THE DEVELOPMENT OF LOGICAL THINKING IN JUNIOR STUDENTS THROUGH PROJECT-BASED LEARNING

El artículo da una nueva mirada al método de desarrollo del pensamiento lógico en alumnos de tercer año basado en la correlación entre el modelo original y el que hace posible, a diferencia de los métodos tradicionales, desarrollar el pensamiento del habla, las estructuras intelectuales y las operaciones lógicas de los alumnos de manera más efectiva. . Con la ayuda de los enfoques epistemológico, de actividad sistémica y de entorno, se determina una estrategia para desarrollar el pensamiento lógico de los alumnos a través del aprendizaje basado en proyectos que se basa en la correlación entre el modelo original y el original. Asegura el desarrollo efectivo de a) la actividad intelectual de los escolares b) el pensamiento c) la memoria lógica. El estudio demuestra la efectividad de la tecnología presentada, lo que implica 1) sumergirse en el proyecto, así como especificar sus metas y objetivos; 2) organizar y planificar las actividades de los alumnos; 3) resolver las etapas principales del proyecto; 4) llevar a cabo el proyecto y su presentación; 5) evaluar los resultados. Con base en los datos de la investigación, se destacaron los siguientes criterios: análisis, síntesis, comparación, clasificación, generalización y algunos otros criterios que permitieron determinar tres niveles del desarrollo del fenómeno en cuestión. Nuestro método proporciona una mejora significativa de los resultados de la investigación y garantiza la formación de actividades de investigación, informativas, regulatorias y analíticas de aprendizaje universal (ULA). La evaluación de la efectividad y validez del método propuesto se corrobora mediante cálculos para el criterio de Fisher (criterio φ *). Los resultados comparativos de la investigación antes y después del experimento a alto nivel son 3.564. Los valores empíricos obtenidos de φ * están en el área de significancia. H0 se rechaza (el eje de significancia = 1.64–2.31). Por lo tanto, el método en cuestión tiene un grave impacto en el desarrollo del pensamiento lógico a través del aprendizaje basado en proyectos de alumnos menores.O artigo analisa o método de desenvolver o raciocínio lógico em alunos juniores com base na correlação entre o original e o modelo e possibilita, diferentemente dos métodos tradicionais, desenvolver o raciocínio, estruturas intelectuais e operações lógicas dos alunos de maneira mais eficaz. Com o auxílio das abordagens epistemológicas, de atividade sistêmica e do meio, é determinada uma estratégia para o desenvolvimento do pensamento lógico dos alunos por meio da aprendizagem baseada em projetos, baseada na correlação entre o original e o modelo. Garante o desenvolvimento efetivo de a) atividade intelectual das crianças em idade escolar b) pensamento c) memória lógica. O estudo comprova a eficácia da tecnologia apresentada, que implica 1) imersão no projeto, além de especificar suas metas e objetivos; 2) organização e planejamento das atividades dos alunos; 3) elaboração das principais etapas do projeto; 4) realização do projeto e sua apresentação; 5) avaliando os resultados. Com base nos dados da pesquisa, foram destacados os seguintes critérios: análise, síntese, comparação, classificação, generalização e outros critérios que permitiram determinar três níveis de desenvolvimento do fenômeno em questão. Nosso método fornece uma melhoria significativa dos resultados da pesquisa e garante a formação de atividades de aprendizagem universais (ULAs) informativas, regulatórias e analíticas. A avaliação da eficácia e validade do método proposto é corroborada por cálculos para o critério de Fisher (critério φ *). Os resultados comparativos da pesquisa antes e após o experimento em alto nível são 3.564. Os valores empíricos obtidos de φ * estão na área de significância. H0 é rejeitado (o eixo de significância = 1.64-2.31). Assim, o método em questão tem um sério impacto no desenvolvimento do pensamento lógico através da aprendizagem baseada em projetos de alunos juniores.The article takes a new look at the method of developing logical thinking in junior students based on the correlation between the original and the model and making it possible, unlike traditional methods, to develop students’ speech thinking, intellectual structures, and logical operations more effectively. With the aid of the epistemological, systemic-activity, and milieu approaches, a strategy for developing students’ logical thinking through project-based learning that is premised on the correlation between the original and the model is determined. It ensures the effective development of a) schoolchildren’s intellectual activity b) thinking c) logical memory. The study proves the effectiveness of the presented technology, that implies 1) immersing in the project as well as specifying its goals and objectives; 2) organizing and planning students’ activities; 3) working out the main stages of the project; 4) carrying out the project and its presentation; 5) evaluating the results. Based on the research data, the following criteria were singled out analysis, synthesis, comparison, classification, generalization, and some other criteria, which allowed determining three levels of the development of the phenomenon in question. Our method provides for a significant improvement of the results of the research and ensures the formation of research, informational, regulatory, and analytical universal learning activities (ULAs). The assessment of the effectiveness and validity of the proposed method are corroborated by calculations for the Fisher’s criterion (φ*-criterion). The comparative results of the research before and after the experiment at the high level are 3.564. The obtained empirical values of φ * are in the area of significance. H0 is rejected (the significance axis = 1.64–2.31). Thus, the method in question has a serious impact on the development of logical thinking through project-based learning of junior students

