Phase transitions and phase diagram of the ferroelectric perovskite NBT-BT by anelastic and dielectric measurements

The complex elastic compliance and dielectric susceptibility of (Na_{0.5}Bi_{0.5})_{1-x}Ba_{x}TiO_{3} (NBT-BT) have been measured in the composition range between pure NBT and the morphotropic phase boundary included, 0 <= x <= 0.08. The compliance of NBT presents sharp peaks at the rhombohedral/tetragonal and tetragonal/cubic transitions, allowing the determination of the tetragonal region of the phase diagram, up to now impossible due to the strong lattice disorder and small distortions and polarizations involved. In spite of ample evidence of disorder and structural heterogeneity, the R-T transition remains sharp up to x = 0.06, whereas the T-C transition merges into the diffuse and relaxor-like transition associated with broad maxima of the dielectric and elastic susceptibilities. An attempt is made at relating the different features in the anelastic and dielectric curves to different modes of octahedral rotations and polar cation shifts. The possibility is also considered that the cation displacements locally have monoclinic symmetry, as for PZT near the morphotropic phase boundary.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

The View of Russian Students on Whether Psychology is a Science

The Psychology as Science Scale (Friedrich, 1996) was administered to 525 psychology students from nine Russian universities to assess their beliefs about the nature of the discipline. About half of students (49.6%) generally agreed that psychology may be called a scientific discipline. Specifically, 71. 5% of the students agreed that psychology is a natural science, similar to biology, chemistry, and physics, 39. 9% of students agreed that psychological research is important and training in psychological methodology is necessary, and 43.1% of students agreed that human behavior is highly predictable. Students who took three methodology courses shared significantly stronger beliefs in the need for psychological research and the importance of training in methodology compared to students who did not take any methodology courses. Furthermore, students with a specialist degree had significantly stronger beliefs that psychology is a science compared to students who have just finished school. In terms of the effect of students’ career aspirations, students who wanted to be academic psychologists and clinicians had significantly stronger beliefs that psychology is a science compared to students who did not have clarity about their future careers. Regardless of the study limitations, these findings have potential implications for Russian psychology instructors

Speeding Strings

There is a class of single trace operators in ${\cal N}=4$ Yang-Mills theory which are related by the AdS/CFT correspondence to classical string solutions. Interesting examples of such solutions corresponding to periodic trajectories of the Neumann system were studied recently. In our paper we study a generalization of these solutions. We consider strings moving with large velocities. We show that the worldsheet of the fast moving string can be considered as a perturbation of the degenerate worldsheet, with the small parameter being the relativistic factor $\sqrt{1-v^2}$. The series expansion in this relativistic factor should correspond to the perturbative expansion in the dual Yang-Mills theory. The operators minimizing the anomalous dimension in the sector with given charges correspond to periodic trajectories in the mechanical system which is closely related to the product of two Neumann systems.Comment: v3: added a reference to the earlier wor

Use of accelerated helium-3 ions for determining oxygen and carbon impurities in some pure materials

Methods are developed for the determination of O impurity in Be and Si carbide and concurrent determination of C and O impurities in Si and W by irradiation with accelerated He-3 ions and subsequent activity measurements of C-11 and F-18 formed from C and O with the aid of a gamma-gamma coincidence spectrometer. Techniques for determining O in Ge and Ga arsenide with radiochemical separation of F-18 are also described

Regulator adaptive possibilities in patients with generalized anxiety disorder

The article represents the study results of regular adaptive possibilities in patients with (generalized anxiety disorder) GAD. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the Hamilton anxiety scale. Patients with mild and moderate levels of anxiety had satisfactory regular adaptive possibilities, and bad possibilities in case of severe anxiety. Assessment of regular adaptive status reflects the severity of GAD

Authorities of Employees of the Inquiry Bodies at the Stage of Excitation of Criminal Case

