Experimental evidence for an intermediate phase in the multiferroic YMnO3

We have studied YMnO$_{3}$ by high-temperature synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction, and have carried out differential thermal analysis and dilatometry on a single crystal sample. These experiments show two phase transitions at about 1100K and 1350K, respectively. This demonstrates the existence of an intermediate phase between the room temperature ferroelectric and the high temperature centrosymmetric phase. This study identifies for the first time the different high-temperature phase transitions in YMnO$_{3}$.Comment: 10 pages 5 figures. New version, Additional data, Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, in Pres

European Strategy for Particle Physics -- Accelerator R&D Roadmap

The 2020 update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics emphasised the importance of an intensified and well-coordinated programme of accelerator R&D, supporting the design and delivery of future particle accelerators in a timely, affordable and sustainable way. This report sets out a roadmap for European accelerator R&D for the next five to ten years, covering five topical areas identified in the Strategy update. The R&D objectives include: improvement of the performance and cost-performance of magnet and radio-frequency acceleration systems; investigations of the potential of laser / plasma acceleration and energy-recovery linac techniques; and development of new concepts for muon beams and muon colliders. The goal of the roadmap is to document the collective view of the field on the next steps for the R&D programme, and to provide the evidence base to support subsequent decisions on prioritisation, resourcing and implementation.Comment: 270 pages, 58 figures. Editor: N. Mounet. LDG chair: D. Newbold. Panel chairs: P. V\'edrine (HFM), S. Bousson (RF), R. Assmann (plasma), D. Schulte (muon), M. Klein (ERL). Panel editors: B. Baudouy (HFM), L. Bottura (HFM), S. Bousson (RF), G. Burt (RF), R. Assmann (plasma), E. Gschwendtner (plasma), R. Ischebeck (plasma), C. Rogers (muon), D. Schulte (muon), M. Klein (ERL

Structures of (5′S)-8,5′-Cyclo-2′-deoxyguanosine Mismatched with dA or dT

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