Peran Ayah terhadap Status Gizi Anak Balita

This research aims to determine the influence of the father's role in fulfilling the nutritional status of children. The method used is a systematic review based on guidelines from Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA), which includes e-resources from Science Direct, Scopus, Clinical Key Nursing, Sage Journal, Embase, Proquest from 2012 - 2022. The article included in this systematic review was based on the Population Intervention Comparison Outcome Study (PICOS) with a design for (P) all children aged 0-5 years, (I) the role of the father, (C) There was no comparative intervention, and (O) the child's nutritional status Good. The research results showed that eight articles were reviewed and that father involvement could improve children's nutritional status. In conclusion, the father's role in child care influences the child's nutritional status.   Keywords: Children, Nutrition, Father's Rol

INDONESIA PASCA RATIFIKASI PERJANJIAN PARIS 2015; ANTARA KOMITMEN DAN REALITAS

Sebagai bentuk komitmen terhadap persoalan perubahan iklim, Pemerintah Indonesia telah meratifikasi Perjanjian Paris 2015 melalui UU No. 16 Tahun 2016. Akan tetapi komitmen kontribusi pengurangan emisi GRK tersebut memiliki persoalan dalam pelaksanaannya. Atas dasar itu, artikel ini membahas isi dari Perjanjian Paris 2015 dan implikasinya, komitmen Indonesia serta kendala dalam pencapaian target emisinya. Penekanan utama akan difokuskan pada dua persoalan, yaitu kehutanan dan energi. 2 (dua) persoalan ini merupakan hambatan terbesar dalam memenuhi target komitmen Indonesia. Spesifikasi penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analitis dengan data utama berupa data sekunder (bahan-bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier) yang dianalisis secara kualitatif. Berdasarkan diskusi dan pembahasan disimpulkan bahwa peraturan terkait perubahan iklim di Indonesia dinilai belum mampu melakukan transformasi secara substansial upaya pengurangan emisi GRK seperti yang diharapkan. Persoalan efektifitas khususnya penegakan hukum masih menjadi persoalan utama, bahkan beberapa kebijakan pemerintah memuat aturan yang bersifat kontradiktif dengan komitmen yang dicanangkan. Oleh karenanya, disarankan perlunya efektifitas aturan, penegakan hukum serta penyelarasan komitmen dengan kebijakan energi yang dijalankan

A Novel Adhesion Molecule in the Murine Thymic Microenvironment: Functional and Biochemical Analysis

The rat monoclonal antibody (mAb) 4F1, raised against mouse thymic stromal cells, recognizes cortical epithelium in tissue sections of mouse thymus; however, in flow cytometry, activated leucocytes (T cells, B cells, and macrophages) and transformed thymocytes are also positive for the 4F1-antigen (4F1-Ag). Western blotting, under both reducing and nonreducing conditions, demonstrates that the molecule to which 4F1 binds is expressed in four forms, 29, 32, 40, and 43 kD, all of which carry N-linked carbohydrate; and that the structure is identical on epithelium and lymphocytes. The 4F1-Ag on cortical epithelium is partially sensitive to PI-PLC treatment, whereas on transformed epithelial and lymphoid cell lines, it was resistant to this enzyme. The molecule, therefore, may exist in both transmembrane and phosphoinositol-linked forms. In functional blocking experiments, mAb 4F1 gave inhibition of both T-cell proliferation in MLR and of cytotoxic T-cell killing of alloantigenic targets; it also blocked adhesion of transformed thymocytes to thymic epithelial cells in vitro. These molecular and functional characteristics suggest that the 4F1-Ag is a novel adhesion molecule that may be involved both in intrathymic T lymphocyte differentiation and in peripheral T-cell function

CCR5 antagonism impacts vaccination response and immune profile in HIV-1 infection.

