Effects of Dietary Levels of Energy and Protein at the Finishing Stage. 1.Performance and Pelt Production of Rex Rabbits

ABSTRACT Unlike meat-type rabbits \u27Flemish Giant, New Zealand White or Californian] winch are slaughtered at 10 - 12 weeks old, Rex rabbit, a fine fur-producing rabbit, arc harvested at 6 - 8 monthold, The nutrient requirement at the \u27finisher stage and for fur production purpose may be different from those of starter stage or meat production purpose. Ninelysix Rex rabbits of 3,5 to 4 months old were used m a 3 x 4 factorial experiment to study the effect of levels of protein 114, 16 and 18%] and levels of digestible energy [DE - 2000, 2250, 2500 and 2750 kcal/kg] on the perfomianee and fur production Rex rabbits. Each treatment combination consisted of 8 unsexed rabbits. Animal performance and fur production were observed. Differences among treatment means of each parameter tested were analysed by LSD. In general, results indicated that there were no significant interaction occured between levels of energy and protein on the parameters measured, Feed intake WU, dry matter digestibility IDMDI, percentage of carcass [PC1. edible meat [PEN% fat bone [PB[ and skin [PS], and weight [RPW] and area IRPAJ of raw pelt wore not significantly different among treatments. Higher dietary level of BE and protein, however significantly increased bodyweight gain [DWG] and feed efficiency [FCR], and dried weight \u27DPW\u27 and area [DPAI of pelt Ranges of values for the tested parameters were 104 - 121 g/rabba/d for Fi, 12 - 16 g/rabbiLid for BING, 6.9 - 9 7 for FCR. and 53 -62% for MID. Values for PC, PEN, PF, PB and PS ranged from 51 to 54%, 67 to 71%, 17 to 6,4%, 23 to 29% and from 7.4 to S O, respectively. Pelt production, in terms of pelt weight and pelt area were 172 - 205 pelt and 1136 - 1223 cm2/pelt, respectively for raw pelts. Corresponding values for dried pelt were 119 - 11 Og and 1485 - 172.8 ern2 Key Words: Energy, Protein, Performance, Pelt Production, Rex Rabbit

Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Berupa Modul Basics English Grammar untuk Mahasiswa Tadris Bahasa Inggris Fitk IAIN Sultan Amai Gorontalo

Tujuan penelitian ini dirancang untuk: (1) Mengembangkan Bahan Ajar berbentuk modul Basics English Grammar untuk mahasiswa Tadris Bahasa Inggris FITK IAIN Sultan Amai Gorontalo; (2) Mengetahui kelayakan Bahan Ajar berbentuk modul Basics English Grammar untuk mahasiswa Tadris Bahasa Inggris FITK IAIN Sultan Amai Gorontalo. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan (Research and Development). Desain penelitian yang digunakan mengacu pada model pengembangan four-D (4D) models dengan empat tahapan pokok yaitu, (1) Define; (2) Design; (3) Develop; (4) Disseminate. Hasil riset ini berupa : (1) Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Berbentuk Modul Basic English Grammar sesuai dengan model pengembangan four-D models. Define, diperoleh hasil bahwa mahasiswa membutuhkan bahan ajar yang dapat meningkatkan kompetensi mahasiswa, serta membantu belajar mandiri. Design, diperoleh hasil bahan ajar yang sesuai kebutuhan mahasiswa berupa modul Basic English Grammar. Develop, dilakukan validasi oleh ahli, revisi sesuai saran ahli, serta uji coba pengembangan di semester 3 Tadris Bahasa Inggris. Disseminate, dilakukan penyebaran modul kepada mahasiswa Tadris Bahasa Inggris (2) Kelayakan Bahan Ajar Berbentuk Modul berdasarkan penilaian: ahli materi diperoleh rerata skor 3,93 (layak), ahli media diperoleh rerata skor 4,02 (layak), dan praktisi pembelajaran/dosen pengampu mata kuliah Grammar diperoleh rerata skor 4,03 (layak); (3) Penilaian mahasiswa terhadap Bahan Ajar Berbentuk Modul Basic English Grammar diperoleh rerata skor 4,33 (sangat layak)

Penggunaan Otolit untuk Penentuan Umur dan Waktu Pemijahan Ikan Red Devil, Amphilophus Labiatus [Gunther, 1864] di Waduk Sermo, YOGYAKARTA [The Use Of Otolith To Determine Age And Spawning TIME Of Red Devil Amphilophus Labiatus [Gunther, 1864] In Sermo Reservoir, YOGYAKARTA]

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan umur dan waktu pemijahan ikan red devil berdasarkan jumlah lingkaran ha-rian pada otolit juwana ikan. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan Oktober 2013 hingga Maret 2014. Pengambilan contoh ikan dilakukan tiap dua mingguan dengan menggunakan waring dan seser. Guna menentukan awal pembentukan ling-karan harian pada otolit, maka dilakukan pengamatan terhadap otolit larva ikan nila albino (Oreochromis sp.) hasil te-tasan. Sebanyak lima ekor larva diambil tiap hari sejak menetas hingga umur 18 hari, selanjutnya larva diambil tiap dua hari. Otolit sagitta diambil dengan cara merendam ikan menggunakan larutan NaOCl 5,25%. Otolit yang tertinggal se-lanjutnya direkatkan pada objek gelas menggunakan semen bucherer, dan ditutup menggunakan kanada balsam serta kaca penutup. Pengamatan jumlah lingkaran harian menggunakan mikroskop dengan pembesaran 100-400 kali. Umur larva ikan ditentukan berdasarkan jumlah lingkaran pada otolit ditambah waktu terbentuknya lingkaran pertama kali se-jak penetasan. Waktu pemijahan larva ikan diduga dengan perhitungan Balik dari waktu sampling ditambah umur dan masa pengeraman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 130 juwana ikan red devil dengan kisaran panjang 7,0-14,6 mm berhasil dikumpulkan dan sebanyak 69 otolit berhasil diamati. Pembentukan lingkaran pada otolit nila albino dimu-lai pada hari ketujuh setelah pemijahan atau hari ketiga setelah penetasan dan terbentuk secara harian. Juwana ikan red devil berumur 9-28 hari, yang didominasi oleh larva berumur 17 hari. Ikan red devil memijah setiap bulan dari November hingga Februari, bertepatan dengan bulan fase gelap dan curah hujan tinggi

