Fazlur Rahman

Fazlur Rahman yang telah mengenyam pendidikan tradisional di Asia Selatan dan sekaligus modern di Eropa, pernah mengalami pertentangan yang hebat di dalam dirinya antara prisip dan nilai sistem pendidikan yang pertama dan yang belakangan. Namun pertentangan tersebut pada akhirnya justru melahirkan kekuatan tersendiri dalam diri Rahman. Suatu kekuatan untuk membangun metodologinya yang khas untuk memahami Islam, baca al-Qur\u27an. Baginya, al-Qur\u27an adalah \u27gudang yang unik bagi jawaban­jawaban terhadap semua jenis persoalan\u27 yang dihadapi Umat Islam. Ia bahkan percaya bahwa semua tradisi memerlukan revitalisasi dan pembahanaan yang konstan. Dalam upaya revitalisasi, reformasi dan revitalisasi tersebut, ia mengingatkan bahwa suatu teori atau doktrin biasa dikatakan Islam sejauh ia mengalir dari ajaran total al-Qur\u27an dan Sunnah. Gagasan-gagasan mengenai ini semua bias ditangkap dengan jelas dalam karya-karya utamanya seperti Major Themes of the Qur \u27an, Islam, Islamic Methodology in History, dan Islam and Modernity: Transformation of Intelektual Tradition. Sedangkan karya Rahman yang lain secara lengkap bisa dilihat pada bagian akhir tulisan ini.Tulisan ini mencoba mengeksplorasi gagasan Rahman, sebagai seorang neo-modemis, yang berkaitan tidak saja sejarah perkembangan dan pembentukan pemikirannya, tetapi juga metodologi yang dibangunnya untuk memahami Islam dan persoalan yang dihadapi umatnya pada masa sekarang ini secara benar dan utuh. Oleh karenanya persoalan teologis yang menjadi minat utamanya adalah persoalan yang mempunyai relevansi kekinian. Menurutnya studi tentang kebangkitan dan pembaharuan dalam Islam menunjukkan bahwa faktor moral bukannya faktor teologis yang menjadi latar depan

Determining the effective constitutive parameters of finite periodic structures: photonic crystals and metamaterials

Cataloged from PDF version of article.A novel approach to find the effective electric and A novel approach to find the effective electric and magnetic parameters of finite periodic structures is proposed. The method uses the reflection coefficients at the interface between a homogenous half-space and the periodic structure of different thicknesses. The reflection data are then approximated by complex exponentials, from which one can deduce the wavenumber, and the effective electric and magnetic properties of the equivalent structure by a simple comparison to the geometrical series representation of the generalized reflection from a homogenous slab. Since the effective parameters are for the homogenous equivalent of the periodic structure, the results obtained are expected to be independent of the number of unit cells used in the longitudinal direction. Although the proposed method is quite versatile and applicable to any finite periodic structure, photonic crystals and metamaterials with metallic inclusions have been used to demonstrate the application of the method in this paper. © 2008 IEEE

Determination of heavy metal content in commercial marine fish hunted from southeast Aegean Sea (Turkey) and their potential risk for public health

In this study, heavy metals such as Al, Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, Pb etc. content in liver, muscle and gill of three economical marine species [striped seabream (Lithognathus mormyrus Linneaus, 1758), two-band bream (Diplodus vulgaris Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) and Common pandora (Pagellus erythrinus Linneaus, 1758)] obtained from 4 stations (Fethiye, Bodrum, Datça, Marmaris) in South Aegean coast were analyzed. After tissues were mineralized with wet-ashing, their heavy metal concentrations were measured with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). According to the findings, sediment samples had more heavy metals than water samples and none of heavy metal concentrations in the water samples exceeded national legal limits. Furthermore it was reported that the accumulation of heavy metal in liver and gill was the highest whereas in muscle the proportion was the lowest. Results showed that the mean concentration of the studied heavy metals in muscle tissues did not pose a risk in terms of public health in comparison with the international standards