Maraviroc (MVC) is the first licensed antiretroviral therapeutic agent to target a host cell surface molecule, and successful HIV-1 entry blockade by this C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5)-antagonist potentiates immunomodulation. We hypothesized that MVC intensification impacts immunization responses, T-cell phenotype, function and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) in HIV-1+ subjects. A 24-wk, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study of the addition of MVC to suppressive antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1+ persons was performed. Subjects received DTH tests, intramuscular tetanus, meningococcal and oral cholera immunizations. Antibody titers, T-cell function and phenotype were assessed. Of 157 patients referred, 47 were randomized 1:1; MVC:placebo. MVC enhanced meningococcal neo-immunization, blunted cholera response and expedited lymphoproliferation to tetanus boost, without affecting recall humoral response. Anti-HIV-1 group-specific antigen (Gag) and tetanus toxoid (TTox) function improved significantly, HIV-1-associated CD8 T-cell skewing normalized, and the percentage of late-stage and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expressing CD4 T-cells increased. Activated CD4+ CD38+ human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR+ T-cells declined, and costimulation shifted to coinhibition. DTH was unchanged. Maraviroc intensification, through antagonism of the cell surface molecule CCR5, favorably influences immune profiles of HIV-1+ patients, supporting its immunomodulatory use in HIV-1 infection and potentially in other immunologically relevant settings

Mycobacterial immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV-1 infection after antiretroviral therapy is associated with deregulated specific T-cell responses: Beneficial effect of IL-2 and GM-CSF immunotherapy

BACKGROUND: With the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART) cases of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) have increasingly been reported. IRIS usually occurs in individuals with a rapidly rising CD4 T-cell count or percentage upon initiation of ART, who develop a deregulated immune response to infection with or without reactivation of opportunistic organisms. Here, we evaluated rises in absolute CD4 T-cells, and specific CD4 T-cell responses in 4 HIV-1(+ )individuals presenting with mycobacterial associated IRIS who received in conjunction with ART, IL-2 plus GM-CSF immunotherapy. METHODS: We assessed CD4 T-cell counts, HIV-1 RNA loads, phenotype for naïve and activation markers, and in vitro proliferative responses. Results were compared with those observed in 11 matched, successfully treated asymptomatic clinical progressors (CP) with no evidence of opportunistic infections, and uninfected controls. RESULTS: Median CD4 T-cell counts in IRIS patients rose from 22 cells/μl before initiation of ART, to 70 cells/μl after 8 months of therapy (median 6.5 fold increase). This coincided with IRIS diagnosis, lower levels of naïve CD4 T-cells, increased expression of immune activation markers, and weak CD4 T-cell responses. In contrast, CP had a median CD4 T-cell counts of 76 cells/μl at baseline, which rose to 249 cells/μl 6 months post ART, when strong T-cell responses were seen in > 80% of patients. Higher levels of expression of immune activation markers were seen in IRIS patients compared to CP and UC (IRIS > CP > UC). Immunotherapy with IL-2 and GM-CSF paralleled clinical recovery. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that mycobacterial IRIS is associated with inadequate immune reconstitution rather than vigorous specific T-cell responses, and concomitant administration of IL-2 and GM-CSF immunotherapy with effective ART may correct/augment T-cell immunity in such setting resulting in clinical benefit

Unhealthy lifestyles and ischaemic electrocardiographic abnormalities: the Persian Gulf Healthy Heart Study

We assessed prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and unhealthy lifestyles in 3723 participants aged ≥ 25 years in the northern Persian Gulf region; 96.0% had ≥ 1 cardiovascular risk factor. Over 60% had unhealthy body weight, only 8.3% ate the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables, 70.6% were physically inactive and 19.0% were current smokers. Prevalence of electrocardiogram (ECG) with evidence of IHD was 12.7%. Present or past smoking and truncal obesity were independently associated with IHD ECGs in men, and past or present smoking and obesity in women. Hypertension and diabetes were independently associated with increased risk of IHD EC

Effects of recombinant human growth hormone on HIV-1-specific T-cell responses, thymic output and proviral DNA in patients on HAART: 48-week follow-up

