Parent-Toddler Conversations About Desires and Beliefs: Characterizing Mental State Talk Between Parents and Their Children with Typical Development, Autism, and Developmental Delays

This study aimed to characterize parent-child conversations about the mind among typically-developing (TD) toddlers, toddlers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and toddlers with non-ASD developmental delays (DD). I systematically assessed how often and in what ways parents and their toddlers engaged in mental state talk (i.e., production of mental state utterances) in a semi-naturalistic setting. The sample included 141 22-month old toddlers (50 TD, 44 ASD, 47 DD) and their parents recruited upon completion of screening for ASD during a well-baby checkup. Overall, I found that parents of TD toddlers and parents of toddlers with ASD or DD did not differ in the quantity or quality of their mental state talk. In contrast, some group differences emerged among toddlers. Most notably, TD toddlers were more likely to produce mental state utterances than toddlers with ASD or DD. The few toddlers with ASD or DD who did produce a mental state utterance looked similar to TD toddlers in terms of producing desire terms most often, referencing their own mind more than their social partner’s mind, using mental state terms when talking about the psychological world, and rarely initiating conversations about the mind. The present study contributes to the limited body of existing work on children’s early mental state talk by characterizing the quantity and quality of conversations between two-year-old toddlers and their parents during interaction and before the child receives a formal diagnosis. Its findings provide support for the idea that parents of typically and atypically developing toddlers provide a similar linguistic environment to their child. Thus, the differences we see in toddlers’ early use of mental state terms is likely more a reflection of the challenges children with ASD and other developmental delays face when trying to reason about others’ thoughts and feelings during social interaction, and less a matter of the quantity and quality of language available in their environment

Perception And Theory-of-Mind Development In Preschool Children: Comparing Visual And Auditory Modalities

Research on theory of mind (ToM) has been dominated by the traditional False Belief tasks; however, recent work has established a developmental sequence for children’s mental-state understanding. Wellman and Liu (2004) formulated a ToM scale that tests four additional aspects of ToM abilities in the visual realm: Diverse Desires, Diverse Beliefs, Knowledge Access, and Real-Apparent Emotions. Our study extended the scale to include five parallel tasks assessing ToM in the auditory realm. Sixty-six typically developing preschoolers (30 female) between the ages of 3- and 5-years-old were tested using 10 ToM tasks (5 visual, 5 auditory). A 3(age) x 2(modality) x 2(gender) repeated measures ANOVA yielded significant effects for age and gender, where 4- and 5-year-olds demonstrated greater mental-state understanding than 3-year-olds and girls passed more tasks than boys. There was no effect of modality nor did any interactions emerge. Like the visual tasks in the theory-of-mind scale, the auditory tasks form a scalable set, with Diverse Desires and Diverse Beliefs occurring earlier in the scale than Knowledge Access, False Belief, and Real-Apparent Emotions. Our new scale provides researchers with five novel tasks to measure the progression of theory-of-mind development in the auditory realm and may be extended to assess preschoolers, such as children with visual impairments and children with autism spectrum disorder, who have shown delays in mental-state understanding when tested using predominantly visual task

Numerical Approach of the Influence of Geometric Properties on the Absorbing in Photonic Crystal

In the proposed study, an investigation has been carried out in order to find a material efficient structure, capable of harnessing maximum solar spectrum. A material efficient structure designed using a one dimensional photonic crystal (1D PC) for amorphous silicon. Silicon material is used as it leads to environmental friendly design. The principal objective of this study is to maximize the photon absorption, keeping reflection to a minimum. The influence of geometric parameters on the absorption is studied by using the Finite element method (FEM). The results show that the absorption is affected by the geometry parameters. The optimum parameters of the proposed structure are period (a = 480 nm), a filling factor (ff = 50 %) and depth (d = 150 nm). The increase of absorption in the lower region where the wavelengths are around 480 nm, is explained by the reduction of the effective index resulting from the structure of the absorbent layer. For wavelengths between 480 nm and 600 nm, the absorption is directly related to existing Fabry-Perot modes within the absorbent layer. Creating additional absorption peaks at wavelengths above about 600 nm weakly absorbed normally comes from the coupling of the incident light with slow Bloch modes of PC located above the light line

