New concept of pathogenesis of impaired circulation in traumatic cervical spinal cord injury and its impact on disease severity: case series of four patients

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to justify a new concept of the pathogenesis of secondary changes in the cervical spinal cord, and its correlation with the depth of development of neurological disorders in spinal injury. Methods: Standard magnetic resonance imaging examination and angiography of the cervical and vertebral arteries of four patients were performed to diagnose the prevalence rate of ischemia and edema, and examine the spinal cord vasculature. Correlation of the data obtained with the neurological status was performed. Results: Collateral circulation is most apparent in the upper-cervical region, above the C4 vertebra. Following occlusion of the vertebral artery, the circulation above the C4 vertebra is performed by collaterals of the ascending cervical artery. With extensive damage to the spinal cord, the intensity of edema and ischemia can be regarded as the effect of damage to radicular medullary arteries, which are injured in the intervertebral foramen. Secondary changes of the spinal cord are most apparent by impaired circulation in the artery of cervical enlargement. Conclusions: Collateral circulation is a significant factor that limits the damage to the cervical spinal cord. Impaired circulation in the artery of cervical enlargement is significant in extension of perifocal ischemia. The appearance of early arteriovenous shunting in the region of a primary spinal cord injury (contusion focus) by angiography is pathognomonic. The data obtained open a perspective for the endovascular treatment of spinal cord injury

High-frequency homogenization for periodic media

This article is available open access through the publisher’s website at the link below. Copyright @ 2010 The Royal Society.An asymptotic procedure based upon a two-scale approach is developed for wave propagation in a doubly periodic inhomogeneous medium with a characteristic length scale of microstructure far less than that of the macrostructure. In periodic media, there are frequencies for which standing waves, periodic with the period or double period of the cell, on the microscale emerge. These frequencies do not belong to the low-frequency range of validity covered by the classical homogenization theory, which motivates our use of the term ‘high-frequency homogenization’ when perturbing about these standing waves. The resulting long-wave equations are deduced only explicitly dependent upon the macroscale, with the microscale represented by integral quantities. These equations accurately reproduce the behaviour of the Bloch mode spectrum near the edges of the Brillouin zone, hence yielding an explicit way for homogenizing periodic media in the vicinity of ‘cell resonances’. The similarity of such model equations to high-frequency long wavelength asymptotics, for homogeneous acoustic and elastic waveguides, valid in the vicinities of thickness resonances is emphasized. Several illustrative examples are considered and show the efficacy of the developed techniques.NSERC (Canada) and the EPSRC

ДИАГНОСТИЧЕСКАЯ ЗНАЧИМОСТЬ ТЕСТА GENE XPERT MTB-RIF ВО ФТИЗИАТРИЧЕСКОЙ ПРАКТИКЕ

The article presents the data on the use of Gene Хpert MBT-RIF testing in 122 patients. In 69 (56.6%) patients the diagnosis of tuberculosis was confirmed, and some other non-tuberculous pulmonary diseases were verified in 53 (43.4%) patients. Efficiency of tuberculous causative agent detection by Gene Xpert was compared to routine bacteriological methods. The sensitivity of this method made 63.8%, specificity made 98.1%, prognostic value of the positive result - 97.8%, prognostic value of negative result - 67.5%. Factors associated with positive results of this method are presented.В статье представлены данные о применении теста Gene Хpert MBT-RIF у 122 больных. У 69 (56,6%) пациентов диагноз туберкулеза был подтвержден, у 53 (43,4%) - верифицированы иные, нетуберкулезные заболевания легких. Сопоставлена эффективность выявления возбудителя туберкулеза посредством теста Gene Xpert в сравнении с рутинными бактериологическими методами. Чувствительность метода составила 63,8%, специфичность - 98,1%, прогностическая ценность положительного результата - 97,8%, прогностическая ценность отрицательного результата - 67,5%. Представлены ассоциированные факторы с положительным результатом данного метода

Uncoupling of ATP-Mediated Calcium Signaling and Dysregulated Interleukin-6 Secretion in Dendritic Cells by Nanomolar Thimerosal

