Ovarian Follicular Dynamics during the Estrous Cycle in Jennies in Upper Egypt

The objective of the current study was to describe follicular dynamics in Egyptian Jennies throughout the estrous cycle. In this experiment, 8 estrus cycles in 8 cyclic Jennies were studied from February to June using ultrasonography. The result revealed that one follicular wave per cycle was recorded throughout the studied period. Dominant follicle (DF) was firstly detected at −0.80 ± 0.84 day in Jennies. The growth rate of DF was 2.32 ± 0.18 mm/day. Left ovulations were nonsignificantly (P = .07) more than right ovulations (55.6% versus 44.6%). The CL was firstly detected at D 2.58 ± 1.2, developed in a rate of 1.19 ± 0.07 mm/day, reached a maximum diameter of 30.77 ± 1.28 mm at D 13.0 ± 0.70, and started to regress on D 17.05 ± 0.64 with a mean regression rate of 1.75 ± 0.17 mm d−1. Results of the present study indicated that Jennies had one follicular wave per cycle. The Day of the cycle has a significant effect on the number of different classes of the ovarian follicles, but not large ones. Ultrasonographic characteristics of the preovulatory follicles could be useful to predict ovulation. CL developed and regressed in a slow rate

Follow-up of 50 children after posterior urethral valve management in Al-Azhar University Hospitals

Objective: This study was performed to assess the various clinical presentations, complications, and surgical management, as well as follow-up, of patients with posterior urethral valve (PUV).Patients and methods: This is a prospective descriptive analysis of the data of 50 patients with PUVs of different age reviewed. Serum creatinine levels, clinical examination, abdominopelvic ultrasound, and magnetic resonance urography were performed, and the diagnosis was confirmedby voiding cystourethrography. The patients were divided into two categories: primary intervention and surgical intervention.Results: A total of 50 boys with a mean age at diagnosis of 100 ±15 days were included in this work. The most common presentation in patients managed by valve ablation was difficult micturition (60%), whereas in patients managed by initial vesicostomy the most common presentation was febrile urinary tract infection (67%). Vesicoureteral reflux presented in 61.2% and hydronephrosis in 82.6%, whereas complications occurred in three (6%) children. Mortality occurred in five (10%) patients. Postoperative improvement of hydronephrosis grade in both categories is not appreciably different.Conclusion: Urinary drainage using small catheters or nasogastric tube in the early days of infancy followed by valve ablation is the best treatment modality in PUV.Keywords: children, outcome, posterior urethral valve, urinary drainage valve ablation, vesicostom

Utility of N-2-pyridyl-3-oxobutanamide in heterocyclic synthesis: Synthesis of new dihydropyridine, fused pyridine, pyridopyridine, pyridazine and pyridopyrimidinethione derivatives

2-Aminopyridine was fused with ethyl acetoacetate without solvent for two hours to yield the  N-2-pyridyl–3-oxobutanamide 1. However, when the reaction time was increased to 5 hours a structure 3 was obtained. Condensation of the structure 3 with benzaldehyde gave 4. The reaction of pyridopyridone 3 with arylidenemalononitrile7a-c afforded 4 H-pyran derivative 10a-c. In contrast to the behavior of arylidenemalononitrile 7a-c towards pyridopyridine3, benzylidenemalononitrile 7d reacted withcompound 3 to give a product 11. Compound 1 was allowed to react with arylidenemalononitrile to give the dihydropyridine derivative 17a-d. Alkylation of compound 1 with alkylating agents has been also reported. Thus, compound 1 was condensed with [DMF-DMA] in refluxing dioxane to yield 18, but under the reaction conditions we obtained only 21. The pyridopyridone 3 reacted with benzoylisothiocyanate 25a,b to give thiourea derivatives 26a,b Cyclization of 26a,b in dry dioxane and conc. sulphuric acid afforded pyridopyrimidinethione derivatives 27a,b. On the other hand, coupling of pyridopyridine 3 with the aromatic diazonium salt 28a-e afforded the corresponding azo products 29a-e. Boiling of compound 29 in aqueous solution of HCl afforded the hydrazo products 30. Treatmentof arylhydrazone 30a with malononitrile afforded the pyridazine derivatives 31

The role of Znic in alleviating B-toxicity in plants differing in their sensitivity to boron in terms of rooting response of cuttings.