Background: Efficacious immune-based therapy in treated chronic HIV-1 infection requires the induction of virus-specific CD4+ T cells and subsequent maturation and maintenance of specific memory CD8+ T cells. Concomitant daily administration of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was used in chronically infected patients with lipodystrophy in an attempt to reconstitute these virus-specific T-cell responses. Methods: Individuals with chronic HIV-1 infection on HAART were enrolled on a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study to receive rhGH therapy. We assessed HIV-1-specific proliferative CD4+ and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)-producing CD8+ T-cell responses, quantified thymic output and proviral HIV-1 DNA at the following time points: baseline; after 12 weeks of rhGH therapy; at 24 weeks, after randomization into three groups [placebo weeks 12-24 (Group A), alternate-day dosing weeks 12-24 (Group B), and twice-per-week dosing weeks 12-24 (Group C)]; and at 48 weeks after all patients had received HAART alone for the final 24 weeks. Results: We found significant increases in both proliferative CD4+ and IFN-γ-producing CD8+ HIV-1-specific T-cell responses after daily administration of rhGH. This increase was focused on HIV-1 Gag-specific T-cell responses. Following subsequent randomisation into different dosing regimens, HIV-1-specific proliferative CD4+ T-cell responses declined in patients receiving less frequent dosing of rhGH, while virus-specific IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T-cell responses were maintained for longer periods of time. There was no significant change in thymic output and the cell-associated HIV-1 DNA remained stable in most patients. An increased anti-HIV-1 Nef-specific CD4+ T-cell proliferative response was correlated to a decrease in proviral load, and an increased HIV-1 Gag-specific IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T-cell response correlated with an increase in proviral load. Conclusion: The implication of these data is that daily dosing of rhGH with HAART, in addition to improving HIV-1-associated lipodystrophy, may reverse some of the T-lymphocyte dysfunction seen in most treated HIV-1-positive patients, in a dose-dependent manner. Such immune-based therapeutic strategies used in treated, chronic HIV-1 infection may enable the induction of virus-specific CD4+ T cells essential for the subsequent kick-start and expansion of virus-specific CD8+ T cells. © 2008 Herasimtschuk et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd

KEBIJAKSANAAN TENTANG PERUBAHAN IKLIM DI JAWA BARAT DALAM PEMBANGUNAN BERKELANJUTAN

Pemanasan global dan perubahan iklim di dunia mengakibatkan penurunan kualitas lingkungan. Otonomi daerah memberikan pula peluang dan tantangan dalam pelaksanaan upaya penanggulangan perubahan iklim. Komitmen pemerintah untuk menurunkan emisi gas rumah kaca dalam rangka perubahan iklim memerlukan kerjasama dan peran daerah (kabupaten/kota). Dalam implementasi permasalahan tersebut, kebijaksanaan daerah melalui perencanaan pembangunan memiliki peranan yang penting dalam upaya penanggulangan sumber-sumber perubahan iklim termasuk Provinsi Jawa Barat dalam kerangka negara kesatuan untuk menjamin pembangunan berkelanjutan bagi kepentingan generasi masa kini dan kepentingan generasi yang akan datang. Penelitian ini bersifat Deskriptif Analitis. Diawali dengan mendeskripsikan berbagai permasalahan perubahan iklim dan kalitannya dengan hukum lingkungan, dan kemudian menganalisinya secara sistematis. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi pustaka dan studi lapangan untuk mendapatkan data primer dan sekunder. Kebijaksanaan Provinsi Jawa Barat Berkenaan Dengan Permasalahan Perubahan Iklim sangat bergantung pada rumusan kebijaksanaan daerah (kabupaten/kota), mengingat sumber-sumber penyebab perubahan iklim dari berbagai sektor baik sebagian maupun seluruhnya menjadi urusan dan wewenang daerah, sehingga peranan daerah melalui kepala daerah maupun implementasinya dalam peraturan daerah menjadi sangat penting dalam memenuhi komitmen provinsi dan pemerintah pusat dalam upaya penangulangan perubahan iklim global. Permasalahan Perubahan Iklim Di Jawa Barat sangat bergantung kepada pelaksanaan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan, hal ini sangat ditentukan melalui Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Panjang Daerah dan penempatannya dlaam Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Daerah, Visi Misi daerah sebagai wujud kebijaksanaan pemerintah atau kepala daerah memengang peranan yang penting untuk mewujudkan pembangunan yang mendukung penanggulangan perubahan iklim untuk menjamin kepentingan generasi masa kini dan generasi yang akan datang Kata Kunci : Perubahan Iklim, , Hukum Lingkungan, Kebijaksanaan, Pembangunan Berkelanjuta