The article is devoted to the problem of uncertainty in the question of the subjects of a criminal case that primarily relates to the division of inquiry, because the criminal procedure legislation of the Russian Federation allows both verification of crime reports, and making the results of this activity the decisions of division of inquiry. In practice there are cases when accepted the final decision about refusal in excitation of criminal case employees of division of inquiry, including materials about the crimes of the defendants to the investigators. Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation does not contain the term employees of division of inquiry, in that time, their position, rights and duties are very diverse, often preference is given to departmental interests. This practice has developed largely because of the contradictions inside existing criminal procedure legislation and the simultaneous action of many job descriptions and regulations, rules which the employees of division of inquiry often give priority. The article examines these contradictions, and also departmental orders precluding the uniform application of the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation in the decision of a question on excitation or refusal in excitation of criminal case

Formación de la legislación sobre el seguro de pensiones en Francia, el Reino Unido y Rusia. Una retrospectiva

The relevance of the study is due to the crisis of modern pension insurance systems and the need to change the paradigm of pension legislation development. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the formation of legislation on pension insurance in several countries (France, Great Britain, and Russia) at the initial stage of development (before 1914). The novelty is expressed both in the formulation of the problem and in the research methodology (the choice of countries and the period of research, the justification for the use of methods: dialectics, analysis, synthesis, system-structural, sociological, statistical, historical-legal, comparative-legal, formal-legal). The result of the study was the conclusions about the historical conditionality of the peculiarities of the formation of legislation on pension insurance in a particular country. There was early legalization of both voluntary and compulsory pension insurance in France. There was no legislation on pension insurance in the UK during the period under review, despite the early development of relevant institutions in the framework of workshops, guilds, and later in the framework of trade unions and “friendly societies”. In Russia, due to the agrarian nature of the economy, pension insurance did not develop within the framework of workshops and guilds; there were no laws on insurance in case of old age by 1914, while the risks of disability and loss of the breadwinner were regulated by law.El estudio analiza la crisis de los sistemas modernos pensionales y establece la necesidad de cambiar el paradigma de la legislación de pensiones. El objetivo del estudio consiste en identificar las características de la legislación sobre los seguros pensionales de varios estados (Francia, Reino Unido y Rusia) partiendo de su etapa inicial hasta 1914. La novedad se expresa tanto en la formulación del problema como en la metodología de investigación (selección de países y período de estudio, justificación de la aplicación de los métodos: dialéctico, de análisis, de síntesis, sistémico-estructural, sociológico, estadístico, histórico-legal, comparativo-legal, formal-legal). Como resultado del estudio se llegó a conclusiones sobre el condicionamiento histórico de las características de la formación de la legislación sobre el seguro de pensiones de un país en particular. En Francia, se promulgó una legislación temprana sobre el seguro de pension voluntario y también obligatorio en Francia. En el Reino Unido, durante el período que se examina, no había legislación sobre seguros de pensiones, a pesar del desarrollo temprano de las instituciones pertinentes dentro de los talleres, gremios y, posteriormente, dentro de la actividad de los sindicatos y las «sociedades fraternales». En Rusia, debido a la naturaleza agraria de la economía, el seguro de pensiones en el marco de los talleres y gremios nunca funcionó; en 1914 se adolecía de leyes sobre el seguro de vejez, mientras que los riesgos de discapacidad y la pérdida del sostén de la familia se regulaban por ley

On stress/strain state in a rotating disk

In the framework of mechanics of continuum bodies, the problem of stress/strain state in a high-speed rotating disk of constant thickness has been considered. The material of the disk is assumed to be homogeneous, elastic/perfectly-plastic. In the plastic zone, the stresses and plastic strains are related by some associated law similar to the one employed in deformation theory of plasticity. The general algorithm of the solution covers any smooth plasticity function. At some steps of the algorithm, it is possible to get analytical expressions, particularly, for the quadratic Mises yield criterion. For the given model, the notion of control parameters (external and internal) has been introduced. The allowable boundaries of external parameters have been defined as well. For some states of the disk, the coherent values of external parameters have been obtained. The results are represented graphically to show various states of the disk. The usage of piecewise plasticity functions has been briefly discussed. The results obtained can be used in preliminary engineering design and related numerical codes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio