Is Brazil really a catholic country? What opinions about abortion, sex between individuals who are not married to each other, and homosexuality say about the meaning of catholicism in three Brazilian cities

The idea of being a Catholic country is quite widespread throughout the nation. What does it mean to be Catholic in Brazil? Do Catholics follow the Catholic Doctrine? The objective of this paper is to investigate the relationship between religion and religious involvement (measured by religious affiliation and service attendance) and opinions about abortion, sex between individuals who are not married to each other, and homosexuality in São Paulo, Porto Alegre, and Recife. Data come from the survey “Spirit and Power: A 10-Country Survey of Pentecostals,” carried out in 2006. Results suggest that Brazilian Catholics are a very heterogeneous group with respect to opinions about abortion and sex between individuals who are not married to each other. In addition, service attendance among Catholics and those opinions are strongly correlated, except for the case of homosexuality, a topic which Catholics tend to have the same opinions about, irrespective of their religious involvement. Committed Protestants are, by far and away, the most conservative group.Brazil

Research Notes: Resistance of soybean lines and cultivars to the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica

In a clayed soil heavy infested with Meloidogyne javanica at Guatapara farm , state of Sao Paulo , 36 soybean cultivars and breeding lines were tested for resistance to this nematode. Plots were constituted of three rows, 3 m long and 0.60 m apart and each plot was bordered on both sides with a row of \u27Davis \u27 cv, the susceptible check. Soybeans were seeded in November, 1979, in a randomized complete block design with eight replications

Periodically rippled graphene: growth and spatially resolved electronic structure

We studied the growth of an epitaxial graphene monolayer on Ru(0001). The graphene monolayer covers uniformly the Ru substrate over lateral distances larger than several microns reproducing the structural defects of the Ru substrate. The graphene is rippled with a periodicity dictated by the difference in lattice parameter between C and Ru. The theoretical model predict inhomogeneities in the electronic structure. This is confirmed by measurements in real space by means of scanning tunnelling spectroscopy. We observe electron pockets at the higher parts of the ripples.Comment: 5 page

Numerical modelling-based damage diagnostics in cultural heritage structures

In this paper, a numerical modelling-based damage diagnostics methodology is proposed for cultural heritage structures (CHSs) made of masonry. Firstly, an integration of 3D documentation data (i.e. point clouds and virtual tours) is developed for the rapid numerical model generation of CHSs. This allows to directly exploit non-comprehensive point clouds (e.g., associated to outer surfaces only) for the solid finite element model generation, where the lacking information is merged with off-site interactive and immersive frameworks. Secondly, a number of nonlinear static and dynamic analyses are conducted on the generated solid model to account for various load scenarios (e.g., earthquakes, soil settlements, etc.), considering a nonlinear continuum constitutive law. Thirdly, a crack pattern matching indicator is introduced to quantitatively identify the most likely load scenario which originated the damage pattern present in the CHS, by comparing numerical and actual crack patterns. The proposed methodology allows to rapidly generate and extract the numerical model that reflects the current (damaged) state of the CHS. This also allows to identify the parts of the CHS susceptible to further damage. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is promisingly assessed on an actual historical masonry structure, the Morris Island lighthouse in South Carolina (USA)

Análise econômica da bananeira "Pacovan Ken" em função de diferentes tensões de água do solo.

O trabalho avaliou economicamente a bananeira ?Pacovan Ken? sob diferentes tensões de água no solo, relacionando os custos de produção obtidos pela aplicação de água e as receitas alcançadas através da produtividade para cada tratamento. O experimento foi realizado em um solo tipo Cambissolo, em Limoeiro do Norte, Ceará, utilizando a cultivar Pacovan Ken irrigada por microaspersão. Os tratamentos consistiram em iniciar as irrigações quando a tensão da água na zona radicular da cultura (0-0,4 m) atingisse -15, -30, -45 e -60 kPa. Três sensores de resistência elétrica tipo matriz granular (modelo Watermark) foram instalados em cada parcela (0,15; 0,30 e 0,50 m). Nas avaliações de produção foram utilizadas quatro plantas situadas na fileira dupla central de cada parcela. Para cálculo do custo da irrigação (Ci) foi adotado apenas o custo de aplicação da água, considerando uma situação hipotética padrão para irrigação de uma área de 5,0 ha. A melhor relação custo/benefício encontrada para a cultivar de banana Pacovan Ken na região estudada foi obtida quando as irrigações eram iniciadas na tensão de água no solo de -15 kPa, apresentando uma menor sensibilidade à variação de preço do produto, além do maior índice de lucratividade

Chuvas intensas em Belém nos últimos cinco anos.

Rainfall characteristics are important to specialists in various fields including agronomists and hydrologists, since rainfall is the major factor controlling agricultural productivity and the hydrologic cycle of a region. However, heavy rainfall is ineffective for agriculture and it causes soil erosion. This paper discusses rainfall characteristics dealing with the largest daily and monthly totals occurred in Belém, during the last five years (1997-2001), comparing to a thirty years period (1967- 1930). In order to analyze these rainfall characteristics, rainfall seasonally and the largest rainfall totals for each month and day in the year were studied. The concept of effective rainfall and the results of water balance calculation were also applied. The mean results indicated that the largest daily rainfall totals occurred during the most wet season and that during the last five years, the largest daily and monthly rainfall totals do not exceed the thirty- year period

Inovação tecnológica com base em nanofribrilas de celulose de casca de pinhão: produção, estudo in vivo e aplicação na área de alimentos.

Resumo. MIPE