Pengaruh Bidang Diskontinu terhadap Kestabilan Lereng Tambang – Studi Kasus Lereng Pb9s4 Tambang Terbuka Grasberg

Papua merupakan salah satu tambang tembaga dan emas terbesar di Indonesia yang dioperasionalkan oleh PT. Freeport Indonesia. Sejak dioperasionalkan tambang terbuka Grasberg, Seringkali terjadi beberapa kali kasus longsoran yang diakibatkan oleh struktur geologi. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kemungkinan terjadinya beberapa tipe longsoran, faktor keamanan kestabilan lereng dan critical strength reduction factor. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu struktur geologi berupa kekar berdasarkan hasil pengamatan dan pemetaan geologi di lapangan, sifat fisik dan sifat mekanik hasil uji laboratorium di Perusahaan. Lereng PB9S4 terletak di bagian barat daya (southwest) yang dikelompokkan menjadi 27 lokasi. Berdasarkan hasil proyeksi stereografis menggunakan perangkat lunak dips menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 13 lokasi kemungkinan terjadinya longsoran bidang dan longsoran baji. Hasil analisis kinematik menggunakan analisis longsoran bidang dan baji menunjukkan bahwa faktor keamanan memiliki kondisi aman. Metode elemen hingga dengan simulasi lereng model joint network Baecher dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak Phase2 menunjukkan bahwa hampir semua lereng memiliki kondisi stabil

Substrate stiffness engineered to replicate disease conditions influence senescence and fibrotic responses in primary lung fibroblasts

In fibrosis remodelling of ECM leads to changes in composition and stiffness. Such changes can have a major impact on cell functions including proliferation, secretory profile and differentiation. Several studies have reported that fibrosis is characterised by increased senescence and accumulating evidence suggests that changes to the ECM including altered composition and increased stiffness may contribute to premature cellular senescence. This study investigated if increased stiffness could modulate markers of senescence and/or fibrosis in primary human lung fibroblasts. Using hydrogels representing stiffnesses that fall within healthy and fibrotic ranges, we cultured primary fibroblasts from non-diseased lung tissue on top of these hydrogels for up to 7 days before assessing senescence and fibrosis markers. Fibroblasts cultured on stiffer (±15 kPa) hydrogels showed higher Yes-associated protein-1 (YAP) nuclear translocation compared to soft hydrogels. When looking at senescence-associated proteins we also found higher secretion of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) but no change in transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) or connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression and higher decorin protein deposition on stiffer matrices. With respect to genes associated with fibrosis, fibroblasts on stiffer hydrogels compared to soft had higher expression of smooth muscle alpha (α)-2 actin (ACTA2), collagen (COL) 1A1 and fibulin-1 (Fbln1) and higher Fbln1 protein deposition after 7 days. Our results show that exposure of lung fibroblasts to fibrotic stiffness activates genes and secreted factors that are part of fibrotic responses and part of the Senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). This overlap may contribute to the creation of a feedback loop whereby fibroblasts create a perpetuating cycle reinforcing progression of a fibrotic response

Regulation of Cellular Senescence Is Independent from Profibrotic Fibroblast-Deposited ECM

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating lung disease with poor survival. Age is a major risk factor, and both alveolar epithelial cells and lung fibroblasts in this disease exhibit features of cellular senescence, a hallmark of ageing. Accumulation of fibrotic extracellular matrix (ECM) is a core feature of IPF and is likely to affect cell function. We hypothesize that aberrant ECM deposition augments fibroblast senescence, creating a perpetuating cycle favouring disease progression. In this study, primary lung fibroblasts were cultured on control and IPF-derived ECM from fibroblasts pretreated with or without profibrotic and prosenescent stimuli, and markers of senescence, fibrosis-associated gene expression and secretion of cytokines were measured. Untreated ECM derived from control or IPF fibroblasts had no effect on the main marker of senescence p16(Ink4a) and p21(Waf1/Cip1). However, the expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (ACTA2) and proteoglycan decorin (DCN) increased in response to IPF-derived ECM. Production of the proinflammatory cytokines C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 8 (CXCL8) by lung fibroblasts was upregulated in response to senescent and profibrotic-derived ECM. Finally, the profibrotic cytokines transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) were upregulated in response to both senescent- and profibrotic-derived ECM. In summary, ECM deposited by IPF fibroblasts does not induce cellular senescence, while there is upregulation of proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines and differentiation into a myofibroblast phenotype in response to senescent- and profibrotic-derived ECM, which may contribute to progression of fibrosis in IPF