Pendidikan Anak dalam Perspektif Alquran

IndonesiaPendahuluan: Mencetak generasi rabbani yang unggul di tengah persaingan global dapat dilakukan dengan jalan menyelenggarakan pendidikan yang memberikan kesempatan seluas-luasnya kepada anak didik untuk mengaktualisasikan potensi, bakat dan minatnya. Alquran sebagai sumber ajaran Islam juga banyak mengungkap konsep pendidikan yang ideal. Dalam tulisan ini akan dikemukakan tentang pendidikan anak dalam persfektif Alquran dengan menggunakan tafsir maudhu'i. Metode: Artikel ini menggunakan metode kajian pustaka (library research). Hasil: Artikel ini menghasilkan; himpunan teori tentang pendidikan anak, himpunan ayat-ayat yang berkaitan dengan masalah pendidikan anak, makna hubungan dan tafsir ayat-ayat tentang pendidikan anak.EnglishIntroduction: To Graduate Rabbani generation that excels in the midst of global competition that can be done by delivering education that provides the widest possible opportunity to the students to grow and develop in accordance with the potential, talent and interest. Method: This paper will be presented on children's education in the perspective of the Qur 'an by using interpretation from maudhu'i. Result: teory collection of the child education, to track and gather the verses relating to the matter that has been set, which is Al-Makkiyah and Madaniyah, to know the relationship (munasabah) verses in each surah, to interpretation about Alquran verses and completes the description and discussion with the Hadis

Chromaticity of a family of 5-partite graphs

AbstractLet P(G,λ) be the chromatic polynomial of a graph G. Two graphs G and H are said to be chromatically equivalent, denoted G∼H, if P(G,λ)=P(H,λ). We write [G]={H∣H∼G}. If [G]={G}, then G is said to be chromatically unique. In this paper, we first characterize certain complete 5-partite graphs G with 5n vertices according to the number of 6-independent partitions of G. Using these results, we investigate the chromaticity of G with certain stars or matching deleted parts . As a by-product, two new families of chromatically unique complete 5-partite graphs G with certain stars or matching deleted parts are obtained

Kajian Ekonomi Wilayah Dan Kelembagaan USAha Peternakan Ayam Ras Petelur Di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya (the Spatial and Institutional Economic Analysis of Layer Broiler Farming in the District of Tasikmalaya)

The theme of this study is the spatial economic of layer-broiler production in Tasikmalaya district. The study was accomplished in eight months, from April to November 2008. Its purpose is twofold; first, to identify the spatial economic of layer-broiler production; and second, to describe the properties of its institutional performance. The data was collected through surveys, and subsequently analyzed by means of localization indices, specialization indices, LQ and the structure – conduct – performance (SCP) approach. The analysis revealed that layerbroiler farming on the area yet have not enough contributed to the regional economic of Tasikmalaya. In addition, the aspect of availability and accessibility to feed resources, and the aspect of marketing have been identified as a critical point for further development of layer-broiler industry in the future. Keyword : spatial economic, localization, specialization, LQ, SCP

PROFIL PENYIMPANAN OBAT DI UNIT PELAKSANAAN TEKNIS DAERAH (UPTD) PENGELOLAAN OBAT DINAS KESEHATAN KOTA MAKASSAR

The pharmacy storage facility is responsible for maintaining the supply of medicines to avoid damage and expiration as well as maintaining the quality of medicines stored in the facility. As a result, this investigation concerning the profile of drug storage at the UPTD of Drug Management of Makassar City Health Office, is necessary. The study aimed to determine the drug storage profile in the UPTD of Makassar City Health Office. The present study employs a descriptive qualitative approach. Direct observation, in- depth interviews, and document analysis were used to collect data. The informants for this study were the head of the UPTD and pharmaceutical personnel at the UPTD of Drug Management of Makassar City Health Office. The aspects examined and percentages obtained were facilities and spatial arrangements (82.3 percent), drug stock preparation (81.8 percent), stock card recording (87.5 percent), and checking conditions and drug storage (87.5 percent). The results showed that all areas examined fell into the very good category and were consistent with the guidelines of Health Ministry of the Republic of Indonesia 2002, Regulation numbers 72, 73, 74 of 2016, and Technical Guidelines of 2019. Even though drug storage activities are not directly related to patients, ignoring them will result in significant losses for the Health Offic

Perancangan Sistem Pendukung Keputusanprediksi Jumlah Produksi dan Tenaga Kerja Menggunakan Metode Fuzzy Sugeno

PT. TACI merupakan Perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang otomotif, yaitu memproduksi kompresor mobil. Dalam memproduksi barang, PT. TACI sering mengalami keadaan yang fluktuatif, sehingga sangat berpengaruh terhadap jumlah tenaga kerja yang tersedia dan begitupun sebaliknya. Selama ini PT. TACI hanya menggunakan sistem manual dengan microsoft excel untuk menghitung jumlah produksi dan tenaga kerjanya. Dan itu sangat menghambat proses memproduksi barang. Perancangan Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Prediksi Jumlah Produksi dan Tenaga Kerja adalah suatu sistem yang diperuntukan untuk menentukan jumlah produksi dan sekaligus jumlah tenaga kerja yang dibutuhkan. Sistem ini menerapkan metode Fuzzy Sugeno, dengan menggunakan variabel permintaan dan kapasitas perbulan. Sistem ini diharapkan dapat membantu para manager dalam mengambil atau menentukan keputusan jumlah produksi dan jumlah tenaga kerja