Transfer of 0-order coherence matrix along spin-1/2 chain

In this work, we study transfer of coherence matrices along spin-1/2 chains of various length. Unlike higher order coherence matrices, 0-order coherence matrix can be perfectly transferred if its elements are properly fixed. In certain cases, to provide the perfect transfer, an extended receiver together with optimized its unitary transformation has to be included into the protocol. In this work, the asymptotic perfectly transferable 0-order coherence matrix for an infinitely long chain is considered and deviation of a perfectly transferred state from this asymptotic state is studied as a function of the chain length for various sizes of the extended receiver. The problem of arbitrary parameter transfer via the nondiagonal elements of the 0-order coherence matrix is also considered and optimized using the unitary transformation of the extended receiver.Comment: 32 pages, 5 figure

Oral ibandronate for the treatment of metastatic bone disease in breast cancer: efficacy and safety results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background: We report the first results of a randomized trial assessing a new oral aminobisphosphonate, ibandronate, in patients with bone metastases from breast cancer. Patients and methods: Patients (n = 435) received placebo, or oral ibandronate 20 mg or 50 mg once-daily for 96 weeks. The primary efficacy measure was the number of 12-week periods with new bone complications [skeletal morbidity period rate (SMPR)]. Multivariate Poisson regression analysis assessed the relative risk reduction of skeletal-related events. Secondary efficacy analyses included bone pain and analgesic use. Adverse events were monitored. Results: SMPR was significantly reduced with oral ibandronate [placebo 1.2, 20 mg group 0.97 (P = 0.024), 50 mg group 0.98 (P = 0.037)]. Ibandronate 50 mg significantly reduced the need for radiotherapy (P = 0.005 versus placebo). The relative risk of skeletal events was reduced by 38% (20 mg dose) and 39% (50 mg dose) versus placebo (P = 0.009 and P = 0.005). The tolerability profile of ibandronate was similar to placebo. Conclusions: Oral ibandronate is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for metastatic bone disease. The 50 mg dose is being further evaluated in clinical trials, and this dose was recently approved in the European Union for the prevention of skeletal events in patients with breast cancer and bone metastase

Use of case reports and the Adverse Event Reporting System in systematic reviews: overcoming barriers to assess the link between Crohn’s disease medications and hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma

BACKGROUND: To identify demographic and clinical characteristics associated with cases of hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTCL) in patients with Crohn’s disease, and to assess strength of evidence for a causal relationship between medications and HSTCL in Crohn’s disease. METHODS: We identified cases of HSTCL in Crohn’s disease in studies included in a comparative effectiveness review of Crohn’s disease medications, through a separate search of PubMed and Embase for published case reports, and from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS). We used three causality assessment tools to evaluate the relationship between medication exposure and HSTCL. RESULTS: We found 37 unique cases of HSTCL in patients with Crohn’s disease. Six cases were unique to the published literature and nine were unique to AERS. Cases were typically young (<40 years of age) and male (86%). The most commonly reported medications were anti-metabolites (97%) and anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNFa) medications (76%). Dose and duration of therapy were not consistently reported. Use of aminosalicylates and corticosteroids were rarely reported, despite the high prevalence of these medications in routine treatment. Using the causality assessment tools, it could only be determined that anti-metabolite and anti-TNFa therapies were possible causes of HSTCL in Crohn’s disease based on the data contained in the case reports. CONCLUSION: Systematic reviews that incorporate case reports of rare lethal events should search both published literature and AERS, but consideration should be given to the limitations of case reports. In this study, establishing a causative effect other than ‘possible’ between anti-metabolite or anti-TNFa therapies and HSTCL was not feasible because case reports lacked data required by the causality assessments, and because of the limited applicability of causality assessment tools for rare irreversible events. We recommend minimum reporting requirements for case reports to improve causality assessment and routine reporting of rare life-threatening events, including their absence, in clinical trials to help clinicians determine whether rare adverse events are causally related to a medication

On the Theory of Quantum Oscillations of the Elastic Moduli in Layered Conductors

In this paper we study theoretically how the local geometry of the Fermi surface (FS) of a layered conductor can affect quantum oscillations in the thermodynamic observables. We introduce a concrete model of the FS of a layered conductor. The model permits us to analyze the characteristic features of quantum oscillatory phenomena in these materials which occure due to local anomalies of the Gaussian curvature of the FS. Our analysis takes into account strong interaction among quasiparticles and we study the effect of this interaction within the framework of Fermi-liquid theory. We show that the Fermi-liquid interaction strongly affects the density of states of quasiparticles (DOS) on the FS. As a result DOS can have singularities near the peaks of its oscillations in a strong magnetic field. These singularities can be significantly strengthened when the FS of the layered conductor is locally flattened. This can lead to magnetic and lattice instabilities of a special kind which are considered in the final part of the work.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures, minor changes in the title are made, published versio