269 research outputs found
Fullerene van der waals Oligomers as electron traps
Density functional theory calculations indicate that van der Waals fullerene dimers and larger oligomers can form interstitial electron traps in which the electrons are even more strongly bound than in isolated fullerene radical anions. The fullerenes behave like super atoms , and the interstitial electron traps represent one-electron intermolecular Ο-bonds. Spectroelectrochemical measurements on a bis-fullerene-substituted peptide provide experimental support. The proposed deep electron traps are relevant for all organic electronics applications in which non-covalently linked fullerenes in van der Waals contact with one another serve as n-type semiconductors
Innovative Production Technology of Drinks from Grape Cryopowders
A technology, based on the production of wine beverages from grape cryopowders in the mountain-valley zone of the Republic of Dagestan, is proposed. The data on the vacuum microwave drying of grape raw materials and subsequent grinding in a cryomill are presented. The modes of grape raw material preparation and its subsequent dehydration and cryo-grinding, which provide the possibility of successful use in the dried state in the production technology of wine drinks, are proposed. The principal feature is the use of whole grapes as a raw material, with rinds and seeds. The physical and chemical indicators, the content of phenolic substances and the organoleptic indicators of wine beverages made according to the traditional technology and the beverage made from grape cryopowders were studied. A comparative assessment of beverages was made. It is established that vacuum microwave drying conduces to better preservation of the properties of raw materials and finished products. The organoleptic assessment showed that the wine drinks developed according to the proposed technology had a more intense color and a more pronounced flavor of sweetness and sourness than traditional wine beverages. The advantage of this technology is the ability to transport grape cryopowders in unregulated temperature conditions to any point close to the consumer and carry out the production of wine beverages there
INFLUENCE OF ANTIBODIES AGAINST CTLA-4 AND PD-1 UPON QUANTITIES OF THEIR TARGET RECEPTORS
Inhibitory receptors CTLA-4 and PD-1 (immune checkpoints) play a key role in regulation of immune reactions. They suppress excessive immune response against pathogenic microbes and prevent autoimmune reactions. The immune checkpoints are targets of the modern effective therapy based on human and humanized monoclonal antibodies (ipilimumab and nivolumab, tremelimumab, pembrolizumab, etc). However, despite its high efficiency compared to standard chemotherapy, the therapy based on blocking immune check points is facing several problems, i.e., high therapy cost and severe negative autoimmune-related side effects. Unfortunately, this therapy helps to minority of the patients. Hence, further studies are required to improve its efficiency and safety, as well as to search for selection criteria of the patients who would benefit from the therapy. An appealing approach to reduce negative side effects from immune checkpoint inhibition is application of the blocking antibodies, aiming for ex vivo generation of patientsβ activated immune cells for cancer therapy, thus avoiding systemic drug administration. Our aim was to elucidate influence of immune checkpoint blocking antibodies on the expression of CTLA-4 and PD-1 in such an in vitro model. First of all, we have determined quantities of lymphocyte receptors in peripheral blood of healthy volunteers, or cancer patients with disseminated melanoma. Moreover, we defined effect from the addition of antibodies against immune checkpoints on proportions of cells expressing CTLA-4 and PD-1 in the population of phytohemagglutininactivated lymphocytes. Our study demonstrated that, in presence of antibodies to either of the two checkpoints during in vitro cell activation, the blockade of specific target receptor is accompanied by reduced number of cells positive for another checkpoint. Hence, the antibodies directed against PD-1 or CTLA-4 seem to suppress both negative signal cascades at once, if tested under such experimental conditions. Noteworthy, the response to blocking antibodies for different immune checkpoints varied for different donors. Our data may be used for development of effective combinations of lymphocyte activators and immune check-point inhibitors, for in vitro generation of activated lymphocytes applied for adoptive cancer therapy, as well as for prediction of possible responses to antibodies against CTLA-4 or PD-1, aiming to select the best personalized cancer immunotherapy
Mie-resonances, infrared emission and band gap of InN
Mie resonances due to scattering/absorption of light in InN containing
clusters of metallic In may have been erroneously interpreted as the infrared
band gap absorption in tens of papers. Here we show by direct thermally
detected optical absorption measurements that the true band gap of InN is
markedly wider than currently accepted 0.7 eV. Micro-cathodoluminescence
studies complemented by imaging of metallic In have shown that bright infrared
emission at 0.7-0.8 eV arises from In aggregates, and is likely associated with
surface states at the metal/InN interfaces.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, submitted to PR
Resonant light delay in GaN with ballistic and diffusive propagation
