Corrigendum to �Reliability of digital photography for assessing lower extremity alignment in individuals with flatfeet and normal feet types� J. Bodyw. Mov. Ther. 21 (2017) 704�710(S1360859216302790)(10.1016/j.jbmt.2016.12.006)

The authors regret that affiliation b was incorrect in the published paper �Reliability of digital photography for assessing lower extremity alignment in individuals with flatfeet and normal feet types� Journal of Bodywork & Movement Therapies 21 (2017) 704�710. This affiliation is correct above. The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused. © 201

Aloe barbadensis: how a miraculous plant becomes reality

Aloe barbadensis Miller is a plant that is native to North and East Africa and has accompanied man for over 5,000 years. The aloe vera plant has been endowed with digestive, dermatological, culinary and cosmetic virtues. On this basis, aloe provides a range of possibilities for fascinating studies from several points of view, including the analysis of chemical composition, the biochemistry involved in various activities and its application in pharmacology, as well as from horticultural and economic standpoints. The use of aloe vera as a medicinal plant is mentioned in numerous ancient texts such as the Bible. This multitude of medicinal uses has been described and discussed for centuries, thus transforming this miracle plant into reality. A summary of the historical uses, chemical composition and biological activities of this species is presented in this review. The latest clinical studies involved in vivo and in vitro assays conducted with aloe vera gel or its metabolites and the results of these studies are reviewed

In vitro Evaluation of Some Different Brands of Alprazolam Tablets

Alprazolam belongs to a group of medicines called benzodiazepines. These medicines are thought to work by their action on brain chemicals. Alprazolam has sedative effects and is used to treat: (i) Anxiety and (ii) Panic attacks. The results obtained in this research by various HPLC analyses and other physicochemical tests have shown that alprazolam tablets manufactured by Dr. Abidi and Poursina Pharmaceutical Companies of Iran have the standard limits acceptable by the internationally well known Pharmacopoeia such as USP and can satisfy the needs of patients quite well and are quite comparable with Xanax® of USA and Apo-Alpraz® of Canada

Complexes of Naproxen and Ibuprofen with 6A-deoxy-b-cyclodextrin

At pD 6·80 in D2O containing 0·10 mol dm-3 phosphate buffer, the association constants of the complexes of Naproxen and Ibuprofen with 6A-amino-6A-deoxy-β-cyclodextrin are 810±200 and 8900±2100 mol-1 dm3 , respectively, while those of the corresponding complexes with β-cyclodextrin are 940±170 and 8800±1800 mol-1 dm3 , respectively. A 2D-ROESY experiment shows that Naproxen includes lengthwise in the substituted cyclodextrin, with the reverse orientation to that of the complex with β-cyclodextrin. The orientation in the host{guest complex of the substituted cyclodextrin results in the alignment of the host amino substituent and the guest carboxy group, which at this pD are predominantly protonated and deprotonated, respectively. The similarity in the association constants of the complexes of Naproxen indicates that any stabilization provided by interactions between the ionic groups in the complex of the substituted cyclodextrin is offset by other factors, such as the extent of desolvation of the host and guest.Alamdar Ashnagar, P. Tin Culnane, Christopher J. Easton, Jason B. Harper and Stephen F. Lincol

Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties of Dental Adhesives Containing Metal Nanoparticles

