Enseigner dans le supérieur : une approche des formations à la pédagogie par les compétences

De l’école maternelle à l’université, le métier d\u27enseignant se transforme : autonomie et responsabilité accrues, pédagogies différenciées, centration sur les dispositifs et les situations d\u27apprentissage, sensibilité au rapport au savoir, usage des TIC, pratique réflexive, professionnalisation, travail en équipe et par projets, accueil de nouveaux publics…autant d’éléments qui renforcent les pratiques novatrices de formation des enseignants, notamment à l’université, et l’adoption d’une démarche par les compétences du métier d’enseignant. L’université d’Angers a proposé un référentiel de compétences des enseignants en concertation avec toutes les parties prenantes de l’institution, et a défini les formations adaptées, destinées aux enseignants nouvellement recrutés et aux plus expérimentés qui pourront réfléchir sur leurs pratiques pédagogiques et les faire évoluer. Première étape vers une formation pédagogique professionnelle continue, ce plan de formation balise ainsi un passage du statut d’étudiant à celui d’enseignant universitaire professionnel

Corporate social responsibility under the Petroleum Industry Act 2021: achieving environmental sustainability through multi-stakeholder partnership.

Several attempts have been made by the Nigerian government to reform the oil and gas industry. In March 2007, the first attempt to introduce the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Bill was initiated by the late Senator Uche Chwukwumerije, but it failed to pass the second reading. Further attempts to reform the industry in 2009, 2012 and 2018 also failed, until the National Assembly passed the 2021 Petroleum Industry Bill, now known as the Petroleum Industry Act 2021 (PIA). Chapter 3 Section 240 (2) of the PIA has changed the voluntary and self-regulatory element of CSR to "hard" law, by making CSR contribution a mandatory levy on corporations. The authors are of the view that a multi-stakeholder approach and multi-stakeholder framework - comprising host communities, oil and gas companies as well as government - is essential to achieving the broad requirements of CSR in the Nigerian oil and gas industry. In this paper, we analyse this approach in line with the role and challenges of CSR, as provided for under the PIA

A concept for a novel polymer extruder part 2: rotational barrel segment

This paper presents a novel concept of an extrusion machine for polymer plastics, polymer-matrix materials, and food processing applications. The design of the extruder includes a rotational barrel segment to enable kinematic activation in the process of plasticizing the material and improvement in the homogenization level. The tests included a FEM-based numerical analysis of the rotational barrel segment design. The numerical calculations comprised a fully coupled thermal-stress analysis, used to solve a non-linear geometric and physical problem. The numerical calculation results proved that the designed structural parts of the rotational barrel segment had sufficient strength and that the design of the rotational barrel segment was suitable in terms of the required temperature distribution within the structural parts. The numerical calculation tool used in the analysis was ABAQUS , commercially available software

A concept for a novel polymer extruder part 1: active grooved feed section

This paper presents a novel concept for an extruder to be used with plastics and polymer composites, especially in the food industry. The design solutions include a grooved feed section with adjustable geometric parameters, which makes it possible for dynamic adjustment of the depth, inclination angle and number of grooves used for granulate transport during continuous operation of the machine. The proposed grooved feed section concept facilitates optimum performance, and is adjustable to suit the general parameters of production. The scope of our study also included the numerical strength and thermal analysis of the designed grooved feed section, conducted using the finite element method. Numerical calculation involved a coupled temperaturedisplacement analysis which constituted a geometrically and physically non-linear problem. The results corroborated the achievement of satisfactory strength for the structural elements of the grooved feed section in the extruder and demonstrated the suitability of the adopted solution in terms of temperature distribution in the parts of the machine, as well as the correct concept of the rcial program

Characterization of the cofactor-binding site in the SPOUT-fold methyltransferases by computational docking of S-adenosylmethionine to three crystal structures

BACKGROUND: There are several evolutionarily unrelated and structurally dissimilar superfamilies of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet)-dependent methyltransferases (MTases). A new superfamily (SPOUT) has been recently characterized on a sequence level and three structures of its members (1gz0, 1ipa, and 1k3r) have been solved. However, none of these structures include the cofactor or the substrate. Due to the strong evolutionary divergence and the paucity of experimental information, no confident predictions of protein-ligand and protein-substrate interactions could be made, which hampered the study of sequence-structure-function relationships in the SPOUT superfamily. RESULTS: We used the computational docking program AutoDock to identify the AdoMet-binding site on the surface of three MTase structures. We analyzed the sequence divergence in two distinct lineages of the SPOUT superfamily in the context of surface features and preferred cofactor binding mode to propose specific function for the conserved residues. CONCLUSION: Our docking analysis has confidently predicted the common AdoMet-binding site in three remotely related proteins structures. In the vicinity of the cofactor-binding site, subfamily-conserved grooves were identified on the protein surface, suggesting location of the target-binding/catalytic site. Functionally important residues were inferred and a general reaction mechanism, involving conformational change of a glycine-rich loop, was proposed