We report on a strong delay in light propagation through bulk GaN, detected
by time-of-flight spectroscopy. The delay increases resonantly as the photon
energy approaches the energy of a neutral-donor bound exciton (BX), resulting
in a velocity of light as low as 2100 km/s. In the close vicinity of the BX
resonance, the transmitted light contains both ballistic and diffusive
components. This phenomenon is quantitatively explained in terms of optical
dispersion in a medium where resonant light scattering by the BX resonance
takes place in addition to the polariton propagation.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
ΠΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ±Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ
Aim β analyze the existing systems for assessing the levels of evidence (LE-scales) and grades of recommendation (GR-scales) in the development of clinical guidelines in the Russian Federation. Materials and Methods. We analyzed the LE- and GR-scales that had been used in developing clinical guidelines up to 01.09.2017; the materials were stored in the Federal Electronic Medical Library. The study included several stages: analysis of the clinical guidelines for the presence and type of LE- and GR-scales; comparison of the LE- and GR-scales between various clinical guidelines including the internationally accepted ones; assessment of using the international scales or their combinations in the development of clinical guidelines in Russia. Results. More than 150 various LE- and GR-scales used for clinical recommendations were identified; most of them represented modifications of the international assessment systems. The original SIGN technique was found to be most commonly used. Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, we concluded that at present, there is no unified approach to the assessment of the levels of evidence and grades of recommendation in clinical guidelines developed by professional medical associations in the Russian Federation.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ β Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π² Π Π€ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ² (Π£ΠΠ) ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ±Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² (Π£Π£Π ) ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ (ΠΠ ). ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΊΠ°Π» Π£ΠΠ ΠΈ Π£Π£Π , ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΠ , ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ΅ Π½Π° 01.09.2017 Π³. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΡ: Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΠ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π»(Ρ) ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π£ΠΠ ΠΈ/ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π£Π£Π ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°; ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΊΠ°Π» ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π£ΠΠ ΠΈ/ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π£Π£Π , ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² ΠΠ , ΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ°Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π£ΠΠ ΠΈ Π£Π£Π , Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΠ ; ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠ°Π» ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π£ΠΠ ΠΈ/ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π£Π£Π ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΠ Π² Π Π€. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 150 Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠ°Π» Π£ΠΠ ΠΈ Π£Π£Π Π² ΠΠ , Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π»Π° ΠΎΡΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° SIGN. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄, ΡΡΠΎ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ±Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΠ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ
Twisted Nanotubes of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides with Split Optical Modes for Tunable Radiated Light Resonators
Synthesized micro- and nanotubes composed of transition metal dichalcogenides
(TMDCs) such as MoS are promising for many applications in nanophotonics,
because they combine the abilities to emit strong exciton luminescence and to
act as whispering gallery microcavities even at room temperature. In addition
to tubes in the form of hollow cylinders, there is an insufficiently-studied
class of twisted tubes, the flattened cross section of which rotates along the
tube axis. As shown by theoretical analysis, in such nanotubes the interaction
of electromagnetic waves excited at opposite sides of the cross section can
cause splitting of the whispering gallery modes. By studying
micro-photoluminescence spectra measured along individual MoS tubes, it has
been established that the splitting value, which controls the energies of the
split modes, depends exponentially on the aspect ratio of the cross section,
which varies in "breathing" tubes, while the relative intensity of the modes in
a pair is determined by the angle of rotation of the cross section. These
results open up the possibility of creating multifunctional tubular TMDC
nanodevices that provide resonant amplification of self-emitting light at
adjustable frequencies
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