2,442 research outputs found
The Social Construction of Frivolity
Leisure is a continuum of behavior from normative to deviant. Some forms of leisure reflect widely shared cultural norms while others reflect only marginal or sub-cultural acceptance. Within this continuum, we label some harmless forms of non-traditional behavior frivolity. The social construction of frivolity is tempered by time, place, social class and tradition. In addition, frivolity can be a two-edged sword, defining the abnormal as normal or the normal as abnormal.
Anthropologists document the functional nature of frivolity as a safety-valve to the pressures of conformity. Sociologists explore how patterns of interaction are altered or suspended in response to special events defined as periods of frivolity. Likewise, students of popular culture study the emergent norms, behaviors and the social definitions associated with carnivals, festivals and special environments dedicated to frivolity
Differential Response To Tabata Interval Versus Traditional Kettlebell Training Protocol
Please view abstract in the attached PDF file
Microbial fuel cell technology for measurement of microbial respiration of lactate as an example of bioremediation amendment
Microbial fuel cell (MFC) based sensing was explored to provide for the development of an insitu bioremediation monitoring approach for substrate concentrations and microbial respiration rates. MFC systems were examined in column systems where Shewanella oneidensis MR1 used an external electron acceptor (an electrode) to metabolize lactate (a bioremediation additive) to acetate. Column systems were operated with varying influent lactate concentrations (0-41mM) and monitored for current generation (0.01-0.39mA). Biological current generation paralleled bulk phase lactate concentration both in the influent and in the bulk phase at the anode; current values were correlated to lactate concentration at the anode (R 2=0.9), The electrical signal provided real-time information for electron donor availability and biological activity. These results have practical implications for efficient and inexpensive real-time monitoring of insitu bioremediation processes where information on substrate concentrations is often difficult to obtain and where information on the rate and nature of metabolic processes is neede
Cardiovascular and metabolic demands of the kettlebell swing using a Tabata interval versus a traditional resistance protocol
International Journal of Exercise Science 7(3) : 179-185, 2014. Tabata (TAB) training, consisting of eight cycles of 20 seconds of maximal exercise followed by 10 seconds of rest, is time-efficient, with aerobic and anaerobic benefit. This study investigated the cardiovascular and metabolic demands of a TAB versus traditional (TRAD) resistance protocol with the kettlebell swing. Fourteen young (18-25y), non-obese (BMI 25.7±0.8 kg/m2) participants reported on three occasions. All testing incorporated measurements of HR, oxygen consumption, and blood lactate accumulation. Each participant completed Tabata kettlebell swings (male- 8kg, female- 4.5kg; 8 intervals; 20s maximal repetitions, 10s rest). On a subsequent visit (TRAD), the total swings from the TAB protocol were evenly divided into 4 sets, with 90s rest between sets. Outcome measures were compared using paired t-tests. The TAB was completed more quickly than the TRAD protocol (240.0±0.0 v. 521.5±3.3 sec, P\u3c0.01), at a higher perceived exertion (Borg RPE; 15.1±0.7 v. 11.7±0.9, P\u3c0.01). The TAB elicited a higher average VO2 value (33.1±1.5 v. 27.2±1.6 ml/kg/min, P\u3c0.01), percent of VO2peak achieved (71.0±0.3 v. 58.4±0.3%, P\u3c0.01), maximal HR (162.4±4.6 v. 145.6±4.8 bpm, P\u3c0.01), and post-exercise blood lactate concentration (6.4±1.1 v. 3.7±0.5 mmol/L, P\u3c0.01). Conclusion: The kettlebell swing demonstrated significantly greater cardiovascular and metabolic responses within a TAB vs. TRAD framework. Appropriate screening and risk stratification are advised before implementing kettlebell swings
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Effect of Exposure to Body-Based Imagery on Weight Bias and Body Image Satisfaction in College Students