Statement of problem: Secondary dental caries is a common clinical finding in composite restoration. The development of a bactericidal dental adhesive provides a promising method to reduce the risk of secondary caries. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the antibacterial activity of silver (Ag) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles incorporated into an experimental dentin bonding agent formulation. Materials and Methods: Ag and TiO2 nanoparticles at 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 1 wt% concentrations were incorporated into the adhesives. The suspensions were sonicated to ensure homogenous dispersion of nanoparticles in the adhesive system. Formulation was composed of acetone, 2,2-bis[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropoxy)phenyl]propane (Bis-GMA), 1,6-bis-[2-methacryloyloxyethyl carbonyl amino]-2,4,4-trimethylhexane (UDMA), trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and photoinitiator, with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as the stabilizer. We counted the colony-forming units (CFU%) of two cariogenic bacteria, Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus), that were exposed to the powdered light cured adhesive specimens. The effects of various concentrations of each nanoparticle were compared by one-way ANOVA, followed by the post hoc Bonferroni test. Results: All samples exhibited definite antibacterial activity (P<0.05) compared to the control specimens. The Ag nanoparticle samples showed higher antibacterial properties compared to the TiO2 nanoparticle samples. Increasing the concentration of nanoparticles resulted in significant differences in bactericidal properties, with the exception of 0.2 to 0.5 wt% Ag nanoparticle specimens exposed to S. mutans and the 0.2 to 0.5 wt% TiO2 nanoparticle specimens exposed to L. acidophilus. Conclusions: These metal-based nanoparticles exhibited dose-dependent bactericidal activities. The Ag nanoparticles had higher antibacterial activity compared to the TiO2 nanoparticles. Incorporation of these nanoparticles into dental adhesives is a promising way to reduce the risk of secondary caries. However, further clinical evaluations should be performed

Ultrasound evaluation of the quadriceps muscles in pronated foot posture

Objective: The main goal of this study was to investigate the size of all portions of the quadriceps muscles in individuals with pronated foot posture compared to normal foot posture using ultrasound imaging. Design: Twenty nine females with pronated foot posture and 29 age-, body weight-, body height-matched females with normal foot posture were recruited from university communities. The muscle thicknesses of the rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis (VM), vastus medialis oblique (VMO), vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus intermedius (VI) were measured using ultrasound imaging. Results: The thicknesses of the RF and VMO were significantly smaller in individuals with pronated foot posture compared to normal foot posture (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the VM, VL, and VI muscle thicknesses in both groups. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, it seems that besides the foot and lower leg muscles, an integrated assessment of proximal knee muscles, especially quadriceps, is required in individuals with pronated foot posture. © 2019 Elsevier Lt

Quadriceps architecture in individuals with patellofemoral pain: A systematic review

Objectives: To identify differences in architectural parameters (size, fiber/pennation angle, fiber length, and echogenicity) of the quadriceps muscle, as a whole or any individual part of it, using imaging techniques in individuals with patellofemoral pain (PFP) compared to contralateral, asymptomatic limb or separate control group. Background: Quadriceps muscles imbalance and weakness were proposed as risk factors for developing PFP. Although the muscle architecture (size, pennation/fiber angle and fiber length) is highly associated with skeletal muscle strength, it is not clear whether atrophy or any changes in architectural parameters of the quadriceps are presented in the PFP patients. Methods: Observational studies in which the total size of the quadriceps or individual parts of it were measured using imaging techniques in the PFP patients were included in this review. Electronic databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, PEDro, CINAHL, WOS, and EMBASE) were searched between January 1990 and December 2019 with no restriction of language. Study selection and data extraction and quality assessment were conducted by two independent reviewers. Results: Five cross-sectional studies were eligible to include in this review. Three out of five included studies that assessed the total size of the quadriceps and reported no significant differences between the PFP and healthy control group. Two out of five of the studies assessed the total size of the quadriceps between the symptomatic and asymptomatic limb of the PFP patients and reported the statistical difference between limbs. Only one study measured the fiber angle of the VMO muscle at the patella. Controversial results were found between studies that assessed the size of individual parts of the quadriceps. Conclusion: Due to the controversial results of the included studies, this systematic review failed to draw a conclusion on the role of quadriceps atrophy in PFP pathology. The limitation in PFP literature considering pennation/fiber angle, echogenicity and fiber length of individual parts of the quadriceps muscle, rises the need for research that focuses on the biomechanical properties of the quadriceps in PFP patients. © 2020 Elsevier Lt