The role of Znic in alleviating B-toxicity in terms of adventitious root formation (ART) in cutting of plants differing in their sensitivity to boron such as Mung bean (sensitive ) ,Cucumber (Moderately tolerant ) and Tomato (tolerant ) has been carried out . The toxic level of B  in addition ,to the promontory  conc. Of Zn-salt was determined for each of the  above spp. Three of Zn-salts were tested ( sulphate ,nitrate and chloride ) and the best promontory salt is Znic sulfate in developing the higher number. of roots in addition to the best conc. of the same salt was 15,10,15 pmm for Mung bean , Cucumber and Tomato respectively ,comparing to other Zn-salt & their concentration . The toxic levels of boron was 200,300 and 400 µg/ml for Mung bean , Cucumber and Tomato respectively . These levels reduced growth parameters in terms of  rooting response to 50% or beyond (55.16% ,50.83% and 53.49% )for Mung bean , Cucumber and Tomato compared to control in addition ,to the localized toxic symptoms like necrotic spots at leaves edges of the a above 3- spp. respectively . Boron detoxification was occurred completely by supplying Znic  sulphate prior to toxic–B treatment (pre-treatment )in all spp. compared to its supply as post- treatment or simultaneously with    toxic –B . The protective role of Znic – sulphate was significantly enhances the average of root number /cutting to its levels in control treatment  ( in absence of toxic – B)in all spp. under study . Toxic levels of B for the above spp. were caused  significant damage for plasma- membrane of leaf tissues via permeability perturbation in terms of EC% with increasing 111.05%, 50.015%  and30.65 in cutting  of Mung bean , Cucumber and Tomato respectively . Whereas ,in seedling (in presence of root system ) the % of damage was declined to 83.74%,42.59% and 9.91% when exposed to B-toxicity .These results confirms the sequostration mechanism of boron in roots exclusively ,rather than its transport to leaves . Key woreds: Boron-toxicity, Boron-detoxification,Cucumber,Mung bean,rooting response ,Tomato and Znic

Impact of planting dates and some weather factors on population fluctuation and occurrence percentage of aphids and thrips on wheat crop in Egypt

Three planting dates of wheat (Nov., 15th, Dec., 1st and Dec., 15th ) were evaluated during 2012/ 2013 and 2013/2014 seasons at Al Ziton village, Beni-Suief Governorate to determine their effect on the population fluctuation of aphids; Rhopalosiphum padi, Schizaphis graminum, Rhopalosiphum maidis and Sitobion (Macrosiphum) avenae and thrips; Thrips tabaci. Results indicated that planting of wheat seeds in the second planting date (Dec., 1st) led to slight infestation of aphids and thrips with mean numbers of 15.52 and 5.74 individuals /10 tillers, for the two seasons. The population fluctuation of aphids and thrips were affected by delaying planting date, as the wheat plants planted at the early planting date (Nov., 15th) were found to be infested by a little numbers of aphids in the first inspection. On the contrary, the infestation of aphids postponed for 8 and 2 weeks & 8 and 6 weeks in the second and third planting dates in the two studied seasons, respectively. On the other hand, the infestation of thrips postponed for 3 & 1 weeks and 6 & 4 weeks in the second and third planting dates in the two seasons, respectively. The highest infestation rate of aphids on wheat plants were recorded at the last period of growth (ear head formation) in the three tested planting dates as the occurrence percent were 48.57, 87.55 and 76.06 % for the three planting dates, in the first season and were 92.94, 89.02 and 88.71 % in the second season. The highest infestation rate of thrips occurred during tillering stage in the 1st and 2nd planting dates, as occurrence percent were 76.58 and 78.69 % in the first season and 91.09 & 86.67 % in the second season. On the other hand, the highest  infestation rate of thrips at the 3rd planting date were recorded during the ear head formation, showing occurrence percent of  94.84 and 91.15 % in the two seasons, respectively. The population density of aphids and thrips were greatly influenced according to the change in weather factors. The combined effect of temperature and relative humidity on the population density of aphids on wheat plants were 20.44, 37.53 and 30.12 for the three tested planting dates, in the first season and were 27.39, 25.65 and 25.81 % in the second seasons, respectively. The combined effect of two climatic factors together on the population density thrips  decreased by delaying planting date of wheat, as E.V.% were 90.52, 35.04 and 28.34 % to the three tested planting dates in the first season and 54.68, 51.28 and 31.04 in the second season, respectively.

Finite Element Analysis of Axially Loaded GFRP-Reinforced Concrete Hollow Square Columns

Hollow concrete columns are often employed in bridge constructions because of their lighter weight and effective section characteristics. In addition, to reduce the issue of steel reinforcement corrosion and create a strong and light construction, hollow section columns are also reinforced with bars made of fiber-reinforced polymer. This research aimed to analyze the effect of GFRP (glass fiber reinforced polymer) on the compression strength of hollow square concrete columns under an axial concentric load. The finite element application ABAQUS 2019 version was used to simulate a finite element model, calibrated utilizing experimental data from previous studies for various geometric models of concrete and material specifications of the reinforcement. The findings of the experimental studies and the finite element model exhibit excellent agreement. Finally, according to the parametric study's results, A parametric analysis is done to assess the impact of changing reinforcement ratio, spacing between the ties, inner-to-outer section width ratio, and a comparison with steel reinforcement. The computational results clearly show how an Increased longitudinal GFRP reinforcement ratio improves the columns' bearing capability, but when compared to steel reinforcement, it provides less bearing capability. For the optimum outcome with hollow square concrete columns, it is advised to adopt the limit of the i/o between 0.27 and 0.38. In addition, changing the spacing between stirrups was shown not to significantly impact the capacity for axial load in hollow square concrete columns