This study examined the effect of exposure to fat positive exercise images as well as stereotypical fat imagery and stereotypical thin exercise images on participantsâ self-reported weight bias and body image. The study hypothesized that participants exposed to fat positive imagery would exhibit less social distance, fat phobia, and internalized weight bias, along with better body image satisfaction than those exposed to stereotypical or thin imagery. Following randomized exposure to one of four experimental conditions (Fat Positive-No Text, Fat Positive-Text, Stereotypical Fat, and Thin), 185 participants (137 females, 44 males, and 4 non-binary individuals) completed questionnaires assessing social distance, body image state, fat phobia, and internal weight bias. Analyses revealed no significant differences among the four experimental conditions on any of the dependent variables; however, the mean scores on the measures of social distance, body image satisfaction, fat phobia, and internal weight bias trended in the expected directions for the Fat Positive-Text condition. The lack of statistical significance may be due to the small sample size and certain qualities of the relatively homogeneous sample population that need to be addressed in future studies. Nevertheless, the results suggest that additional research on this topic should be conducted.Keywords: body image, fat phobia, psychology, Weight bias, media, fat studies, exerciseKeywords: body image, fat phobia, psychology, Weight bias, media, fat studies, exercis
Antimicrobial resistance spectrum conferred by pRErm46 of emerging macrolide (multidrug)-resistant Rhodococcus equi
Clonal multidrug resistance recently emerged in Rhodococcus equi, complicating the therapeutic management of this difficult-to-treat animal- and human-pathogenic actinomycete. The currently spreading multidrug-resistant (MDR) â2287â clone arose in equine farms upon acquisition, and coselection by mass macrolide-rifampin therapy, of the pRErm46 plasmid carrying the erm(46) macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistance determinant, and of an rpoB(S531F) mutation. Here, we screened a collection of susceptible and macrolide-resistant R. equi strains from equine clinical cases using a panel of 15 antimicrobials against rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) and nocardiae and other aerobic actinomycetes (NAA). R. equi isolatesâincluding MDR onesâwere generally susceptible to linezolid, minocycline, tigecycline, amikacin, and tobramycin according to Staphylococcus aureus interpretive criteria, plus imipenem, cefoxitin, and ceftriaxone based on Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines for RGM/NAA. Susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin was borderline according to European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) criteria. Molecular analyses linked pRErm46 to significantly increased MICs for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and doxycycline, in addition to clarithromycin, within the RGM/NAA panel, and to streptomycin, spectinomycin, and tetracycline resistance. pRErm46 variants with spontaneous deletions in the class 1 integron (C1I) region, observed in â30% of erm(46)-positive isolates, indicated that the newly identified resistances were attributable to the C1Iâs sulfonamide (sul1) and aminoglycoside (aaA9) resistance cassettes and adjacent tetRA(33) determinant. Most MDR isolates carried the rpoB(S531F) mutation of the 2287 clone, while different rpoB mutations (S531L, S531Y) detected in two cases suggest the emergence of novel MDR R. equi strains
INSIGHTS INTO THE HABITAT AND BREEDING BIOLOGY OF THE FEDERALLY ENDANGERED HERBACEOUS PLANT, THALICTRUM COOLEYI, AHLES
Thalictrum cooleyi Ahles (Cooley's meadowrue, Ranunculaceae) is a dioecious species, endemic to fire-dependent, wet pine savannas of the southeastern US. T. cooleyi was listed as federally endangered in 1989; knowledge of habitat and breeding biology are crucial to conservation. I studied NC populations of T. cooleyi and examined (1) woody species associates, (2) breeding system, (3) sex ratios, and (4) potential pollen limitation. I also assessed seed germination requirements and vegetative propagation potential for T. cooleyi. To document woody species associates of Thalictrum cooleyi, I sampled 104-3 mĂÂČ quadrats and measured percent canopy closure, identified woody understory species, and estimated their percent cover. Logistic regression showed that T. cooleyi presence decreased as canopy closure increased. In contrast, T. cooleyi was more likely to occur as woody shrub cover increased. Canopy closure and woody understory cover were not associated with density, total number, and flowering to vegetative ratio of T. cooleyi plants. Only Morella cerifera L. of the woody understory was a significant predictor of T. cooleyi presence (Wald = 13.823, df = 1, P < 0.001). Deviations from strict dioecy are uncommon in Thalictrum cooleyi; only 