Моделирование семантических отношений в онтологии

В статье рассмотрен подход к моделированию семантических отношений в онтологии, проанализированы теоретические аспекты использования онтологий в семантической паутине. В работе показаны типы связей, присущие онтологиям, дано описание онтологических отношений средствами алгебры конечных предикатов. Приведен пример родо-видового дерева для лексико-семантического класса существительныхThe paper discussed an approach to modeling semantic ontology relationships, analyzed the theoretical aspects of the use of ontologies in the semantic web. The paper shows the types of relationships that are inherent in the ontology, a description of the means of ontological predicates of finite algebra, which will allow to improve the quality of automatic creation of ontologies and automatic replenishment of ontologies. The example of genusspecies tree for the lexical-semantic class of noun

КОМПЛЕКСНАЯ ЛУЧЕВАЯ ДИАГНОСТИКА У НАРКОЗАВИСИМЫХ ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ФОСФОРНЫМИ ОСТЕОНЕКРОЗАМИ ЛИЦЕВОГО СКЕЛЕТА НА ДООПЕРАЦИОННОМ ЭТАПЕ

The purpose. To determine the role of complex radiological diagnostics and diagnostic effectiveness of various radiological methods in drug-dependent patients with phosphorous osteonecrosis of the facial skeleton at the preoperative stage.Materials and methods. The study included 85 drug addicted patients with a diagnosis of toxic phosphorus osteonecrosis of the facial skeleton. In the preoperative period all patients underwent full clinical and radiological examination. Orthopantomography (OPG), skull x-ray, multislice computed tomography (MSCT), cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) were performed in 85 patients (100%) at the preoperative stage. Also, 19 patients (22.4 %) underwent radionuclide diagnostics, which included planar scintigraphy and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Further, all patients underwent surgical treatment to the extent of complete or partial resection of the jaws and other bones of the facial skeleton.Results. According to the data of complex radiological examination at the preoperative stage it was revealed that in 48% (n = 41) cases the osteonecrosis zones were localized in the lower jaw, in 24% (n = 20) in the upper jaw, in 28% (24) patients the pathological process captured both jaws. Also, MSCT and CBCT data revealed the spread of the pathological process to other bones of the facial, in some cases, the brain part of the scull in 25 patients (29.5%). The data of radionuclide diagnostics allowed to reveal the zones of radiopharmaceutical accumulation both in the bones of the skull and outside it. Based on the results of the analysis of the data obtained, the role of complex radiation diagnosis was determined, as well as the diagnostic effectiveness of radiation methods (OPG, X-ray of the skull, MSCT, CBCT) in the examination of drug-dependent patients with phosphoric osteonecrosis of the facial skeleton at the preoperative stage.Conclusion. The complex radiological diagnostics with application of high informative modern methods (MSCT, CBCT, radionuclide diagnostics) is the required step in the evaluation of patients with osteonecrosis of the facial skeleton at the preoperative stage. The diagnostic efficiency parameters for MSCT were: sensitivity – 98.1%, specificity – 99.6%, the accuracy – 98.8%, for CBCT: sensitivity – 97.3%, specificity – 99.1%, accuracy – 98.4%, for OPG: sensitivity – 78.6%, specificity – 76.3%, accuracy – 77.4%, for radiography of the skull: sensitivity – 61.1%, specificity – 59.2%, accuracy – 60.2%.Цель исследования: определить роль комплексной лучевой диагностики и диагностическую эффективность различных лучевых методов у наркозависимых пациентов с фосфорными остеонекрозами лицевого скелета на дооперационном этапе.Материал и методы. В представленное исследование было включено 85 наркозависимых пациентов с диагнозом “токсический фосфорный остеонекроз” лицевого скелета. В предоперационном периоде всем пациентам было выполнено полное клинико-лучевое обследование. Ортопантомография (ОПТГ), рентгенография черепа, мультиспиральная компьютерная томография (МСКТ), конусно-лучевая компьютерная томография (КЛКТ) были проведены 85 (100%) пациентам на дооперационном этапе. Также 19 (22,4%) пациентам была проведена радионуклидная диагностика, включившая в себя планарную сцинтиграфию и однофотонноую эмиссионную компьютерную томографию (ОФЭКТ). Далее всем пациентам было проведено хирургическое лечение в объеме полной или частичной резекции челюстей и других костей лицевого скелета.Результаты. Данные МСКТ и КЛКТ позволили выявить распространение патологического процесса на другие кости лицевого (в ряде случаев мозгового) отдела скелета у 25 (29,5%) пациентов, данные радионуклидной диагностики – зоны накопления радиофармпрепарата как в костях черепа, так и за его пределами. По результатам анализа полученных данных была определена роль комплексной лучевой диагностики, а также диагностическая эффективность лучевых методов (ОПТГ, рентгенографии черепа, МСКТ, КЛКТ) в обследовании наркозависимых пациентов с фосфорными остеонекрозами лицевого скелета на дооперационном этапе.Заключение. Комплексная лучевая диагностика с применением высокоинформативных современных методов (МСКТ, КЛКТ, радионуклидная диагностика) является неотъемлемым этапом обследования пациентов с остеонекрозами лицевого скелета на дооперационном этапе. Показатели диагностической эффективности для МСКТ составили: чувствительность – 98,1%, специфичность – 99,6%, точность – 98,8%, для КЛКТ: чувствительность – 97,3%, специфичность –  9,1%, точность – 98,4%, для ОПТГ: чувствительность – 78,6%, специфичность – 76,3%, точность – 77,4%, для рентгенографии черепа: чувствительность – 61,1%, специфичность – 59,2%, точность – 60,2%