Dendritic cells (DCs), a rare cell type widely distributed in the soma, are potent antigen-presenting cells that initiate primary immune responses. DCs rely on intracellular redox state and calcium (Ca(2+)) signals for proper development and function, but the relationship between these two signaling systems is unclear. Thimerosal (THI) is a mercurial used to preserve vaccines and consumer products, and is used experimentally to induce Ca(2+) release from microsomal stores. We tested adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-mediated Ca(2+) responses of DCs transiently exposed to nanomolar THI. Transcriptional and immunocytochemical analyses show that murine myeloid immature DCs (IDCs) and mature DCs (MDCs) express inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP(3)R) and ryanodine receptor (RyR) Ca(2+) channels, known targets of THI. IDCs express the RyR1 isoform in a punctate distribution that is densest near plasma membranes and within dendritic processes, whereas IP(3)Rs are more generally distributed. RyR1 positively and negatively regulates purinergic signaling because ryanodine (Ry) blockade a) recruited 80% more ATP responders, b) shortened ATP-mediated Ca(2+) transients > 2-fold, and c) produced a delayed and persistent rise (≥ 2-fold) in baseline Ca(2+). THI (100 nM, 5 min) recruited more ATP responders, shortened the ATP-mediated Ca(2+) transient (≥ 1.4-fold), and produced a delayed rise (≥ 3-fold) in the Ca(2+) baseline, mimicking Ry. THI and Ry, in combination, produced additive effects leading to uncoupling of IP(3)R and RyR1 signals. THI altered ATP-mediated interleukin-6 secretion, initially enhancing the rate of cytokine secretion but suppressing cytokine secretion overall in DCs. DCs are exquisitely sensitive to THI, with one mechanism involving the uncoupling of positive and negative regulation of Ca(2+) signals contributed by RyR1

ФОТОДИНАМИЧЕСКАЯ ИНАКТИВАЦИЯ MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS РАДАХЛОРИНОМ IN VITRO

Goal: to detect the best mode of in vitro photodynamic inactivation of M. tuberculosis by Radahlorin.Subjects and methods. The activity of culture of M. tuberculosis, H37Rv strain, photosensitized by 0.00005% Radohlorin was compared and the intensity of growth was assessed after photodynamic inactivation by different doses of light energy with 662 nm wavelength.Results. For the first time, anti-microbial properties of E6 chlorine in the form of medicamental photosensitizer (0.00005% Radohlorin) suppressing museum strain of M. tuberculosis of H37Rv were detected. Photoinactivation of M. tuberculosis depends on the dose and achieves its maximum in 10 minutes of light exposure with light energy of 0.5 W. Цель: выявить оптимальный режим фотодинамической инактивации (ФДИ) M. tuberculosis радахлорином in vitro.Материалы и методы. Проведен сравнительный анализ культуральной активности M. tuberculosis H37Rv, фотосенсибилизированных радахло- рином 0,00005%, с оценкой интенсивности роста после ФДИ различными дозами световой энергии с длиной волны 662 нм.Результаты. Впервые выявлены антимикобактериальные свойства хлорина Е6 в виде лекарственного фотосенсибилизатора (радахлорин 0,00005%) в отношении музейного штамма M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Фотоинактивация возбудителя дозозависима и достигает предельных значений через 10 мин светового воздействия при мощности световой энергии 0,5 Вт.

Эффективность термохимической регенерации тепла в энергетической установке судна класса «река-море»