5% of female plants surveyed had hermaphroditic flowers (n = 375). Sex ratios differed significantly from 1:1 and were male-biased. Despite male-bias, my supplementation experiments found evidence for pollen limitation to seed set. Thalictrum cooleyi seeds are dormant at maturity, requiring cold stratification at 1 Ă°C to break dormancy. Germination rates were higher for seeds that received warm then cold stratification, compared to cold only (33 ñ 0.67% vs. 26.7 ñ 1.76%, respectively). Gibberellic acid can break dormancy without cold stratification. Light exposure during incubation is not a requirement for germination. Overall, germination rates were low ([equal to or less than] 33.3 ñ 0.67%), likely due to low seed viability. Thalictrum cooleyi can be propagated vegetatively from caudex and rhizome divisions. My work supports concerns that habitat loss (i.e., transition of open pine savanna to dense forest), pollen limitation to seed set, and poor seed viability threaten the recovery of Thalictrum cooleyi. Conservation efforts will benefit from this new knowledge on seed germination and vegetative propagation protocols for T. cooleyi.M.S
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Long-term results from unsaturated testing of actinide-doped DWPF and WVDP waste glasses
Results from durability drip tests designed to simulate the unsaturated conditions in the proposed Yucca Mountain Repository are reported for two actinide-doped glasses used as model waste forms. These tests are being conducted with reference glass compositions doped with neptunium, plutonium, and americium from the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) and the West Valley Demonstration Project (WVDP), and have been ongoing for over 8 years. Solution compositions, including transuranics, have been periodically determined, and selected analyses of colloid formation and composition, glass corrosion layers, and solid alteration phases have been obtained by scanning and analytical transmission electron microscopies. The importance of integrated testing has been demonstrated, as complex interactions among the glass, the groundwater, and the sensitized stainless steel have been observed. The cumulative releases of both glass-forming and dopant elements are presented along with identification of reaction phases and their partitioning between solution and solid phases. Alteration phases, including smectite clay, iron silicates, uranium silicates, and calcium thorium phosphate, have been observed forming on the glass and stainless steel and have occasionally been found suspended in solution as colloids. Actinides, except neptunium, concentrate into alteration phases or sorb onto the stainless steel. The subsequent transport of the actinides is then controlled by these phases
Direct simulation of ion beam induced stressing and amorphization of silicon
Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, we investigate the mechanical
response of silicon to high dose ion-irradiation. We employ a realistic and
efficient model to directly simulate ion beam induced amorphization. Structural
properties of the amorphized sample are compared with experimental data and
results of other simulation studies. We find the behavior of the irradiated
material is related to the rate at which it can relax. Depending upon the
ability to deform, we observe either the generation of a high compressive
stress and subsequent expansion of the material, or generation of tensile
stress and densification. We note that statistical material properties, such as
radial distribution functions are not sufficient to differentiate between
different densities of amorphous samples. For any reasonable deformation rate,
we observe an expansion of the target upon amorphization in agreement with
experimental observations. This is in contrast to simulations of quenching
which usually result in denser structures relative to crystalline Si. We
conclude that although there is substantial agreement between experimental
measurements and most simulation results, the amorphous structures being
investigated may have fundamental differences; the difference in density can be
attributed to local defects within the amorphous network. Finally we show that
annealing simulations of our amorphized samples can lead to a reduction of high
energy local defects without a large scale rearrangement of the amorphous
network. This supports the proposal that defects in amorphous silicon are
analogous to those in crystalline silicon.Comment: 13 pages, 12 figure
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