Empirical Analysis of Pre-Paid and Post-Paid Mobile Subscription in Turkey

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de mobil telefon aboneliğinde faturalı ve faturasız hat tercihinin belirleyicileri incelenmektedir. Abone karakteristikleri ile abonelik türü (faturasız – faturalı hat) tercihi arasındaki ilişki ikili lojistik regresyon kullanılarak analiz edilmektedir. Analizlerde kullanılan veriler 2009 üçüncü çeyrekte yapılan anket sonucunda elde edilmiştir. Sonuçlar abonelik tercihi ile kullanılan bağımsız değişkenler arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğunu göstermektedir. Analizler neticesinde ankete katılan bireylerin tercihleri üzerinde bu bireylerle aynı hanedeki diğer bireylerin tercihlerinin önemli etkileri olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, bulunan sonuçlar, mobil telefonlarını genellikle konuşma ve internete girmek için kullanan abonelerin faturalı hat tercih etme olasılığının yüksek olduğunu gösterirken, faturasız hat tercih eden abonelerin ise mobil telefonlarını çoğunlukla kısa mesaj gönderme ve mobil telefon oyunları oynamak için kullanmaktadırlar.This paper investigates the determinants of pre-paid and post-paid mobile phone subscriptions in Turkey. The binary logit analysis is employed to explore the relationship between the subscribers’ characteristics and their subscription type i.e. pre-paid or post-paid. The data used in the analysis relies on a survey carried out during 2009-Q3. The results indicate that there is a statistically significant relationship between the subscription type choice and the dependent variables. It is found that the choices of the other members living in the respondents’ household have significant effect on the decisions of the subscribers. The results also show that the subscribers who use their phones mainly for mobile calls and for surfing on internet are more likely to have a post-paid subscription while the pre-paid users usually use their phones for short messages and for playing games on their mobile phones

Empirical Analysis of Pre-Paid and Post-Paid Mobile Subscription in Turkey

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de mobil telefon aboneliğinde faturalı ve faturasız hat tercihinin belirleyicileri incelenmektedir. Abone karakteristikleri ile abonelik türü (faturasız – faturalı hat) tercihi arasındaki ilişki ikili lojistik regresyon kullanılarak analiz edilmektedir. Analizlerde kullanılan veriler 2009 üçüncü çeyrekte yapılan anket sonucunda elde edilmiştir. Sonuçlar abonelik tercihi ile kullanılan bağımsız değişkenler arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğunu göstermektedir. Analizler neticesinde ankete katılan bireylerin tercihleri üzerinde bu bireylerle aynı hanedeki diğer bireylerin tercihlerinin önemli etkileri olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, bulunan sonuçlar, mobil telefonlarını genellikle konuşma ve internete girmek için kullanan abonelerin faturalı hat tercih etme olasılığının yüksek olduğunu gösterirken, faturasız hat tercih eden abonelerin ise mobil telefonlarını çoğunlukla kısa mesaj gönderme ve mobil telefon oyunları oynamak için kullanmaktadırlar.This paper investigates the determinants of pre-paid and post-paid mobile phone subscriptions in Turkey. The binary logit analysis is employed to explore the relationship between the subscribers’ characteristics and their subscription type i.e. pre-paid or post-paid. The data used in the analysis relies on a survey carried out during 2009-Q3. The results indicate that there is a statistically significant relationship between the subscription type choice and the dependent variables. It is found that the choices of the other members living in the respondents’ household have significant effect on the decisions of the subscribers. The results also show that the subscribers who use their phones mainly for mobile calls and for surfing on internet are more likely to have a post-paid subscription while the pre-paid users usually use their phones for short messages and for playing games on their mobile phones

Optimal interval and duration of CAM-ICU assessments for delirium detection after cardiac surgery

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to determine when postoperative delirium first occurs, and to assess evaluation strategies that reliably detect delirium with lowest frequency of testing. DESIGN: This was a retrospective study that used a database from a five-center randomized trial. SETTING: Postoperative cardiothoracic ICU and surgical wards. PARTICIPANT: Adults scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass and/or valve surgery. INTERVENTION AND MEASUREMENTS: Postoperative delirium was assessed using CAM-ICU questionnaires twice daily for 5 days or until hospital discharge. Data were analyzed using frequency tables and Kaplan-Meier time-to-event estimators, the latter being used to summarize time to first positive CAM-ICU over POD1-5 for all patients for various evaluation strategies, including all assessments, only morning assessment, and only afternoon assessments. Sensitivity for various strategies were compared using McNemar\u27s test for paired proportions. MAIN RESULTS: A total of 95 of 788 patients (12% [95% CI, 10% to 15%]) had at least 1 episode of delirium within the first 5 postoperative days. Among all patients with delirium, 65% were identified by the end of the first postoperative day. Delirium was detected more often in the mornings (10% of patients) than evenings (7% of patients). Compared to delirium assessments twice daily for five days, we found that twice daily assessments for 4 days detected an estimated 97% (95% CI 91%, 99%) of delirium. Measurements twice daily for three days detected 90% (82%, 95%) of delirium. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative delirium is common, and CAM-ICU assessments twice daily for 4 days, versus 5 days, detects nearly all delirium with 20% fewer assessments. Four days of assessment may usually be sufficient for clinical and research purposes

Symptomatic Giant Cavernous Haemangioma of the Liver: Is Enucleation a Safe Method?