Эффективность термохимической регенерации тепла в энергетической установке судна класса «река–море» = Thermochemical heat recovery efficiency of the "River-sea" ship power plants / А. К. Чередниченко, М. Р. Ткач, Б. Г. Тимошевский, А. Ю. Проскурин // Авиационно-космическая техника и технология. – 2016. – № 8 (135). – С. 29–35.У статті подано аналіз вимог до енергетичних установок суден. Виявлено групи «визначаючих» критеріїв в залежності від цільової функції судна і визначена їхня пріоритетність. Визначена перспективність застосування термохімічної регенерації тепла в складі мобільних енергетичних комплексів, в тому числі суднових. Представлені основні положення математичної моделі енергетичної установки з термохімічною регенерацією. Наведено результати дослідження ефективності використання термохімічної регенерації тепла в судновій енергетичні установці, стосовно до суднових двигун-генераторів на базі ДВЗ потужністю 300…500 кВт. Дослідження дозволило виявити, що раціонально утилізувати для отримання синтез-газу шляхом конверсії біоетанолу від 32 до 50% теплоти відхідних газів. Результати досліджень можуть бути використані при проектуванні енергетичних установок стаціонарних та мобільних об'єктів, в тому числі суднових енергетичних установок.The paper analyzes the requirements for ships power plants. The groups of "defining" the criteria, depending on the target vessel function and prioritized. Identifying promising application of thermochemical heat recovery in mobile power systems, including marine. The main provisions of the mathematical model of the power plant with a thermo-chemical regeneration. The results of research on the effectiveness of using thermochemical heat recovery in the ship's power plant, in relation to the ship's engine-generators on the basis of the internal combustion engine capacity of 300 to 500 kW. The exploration revealed that efficiently disposed to produce synthesis gas by conversion of bio-ethanol from 32 to 50% of the heat of exhaust gases. The research results can be used in the design of power systems of stationary and mobile objects, including marine power plants.В статье дан анализ требований к энергетическим установкам судов. Выявлены группы «определяющих» критериев в зависимости от целевой функции судна и определена их приоритетность. Определена перспективность применения термохимической регенерации тепла в составе мобильных энергетических комплексов, в том числе судовых. Представлены основные положения математической модели энергетической установки с термохимической регенерацией. Приведены результаты исследования эффективности использования термохимической регенерации тепла в судовой энергетической установке, применительно к судовым двигатель-генераторам на базе ДВС мощностью 300 500 КВт. Исследование позволило выявить, что рационально утилизировать для получения синтез-газа путем конверсии биоэтанола от 32 до 50% теплоты отходящих газов. Результаты исследований могут быть использованы при проектировании энергетических установок стационарных и мобильных объектов, в том числе судовых энергетических установок

Calcium Homeostasis in Myogenic Differentiation Factor 1 (MyoD)-Transformed, Virally-Transduced, Skin-Derived Equine Myotubes

Dysfunctional skeletal muscle calcium homeostasis plays a central role in the pathophysiology of several human and animal skeletal muscle disorders, in particular, genetic disorders associated with ryanodine receptor 1 (RYR1) mutations, such as malignant hyperthermia, central core disease, multiminicore disease and certain centronuclear myopathies. In addition, aberrant skeletal muscle calcium handling is believed to play a pivotal role in the highly prevalent disorder of Thoroughbred racehorses, known as Recurrent Exertional Rhabdomyolysis. Traditionally, such defects were studied in human and equine subjects by examining the contractile responses of biopsied muscle strips exposed to caffeine, a potent RYR1 agonist. However, this test is not widely available and, due to its invasive nature, is potentially less suitable for valuable animals in training or in the human paediatric setting. Furthermore, increasingly, RYR1 gene polymorphisms (of unknown pathogenicity and significance) are being identified through next generation sequencing projects. Consequently, we have investigated a less invasive test that can be used to study calcium homeostasis in cultured, skin-derived fibroblasts that are converted to the muscle lineage by viral transduction with a MyoD (myogenic differentiation 1) transgene. Similar models have been utilised to examine calcium homeostasis in human patient cells, however, to date, there has been no detailed assessment of the cells’ calcium homeostasis, and in particular, the responses to agonists and antagonists of RYR1. Here we describe experiments conducted to assess calcium handling of the cells and examine responses to treatment with dantrolene, a drug commonly used for prophylaxis of recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis in horses and malignant hyperthermia in humans

Спосіб профілактики гнійно-запальних ускладнень при лікуванні переломів нижньої щелепи