Une démarche Compétences pour des formations pédagogiques professionnelles dans l’Enseignement Supérieur

Devenu incontournable dans les travaux de recherche sur la pédagogie, le concept de « compétences » connaît un fort succès aux Etats-Unis, au Québec, en Suisse, en France, dans la Communauté française de Belgique et aux Pays-Bas. Largement répandu également en entreprise, ce concept polysémique a contribué à faire évoluer le contenu des formations universitaires, qu’elles soient professionnalisantes ou de recherche. Des curricula se sont multipliés, des référentiels de compétences « professionnelles » ont été définis, des arbres de compétences et des portfolios ont été développés et les certifications professionnelles sont légion… Mais face à cet engouement, pourrait apparaître une forme d’obsession de l’idée de « compétences » au risque d’entraîner une « pensée pédagogique unique » censée servir le politique, l’entreprise et la socialisation économique

Signatures of the disk-jet coupling in the Broad-line Radio Quasar 4C+74.26

Here we explore the disk-jet connection in the broad-line radio quasar 4C+74.26, utilizing the results of the multiwavelength monitoring of the source. The target is unique in that its radiative output at radio wavelengths is dominated by a moderately-beamed nuclear jet, at optical frequencies by the accretion disk, and in the hard X-ray range by the disk corona. Our analysis reveals a correlation (local and global significance of 96\% and 98\%, respectively) between the optical and radio bands, with the disk lagging behind the jet by $250 \pm 42$ days. We discuss the possible explanation for this, speculating that the observed disk and the jet flux changes are generated by magnetic fluctuations originating within the innermost parts of a truncated disk, and that the lag is related to a delayed radiative response of the disk when compared with the propagation timescale of magnetic perturbations along relativistic outflow. This scenario is supported by the re-analysis of the NuSTAR data, modelled in terms of a relativistic reflection from the disk illuminated by the coronal emission, which returns the inner disk radius $R_{\rm in}/R_{\rm ISCO} =35^{+40}_{-16}$. We discuss the global energetics in the system, arguing that while the accretion proceeds at the Eddington rate, with the accretion-related bolometric luminosity $L_{\rm bol} \sim 9 \times 10^{46}$ erg s$^{-1}$ $\sim 0.2 L_{\rm Edd}$, the jet total kinetic energy $L_\textrm{j} \sim 4 \times 10^{44}$ erg s$^{-1}$, inferred from the dynamical modelling of the giant radio lobes in the source, constitutes only a small fraction of the available accretion power.Comment: 9 pages and 6 figures, ApJ accepte

The Enzymatic Activity of Type 1 Iodothyronine Deiodinase (D1) is Low in Liver Hemangioma: A Preliminary Study

Type 1 iodothyronine deiodinase (D1) is a crucial enzyme which converts the prohormone thyroxine (T4) into active tri-iodothyronine (T3). There has been strong evidence that the metabolism of thyroid hormones is disturbed in some neoplastic tissues such as thyroid, renal, and breast cancer. However, there are few available data about D1 enzyme activity in benign tumors such as hemangioma, which is the most common primary liver tumor. Hence this study aimed to determine the enzymatic activity of D1 in hemangiomas in relation to healthy liver tissue. Seven tumors and healthy control tissues were obtained from patients who had liver resection due to hemangioma. The activity was assessed by measurement of radioactive iodine released by deiodination catalyzed by D1. It was found that D1 activity was significantly lower in the hemagiomas than in the healthy surrounding tissue (p = 0.0017). The results indicated that thyroid hormones play important roles not only in the regulation of cell metabolism, but also in cell growth, division, and apoptosis. The active form T3 acts through its nuclear receptors and influences the up- and down-regulation of target genes. Healthy liver tissue expresses a high level of D1, but disturbed D1 activity may result in changes in the local concentration of T3 which may impair gene transcription. These finding demonstrate a low enzymatic activity of D1 in liver hemangioma and suggest an as yet unknown role of thyroid hormones in this type of benign liver tumor