Exploring Characteristics of Condom Use among a College Population

The increasing lack of condom use puts young people at risk for a Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI), which can lead to long term health consequences. This study was administered within Kern County, California. Kern County ranked second worst in California for chlamydia, and fourth worst for primary and secondary syphilis (California Department of Public Health, 2018). The study used archival data from Bakersfield College, which administered the American College Health Care Administrations (ACHA) survey as a need assessments and to drive health education plans. Bakersfield College students (N=1,483) completed the survey of which 36 questions pertained to sexual behavior and condom use. ACHA revealed that aggregated 88% of students (n=1,067) do not regularly or ever use condoms during oral sex. Similarly, 63% students (n=1,084) indicated they do not regularly or ever use condoms during vaginal sex. The study used SPSS analytics to explore condom use and characteristics (i.e, STI information received, sexual behavior, relationships, and/or race). Chi-Square results showed there was no statistically significant difference in condom use in vaginal sex between those who received information on STIs compared to those who did not receive information. However, there was statistically significant difference in condom use for those who reported condom use during anal sex in the last 30 days and received information about STIs, χ2(1) = 4.984, p = .026. The study findings will be used to better inform health education campaigns to promote condom use among the college age population

A 3D radiative transfer framework: VII. Arbitrary velocity fields in the Eulerian frame

A solution of the radiative-transfer problem in 3D with arbitrary velocity fields in the Eulerian frame is presented. The method is implemented in our 3D radiative transfer framework and used in the PHOENIX/3D code. It is tested by comparison to our well- tested 1D co-moving frame radiative transfer code, where the treatment of a monotonic velocity field is implemented in the Lagrangian frame. The Eulerian formulation does not need much additional memory and is useable on state-of-the-art computers, even large-scale applications with 1000's of wavelength points are feasible

On the internal target model in a tracking task

An optimal control model for predicting operator's dynamic responses and errors in target tracking ability is summarized. The model, which predicts asymmetry in the tracking data, is dependent on target maneuvers and trajectories. Gunners perception, decision making, control, and estimate of target positions and velocity related to crossover intervals are discussed. The model provides estimates for means, standard deviations, and variances for variables investigated and for operator estimates of future target positions and velocities

Parallel Implementation of the PHOENIX Generalized Stellar Atmosphere Program

We describe the parallel implementation of our generalized stellar atmosphere and NLTE radiative transfer computer program PHOENIX. We discuss the parallel algorithms we have developed for radiative transfer, spectral line opacity, and NLTE opacity and rate calculations. Our implementation uses a MIMD design based on a relatively small number of MPI library calls. We report the results of test calculations on a number of different parallel computers and discuss the results of scalability tests.Comment: To appear in ApJ, 1997, vol 483. LaTeX, 34 pages, 3 Figures, uses AASTeX macros and styles natbib.sty, and psfig.st

Synthetic Spectra of Hydrodynamic Models of Type Ia Supernovae

We present detailed NLTE synthetic spectra of hydrodynamic SNe Ia models. We make no assumptions about the form of the spectrum at the inner boundary. We calculate both Chandrasekhar-mass deflagration models and sub-Chandrasekhar ``helium detonators.'' Gamma-ray deposition is handled in a simple, accurate manner. We have parameterized the storage of energy that arises from the time dependent deposition of radioactive decay energy in a reasonable manner, that spans the expected range. We find that the Chandrasekhar-mass deflagration model W7 of Nomoto etal shows good agreement with the observed spectra of SN 1992A and SN 1994D, particularly in the UV, where our models are expected to be most accurate. The sub-Chandrasekhar models do not reproduce the UV deficit observed in normal SNe Ia. They do bear some resemblance to sub-luminous SNe Ia, but the shape of the spectra (i.e. the colors) are opposite to that of the observed ones and the intermediate mass element lines such as Si II, and Ca II are extremely weak, which seems to be a generic difficulty of the models. Although the sub-Chandrasekhar models have a significant helium abundance (unlike Chandrasekhar-mass models), helium lines are not prominent in the spectra near maximum light and thus do not act as a spectral signature for the progenitor.Comment: submitted to ApJ, 26 pages, 10 figures, uses LaTeX styles aasms4.sty and natbib.sty Also available at: http://www.nhn.ou.edu/~baron

Practical approach to diastolic dysfunction in light of the new guidelines and clinical applications in the operating room and in the intensive care

There is growing evidence both in the perioperative period and in the field of intensive care (ICU) on the association between left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) and worse outcomes in patients. The recent American Society of Echocardiography and European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging joint recommendations have tried to simplify the diagnosis and the grading of LVDD. However, both an often unknown pre-morbid LV diastolic function and the presence of several confounders—i.e., use of vasopressors, positive pressure ventilation, volume loading—make the proposed parameters difficult to interpret, especially in the ICU. Among the proposed parameters for diagnosis and grading of LVDD, the two tissue Doppler imaging-derived variables e′ and E/e′ seem most reliable. However, these are not devoid of limitations. In the present review, we aim at rationalizing the applicability of the recent recommendations to the perioperative and ICU areas, discussing the clinical meaning and echocardiographic findings of different grades of LVDD, describing the impact of LVDD on patients’ outcomes and providing some hints on the management of patients with LVDD

Differential Step Response of Unipolar Space-Charge-Limited Current in Solids

The small signal step response of unipolar space‐charge‐limited current in solids is analyzed for planar structures and for media in which the drift velocity of the charge carriers is either proportional to the electric field (thermal charge carriers) or is independent of the electric field (hot charge carriers). Results are reported in analytical and graphical form. Their features are discussed in terms of the underlying physical phenomena, as well as in the perspective of experimental applications. Cylindrical and spherical structures are not accessible to closed‐form solutions by the approach

An optimal control model approach to the design of compensators for simulator delay

The effects of display delay on pilot performance and workload and of the design of the filters to ameliorate these effects were investigated. The optimal control model for pilot/vehicle analysis was used both to determine the potential delay effects and to design the compensators. The model was applied to a simple roll tracking task and to a complex hover task. The results confirm that even small delays can degrade performance and impose a workload penalty. A time-domain compensator designed by using the optimal control model directly appears capable of providing extensive compensation for these effects even in multi-input, multi-output problems

On the Spectrum and Nature of the Peculiar Type Ia Supernova 1991T

A parameterized supernova synthetic-spectrum code is used to study line identifications in the photospheric-phase spectra of the peculiar Type Ia SN 1991T, and to extract some constraints on the composition structure of the ejected matter. The inferred composition structure is not like that of any hydrodynamical model for Type Ia supernovae. Evidence that SN 1991T was overluminous for an SN Ia is presented, and it is suggested that this peculiar event probably was a substantially super-Chandrasekhar explosion that resulted from the merger of two white dwarfs.Comment: 1 text, 7 figures, submitted to MNRA