Predicting surgical outcome of pediatric percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Purpose: The aim was to evaluate the outcome of pediatric percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) guided by Guy’s stone score grading system.Patients and methods: This was a prospective study of children with renal calculi more than 2 cm. They were younger than 18 years and were a candidate for PCNL at our University Hospitals from January 2013 until July 2016. All of them had a low-dose noncontrast enhanced computed tomography. The procedure was performed under general anesthesia with the patients in the prone position guided by fluoroscopy. The stone-free rate and the presence and type of complications were estimated. The demographic and clinical data, stone characteristics, radiologic anatomy as well the PCNL approach and methods of lithotripsy used were evaluated. Comparison was performed through using univariate and multivariate analyses, and factors predicting the PCNL outcome were determined.Results: A total of 110 children with kidney stones were accepted for PCNL. Overall, 95 (86.3%) of 110 children were stone free after one-stage PCNL. Grade 1 Guy’s stone score was 97.5% (40/41) (P<0.05). Mean hospital stay was 4.01 ± 2.0 days. Operative complications include bleeding in 12 (10.9%), extravasation in seven (6.4%), injury to the colon in one (0.9%), and renal pelvis perforation three (2.7%). In our study, larger Amplatz sheath, stone burden, and longer operative time are related to complications.Conclusion: Guy’s stone score correlated with both success and complications and can be used for decision making preoperatively in pediatric PCNL.Keywords: Guy’s stone score, minimally invasive, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, pediatric, urolithiasi

Design and Fabrication of an Electromechanical Tester to Perform Two-dimensional Tensile Testing for Flexible Materials

There are many diseases that affect the arteries, especially those related to their elasticity and stiffness, and they can be guessed by estimating and calculating the modulus of elasticity. Hence, the accurate calculation of the elastic modulus leads to an accurate assessment of these diseases, especially in their early stages, which can contribute to the treatment of these diseases early. Most of the calculations used the one-dimensional (1D) modulus of elasticity. From a mechanical point of view, the stresses to which the artery is subjected are not one-dimensional, but three-dimensional. Therefore, estimating at least a two-dimensional (2D) modulus of elasticity will necessarily be more accurate. To the knowledge of researchers, there is a lack of published research on this subject, as well as a paucity of research that designed and implemented a 2D tensile testing device (2DTTD). However, there is no inspection of arterial flexibility and elasticity using the 2DTTD adequately studied before. Therefore, the aim of this work is to design and implement the 2DTTD to scrutinize if there is a difference between the 1D and 2D tensile examination. Different sized rectangular silicone specimens were manually fabricated; they were tested individually using the fabricated 2DTTD, which mainly comprises four actuators synchronously working with the same velocity and axial load force, two at each axis. As expected using the 2DTTD, the dimensions of the specimen remarkably influence the tensile testing results; the strain and stress rates and the modulus of elasticity were influenced.  To validate the acquired 2D tensile testing results, the 1D tensile testing was performed using the same fabricated 2DTTD and compared to results gained using another tensile testing apparatus. During the verification process, the input data for models calibration were sufficiently and accurately provided. The results showed reasonable precision and reliability in calculations of the 2D stress and strain rates during the whole deformation process. Each mechanical device that has been used has the possibility to stretch and squeeze the sample and log the change in the specimen elongation. The authors thought that the present experimental methodology was applied to the linear mechanical device successfully, where the encoder that is attached to tested samples was in the principal direction. The present method is used to measure the deformation in a manner that differs from the traditional digital image correlation method, which required a toolset that is more expensive, where it incorporates high-accuracy optical equipment

Red deer algorithm-based selective harmonic elimination technique for multilevel inverters

This paper proposed a red deer algorithm (RDA)-based selective harmonic elimination (SHE) method for multilevel inverters (MLIs). To eliminate the desired harmonic orders, the optimum switching angles of the MLI have been calculated using the proposed RDA. The calculated switching angles have been applied to the 3-phase cascaded H-bridged 11-level inverter. In addition, the performance of the proposed RDA method was compared with the results of methods such as the Newton-Raphson (NR) method, LSHADE/EpSin technique (LSHADE), whale optimization algorithm (WOA), and particle swarm optimization (PSO) used for the SHE problem in the literature. The results obtained prove that the proposed RDA optimization solves the SHE problems more effectively than other methods. It has also been observed that RDA produces good solutions in different modulation indexes