EXPERIENCE IN USING ALTERNATIVE WAYS OF INNOVATIVE MEDICINES DEVELOPMENT

The article discusses the development of drugs using technologies of pharmaceutical alternatives and repositioning.В статье рассматривается разработка лекарственных препаратов с использованием технологий фармацевтической альтернативы и репозиционирования

The Integration of Management Accounting Techniques in the Functional-based Costing System

With the methodological development of cost accounting, there is a transition from the spatial plane of cost grouping, which has traditionally been considered as a “functional” one, to the process evaluation. At the same time, the development of the concept of Functional-Based Costing is making a transition today from grouping costs based on structural units of an enterprise to an integral system of cost accounting methods, based on generalized functional areas of economic processes (such as automation, HR, transport logistics, R&D, compliance etc.). In the economy of an enterprise, they include a much wider range of processes rather than just the work of a specialized structural unit of that enterprise. In contrast to the previously developed costing techniques, which predominantly consisted of the new methods of cost analysis, Functional-Based Costing is not an alternative direction in management accounting methodology but is a synthetic framework that allows to integrate the results of other costing approaches that are already known and researched to date. At the same time, the functional unity of processes and resources allows us to consider the development of the approach both in the context of further dissemination of Resource Consumption Accounting as well as in the context of the development of Life Cycle Costing

POSSIBILITIES OF A STUDENT'S PERSONAL OFFICE AS A DIGITAL RESOURCE: URFU CASE

Цель данной статьи направлена на выявление ключевых полезных функций цифрового личного кабинета студента и выяснение того, насколько полно студенты пользуются потенциалом цифрового профиля. Для этого мы провели исследование, в ходе которого рассматривали личный кабинет, его функции и преимущества, удобство интерфейса и простоту использования. Для увеличения полноты картины мы установили, какими функциями студенты пользуются чаще всего, какие считают не особо важными и о каких даже не знали. Мы считаем, что, поскольку большинство пользователей цифрового профиля не знают и половины возможностей и преимуществ личного кабинета, это является большой проблемой. В статье наглядно показаны все значимые функции личного кабинета и проанализировав каждый его раздел, сделали соответствующие выводы о пользе существования цифрового профиля.The aim of the article is aimed at identifying the key useful functions of a student's digital personal account and finding out how fully students use the potential of a digital profile. To do this, we conducted a study during which we considered a personal account, its functions and advantages, interface convenience and ease of use. To increase the completeness of the picture, we have established which features students use most often, which they consider not very important, and which they did not even know about. We believe that since most users of a digital profile do not know even half of the features and benefits of a personal account, this is a big problem. The article clearly shows all the significant functions of a personal account and, after analyzing each section, draw the appropriate conclusions about the benefits of the existence of a digital profile

Multislice computed tomography in the diagnosis of toxic phosphorus necrosis of the jaw

Objective: to estimate the possibilities of using and systematizing computed tomographic findings in patients with toxic phosphorus necrosis of the jaw.Material and methods. The investigation enrolled 87 patients diagnosed as having toxic phosphorus osteonecrosis. Radiation examination consisted of two stages: primary and repeated radiologic examinations in the postoperative period (final examination before hospital discharge). All the patients underwent skull X-ray and multislice computed tomography (MSCT).Results. Clinical and radiation examination revealed toxic phosphorus osteonecrosis of the maxilla and mandible in 29 (33%) cases. Osteonecrosis affected only the mandible in 40 (46%) cases and only the maxilla in 18 (21%) cases. In all the patients, computed tomography showed main trends in the X-ray semiotics of toxic phosphorus necrosis of the facial skeleton, such as periostitis; osteosclerosis; development a lesion having a “soap-bubble” appearance; nonspecific and inflammatory bone destruction. The bone, being destroyed, was replaced by pus; inflammatory granulations were absent; osteonecrosis occurred. These processes were characterized by the absence of an obvious demarcation zone along the edges of the process. Sequestration commonly occurred to form sinus tracts. The process involved the adjacent bones; there were reactive changes in the accessory sinuses.Conclusion. MSCT data are of highly informative value in evaluating the status of bone tissue and teeth and in detecting a concomitant abnormality in patients with osteonecrosis of the facial skeleton and may be used to plan surgical treatment for this category of patients

Engineering a de Novo Transport Tunnel

Transport of ligands between buried active sites and bulk solvent is a key step in the catalytic cycle of many enzymes. The absence of evolutionary optimized transport tunnels is an important barrier limiting the efficiency of biocatalysts prepared by computational design. Creating a structurally defined and functional “hole” into the protein represents an engineering challenge. Here we describe the computational design and directed evolution of a de novo transport tunnel in haloalkane dehalogenase. Mutants with a blocked native tunnel and newly opened auxiliary tunnel in a distinct part of the structure showed dramatically modified properties. The mutants with blocked tunnels acquired specificity never observed with native family members: up to 32 times increased substrate inhibition and 17 times reduced catalytic rates. Opening of the auxiliary tunnel resulted in specificity and substrate inhibition similar to those of the native enzyme and the most proficient haloalkane dehalogenase reported to date (<i>k</i>_cat = 57 s^–1 with 1,2-dibromoethane at 37 °C and pH 8.6). Crystallographic analysis and molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the successful introduction of a structurally defined and functional transport tunnel. Our study demonstrates that, whereas we can open the transport tunnels with reasonable proficiency, we cannot accurately predict the effects of such change on the catalytic properties. We propose that one way to increase efficiency of an enzyme is the direct its substrates and products into spatially distinct tunnels. The results clearly show the benefits of enzymes with de novo transport tunnels, and we anticipate that this engineering strategy will facilitate the creation of a wide range of useful biocatalysts