the postembryonic period around birth in mammals. It is an excellent model to study the molecular basis of postembryonic development in vertebrate. We and others have shown that many, if not all, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which cleave proteins of the extracellular matrix as well as other substrates, are induced by T3 and important for metamorphosis. MMP activity can be inhibited by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMPs). There are 4 TIMPs in vertebrates and their roles in postembryonic development are poorly studied.We analyzed the TIMP2 genes in Xenopus laevis and the highly related species Xenopus tropicalis and discovered that TIMP2 is a single copy gene in Xenopus tropicalis as in mammals but is duplicated in Xenopus laevis. Furthermore, the TIMP2 locus in Xenopus tropicalis genome is different from that in human, suggesting an evolutionary reorganization of the locus. More importantly, we found that the duplicated TIMP2 genes were similarly regulated in the developing limb, remodeling intestine, resorbing tail during metamorphosis. Unexpectedly, like its MMP target genes, the TIMP2 genes were upregulated by T3 during both natural and T3-induced metamorphosis.Our results indicate that TIMP2 is highly conserved among vertebrates and that the TIMP2 locus underwent a chromosomal reorganization during evolution. Furthermore, the unexpected upregulation of TIMP2 genes during metamorphosis suggests that proper balance of MMP activity is important for metamorphosis
Methylome profiling reveals functions and genes which are differentially methylated in serrated compared to conventional colorectal carcinoma
Thyroid Hormone-Regulated Wnt5a/Ror2 Signaling Is Essential for Dedifferentiation of Larval Epithelial Cells into Adult Stem Cells in the Xenopus laevis Intestine
Inductive action of epithelium on differentiation of intestinal connective tissue of Xenopus laevis tadpoles during metamorphosis in vitro
Pairing morphology with gene expression in thyroid hormone-induced intestinal remodeling and identification of a core set of TH-induced genes across tadpole tissues
Demonstration of sucrase immunoreactivity of the brush border induced by duodenal mesenchyme in chick stomach endoderm
Chronological analysis of the intestinalization of chick stomach endoderm induced in vitro by duodenal mesenchyme
Cell-specific and spatio-temporal expression of intestinal fatty acid-binding protein gene during amphibian metamorphosis
Molecular and cytological analyses reveal distinct transformations of intestinal epithelial cells during Xenopus metamorphosis
Metamorphosis-associated and region-specific expression of calbindin gene in the posterior intestinal epithelium of Xenopus laevis larva
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