Twenty-three patients with symptomatic giant hemangioma of the liver were treated by surgery between 1979 and 1996 at the department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Çukurova. Twenty-three enucleations were performed in 21 patients, left lateral segmentectomy in one patient and enucleation plus left lobectomy in one patient. The tumors were enucleated along the interface between the hemangioma and normal liver tissue. The diameters of the tumors ranged from 5×5 to 25×15 cm. The mean blood loss for enucleations was 525 ml (range 500–1000 ml). There was no mortality and no postoperative bleeding. Three patients had postoperative complications. Enucleation is the best surgical technique for symptomatic giant hemangioma of the liver. It may be performed with no mortality, low morbidity and the preservation of all normal liver parenchyma

Determination of some nutritional compositions of roe samples of the edible sea urchin Paracentrotus Lividus (Lamarck, 1816) in the Dardanelles (Marmara Sea)

In this study, the nutritional composition of gonad samples of Paracentrotus lividus collected from three different stations in the Sea of Marmara (Dardanelles) and the Northern Aegean Sea, Bozcaada Island during the summer season of 2012 was investigated. As a purpose of the research, the effect of total carotenoids and free radical-scavenging activity assay of three different extracts (methanol, acetone and chloroform extracts) have been determined. Total carotenoids were found to range between 131 and 179 mu g/g of sea urchin. The current study shows that the highest inhibition was found as 99.1 (%) in methanolic extract sampled from Tuzburnu (the first station). Macro (Ca, Na, K and Mg) and micro (Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) mineral composition of urchins was specified by ICP-OES. Results show that sea urchin was found to be rich in total carotenoids, antioxidant capacity, macro and micro minerals

Economic Impacts of Expected Istanbul Earthquake: Scenario Generation

3rd International Conference on Basic Sciences, Engineering and Technology, ICBASET 2023 -- 27 April 2023 through 30 April 2023 -- -- 303059It is difficult to make precise estimations about the time, location, and magnitude of earthquakes which can cause significant consequences such as massive casualties and economic losses. Although the earthquakes cannot be prevented, minimization of losses can be achieved with effective disaster management. In this study, four most likely scenarios that are put forward by the geological engineers and scientists are evaluated to illustrate the potential impacts of a possible earthquake. Therefore, effects of an earthquake on physical damage, sectoral growth and post-earthquake government expenditures, tax revenues, investments, imports, and exports are numerically estimated. Additionally, since Istanbul has an intense economic relations and workforce flow beyond its borders, it is evaluated as a whole with Kocaeli and Tekirdağ provinces. The impact of the earthquake is privatized on the basis of Istanbul, Kocaeli and Tekirdağ districts. Considering the location of the fault lines and length of breaks, it is thought that different districts would be affected by the earthquake in different degrees, and impacts of scenarios are created in this direction. Damage rates in different districts due to different magnitudes are predicted by taking 17 August 1999 Izmit Bay Earthquake as a basis. As a result of this study, the damage rates of the building stock and industrial facilities, number of casualties, sectoral and expenditure change rates in the districts of Istanbul, Tekirdağ and Kocaeli are determined. In addition, the change rates in physical, sectoral, and expenditure areas are also reflected on the rest of Türkiye. Thus, the results obtained from the scenarios will help to generate certain policy strategies after the earthquake and contribute to reducing economic, social, and physical damage. © 2023 Published by ISRES.121k925? This study has been funded by TÜBİTAK-1001 “Special Call for Earthquake Research”, Project Number: 121k925, Project Title: Analysing the Dynamic Impacts of the Expected Istanbul Earthquake on the Economy of Istanbul: An Input-Output Economic Model Integrated to a System Dynamics Model

Distance laboratory applications ERRL: A study on radio communication in electronic field

In the last decade, the effect of internet usage in education is gradually increased. When we look from academic perspective, the new technologies provided alternatives for students learning. As distance education becomes important everyday, the indispensable elements of teaching and education, laboratories must be reachable via remote connection. Consequently, the education that is going to be given to the students will be more flexible with respect to place and time constraints and students can reach laboratory facilities at any time and anywhere not only in lectures and practical hours. In this study, European Remote Radio Laboratory (ERRL) which is a distance remote Radio Frequency (RF) laboratory designed for electrical-electronics students, is described generally. The software architecture, infrastructure and experiment that can be done with a remote connection have been described