Спосіб профілактики гнійно-запальних ускладнень лікування переломів нижньої щелепи, що включає трепанацію з наступною екстирпацією пульпи та пломбування каналу зуба, який знаходиться на лінії перелому, який відрізняється тим, що трепанують і пульпекстирпують канал кореня, який знаходиться в щілині перелому, додатково його дренують протягом 3-5 діб, а пломбування здійснюють після повного припинення виділення запального ексудату та при відсутності КЛІНІЧНИХ ознак травматичного перюдонтиту.; Способ профилактики гнойно-воспалительных осложнений лечения переломов нижней челюсти, включая трепанацию с последующей экстирпацией пульпы и пломбирование канала зуба, который находится на линии перелома, который отличается тем, что трепанируют и пульпекстирпують канал корня, который находится в щели перелома, дополнительно его дренируют в течение 3-5 суток, а пломбирования осуществляют после полного прекращения выделения воспалительного экссудата и при отсутствии клинических признаков травматического перюдонтиту.; A method of prevention of purulent-inflammatory complications of treatment of fractures of the mandible, that includes trepanation with subsequent pulp extraction and filling of the canal of the tooth that is located on the fracture line, which differs by trepaning and pulp-expressing the root canal, which is located in the FINGER of the fracture, additionally it is drained for 3-5 days, and the sealing is carried out after complete cessation of isolation inflammatory exudate and in the absence of CLINICAL signs of traumatic periodontitis

Фотодинамическая инактивация Mycobacterium tuberculosis метиленовым синим in vitro

The objective: to investigate the anti-tuberculosis effect of laser photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of M. tuberculosis H37Rv in vitro by methylene blue (MB) in the minimum concentration (1 μg/ml) with laser radiation of 662 nm. Subjects and methods. A comparative analysis of the intensity of growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv after laser irradiation and laser FDI by MB with different doses of light energy was carried out. Results. Laser radiation with a wavelength of 662 nm was found to have an inhibitory effect on the growth of M. tuberculosis H37Rv. FDI of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was first registered in the presence of a minimum concentration of MB (1 µg/ml) which suppressed colony growth by 97 and 93% when they were processed by radiation with a wavelength of 662 nm with the lowest density of doses of light energy (46.9 and 93.75 J/cm2).Цель: исследование противотуберкулезных эффектов лазерной фотодинамической инактивации (ФДИ) M. tuberculosis H37Rv in vitro метиленовым синим (МС) в минимальной концентрации (1 мкг/мл) при лазерном излучении длиной волны 662 нм.Материалы и методы. Проведен сравнительный анализ интенсивности роста Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv после лазерного облучения и лазерной ФДИ МС при различных дозах световой энергии.Результаты. Обнаружено, что лазерное излучение длиной волны 662 нм оказывает ингибирующее действие на ростовые свойства M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Впервые зарегистрирована ФДИ микобактерий туберкулеза в присутствии минимальной концентрации МС (1 мкг/мл), при которой реализуется подавление роста колоний на 97 и 93% при их обработке излучением длиной волны 662 нм с наименьшими значениями плотности доз световой энергии (46,9 и 93,75 Дж/см2)

Polyurethane/<i>n</i>-Octadecane Phase-Change Microcapsules via Emulsion Interfacial Polymerization: The Effect of Paraffin Loading on Capsule Shell Formation and Latent Heat Storage Properties.

Organic phase-change materials (PCMs) hold promise in developing advanced thermoregulation and responsive energy systems owing to their high latent heat capacity and thermal reliability. However, organic PCMs are prone to leakages in the liquid state and, thus, are hardly applicable in their pristine form. Herein, we encapsulated organic PCM n-Octadecane into polyurethane capsules via polymerization of commercially available polymethylene polyphenylene isocyanate and polyethylene glycol at the interface oil-in-water emulsion and studied how various n-Octadecane feeding affected the shell formation, capsule structure, and latent heat storage properties. The successful shell polymerization and encapsulation of n-Octadecane dissolved in the oil core was verified by confocal microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The mean capsule size varied from 9.4 to 16.7 µm while the shell was found to reduce in thickness from 460 to 220 nm as the n-Octadecane feeding increased. Conversely, the latent heat storage capacity increased from 50 to 132 J/g corresponding to the growth in actual n-Octadecane content from 25% to 67% as revealed by differential scanning calorimetry. The actual n-Octadecane content increased non-linearly along with the n-Octadecane feeding and reached a plateau at 66-67% corresponded to 3.44-3.69 core-to-monomer ratio. Finally, the capsules with the reasonable combination of structural and thermal properties were evaluated as a thermoregulating additive to a commercially available paint