Religion, environmental ethics and global climate change

In the past two decades, the global environment and community worldwide has reached great compromise that human activities for government earning more economically are causing changes to the global climate. Increased levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4)' sulphur dioxide (SO2) and other greenhouse gases in the last century have raised temperatures around the planet, as diminishing glaciers, melting icecaps, and record-breaking heat waves support evidence. Records show that surface temperatures have risen about lAO F (0.7 0c) since the early twentieth centuty, and that about 0.9 OF (0.5 0c) of this increase has occurred since 1978. There were some observed changes in oceans, ecosystems, and ice cover are consistent with this warming trend. Unless of course,the mission, vision and ethics are strategies, average global temperatures will probably increase by several degrees Celsius in the next few years, with disastrous environmental consequences: desertification, flood of low-lying coastal areas, an increase in powerful hurricanes, decreased agricultural productivity, and loss of biodiversity. Although there remain some scientific uncertainties and disagreements about the extent of expected temperature increases, the magnitude of the environmental impacts, and how to mitigate global warming, there is now believe that humanity plays a significant role in changing the climate

Hawking temperature of rotating charged black strings from tunneling

Thermal radiations from spherically symmetric black holes have been studied from the point of view of quantum tunneling. In this paper we extend this approach to study radiation of fermions from charged and rotating black strings. Using WKB approximation and Hamilton-Jacobi method we work out the tunneling probabilities of incoming and outgoing fermions and find the correct Hawking temperature for these objects. We show that in appropriate limits the results reduce to those for the uncharged and non-rotating black strings

Lung Transplantation in a Patient with COVID-19-Associated Acute Respiratory Failure

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently a significant cause of acute respiratory failure worldwide, leading to irreversible fibrotic lung disease. In patients with persistent respiratory failure after acute COVID-19 infection, lung transplant is an emerging option. Here, we have presented a case where the patient required venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) support for 33 days until a bilateral lung transplant was performed on day 71 after the initial COVID-19 infection. The early outcomes have been favorable. Currently, no guidelines exist for an acceptable time period after initial COVID-19 infection, duration of negative COVID polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, or negative Vero cell culture in the setting of persistent positive COVID PCR testing before listing for a lung transplant. Due to a lack of standardized guidelines, this patient was not listed for a lung transplant until the COVID-19 PCRs came negative on days 47 and 49 after the infection

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Mint (Mentha) essential oil

Natural products of plant origin, such as essential oils have great benefit for human life. The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of mint (mentha) essential oil (EO). The EO obtained by steam distillation and their constituents were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The disc diffusion method was used for the determination of the antimicrobial activity. In the antimicrobial activity, the concentrations of 3.75, 7.5, 15, 30, 60μg/mL of mint essential oil were prepared and tested against four microbes; one Gram-positive: Staphylococcus aureus; two Gram-negative: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia; and one fungal strain, Candida albicans. The oil content was 0.05% (v/w) and the GC-MS analysis led to the identification 42 components, the major components were found to be, Carvone (53.06%), D-limonene (25.65%), and Eucalyptol (2.56%). The inhibition zones of the oil were compared with standard ciprofloxacin. The results showed that the remarkable inhibition of the bacterial growth against the tested organisms. The microbial activity of mint essential oil was due to the presence of various secondary metabolites. Therefore, may warrant further research to determine the bioactive compound(s)

Environmental and safety: Sustainable development

Great number of verses in Qura’n and multiple sayings of the Prophet Muhammad indicate the great importance that has been given to safety. Qur’an and Sunnah are the certainty that is never mixed with doubt, the light that dissipates darkness and the correct guidance that repels misguidance and prevents loss and failure for all of mankind. Allah (SWT) says: “Verily, this Qur’an guides to that which is most just and right.” (17:9). The concept of safety issue as of sustainable development in Islam can be defined as “absolute safety of mankind in his-self, property, blood and wealth in addition to the balanced and simultaneous realization of consumer welfare, economic efficiency, attainment of social justice, and safe of socially interactive based process”. Based on teaching of Islam, the universe has been created by Allah (God) with a specific purpose and for a limited time to enjoy and survive. The paper will highlight sustainability of safety to mankind in consuming all natural resources – land, water, air, fire (energy), forests, oceans – that considered the right and the joint property of the entire humankind. Since Man is Khalifatullah (the vicegerent of Allah) on earth, he should take all preventive measure to ensure the interests and rights of others, and regard his mastery over his allotted piece of land as a joint ownership with the next generation

Effect of fermentation process on nutritional composition of condiments from seeds of P. Biglobosa, G. max and H. sabdariffa

Huge amount of foreign reserve is spent annually on the import of food flavours into Nigeria despite the fact that traditional condiments also suitably play the same role as imported food flavours. In this study, the proximate and mineral composition of local condiment ‘Daddawa’ produced by the fermentation of the seeds of locust beans (Parkia biglobosa), soya beans (Glycine max) and roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) was determined by the AOAC methods. The lipid values for the three seeds range from 8.10±0.07 to 10.30±0.03% with H. Sabdariffa having the highest value. The crude protein value was 11.70±0.19% for P. biglobosa, 10.70±0.32% for H. Sabdariffa and 9.50±0.25 % for G. max. P. biglobosa had the highest value for carbohydrate (by difference) which was 70.50±0.35% when compared to the least value of 61.10±0.2 for H. sabdariffa. Potassium was the highest mineral with a value of 3923.3±0.38% for P. biglobosa, 3433.3±0.40 for H. Sabdariffa and 2666.6±0.30% for G. max. Calcium and magnesium were low in all the seeds with least value for calcium observed in H. sabdariffa (0.4±0.01%) while G. max had least value of 0.1±0.09% for magnesium. Although, potassium was the highest mineral, the value increased in the fermented seeds to a range of 5566.6±0.30 to 9433.3±0.35% and H. sabdariffa had the highest value of with a value of 9433.3±0.35% and the least value of 5566.6±0.30 for P. biglobosa. Glycine max had the highest value of 933.3±0.33% for sodium while P. biglobosa had the least value of 60.8±0.30%. Magnesium was the lowest mineral even after the fermentation of the seeds with a range of 0.3±0.03 to 0.8±0.01%. Uncontrolled fermentation of the three seeds increased some proximate composition of the condiments

Complication rate and diagnostic yield of percutaneous native kidney biopsies: A 10-year experience at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan

The use of an automated biopsy device, and real-time ultrasound for percutaneous kidney biopsies (PKBs) has improved the likelihood of obtaining adequate tissue for diagnosis and also has reduced the complications associated with the procedure. We aimed to determine the frequency and type of complications associated with PKB and to determine the diagnostic yield. It was a retrospective file-based review of cases who underwent PKB of native kidney between January 2003 and December 2013 at the Aga Khan University Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. PKBs were performed by trained nephrologists or radiologists using an automated device with a 16/18-gauge needle under real-time ultrasound. The data obtained included age, gender, clinical and histopathological diagnosis, and complications associated with the procedure (minor: hematuria, local infections, and hematoma; major: transfusions, severe infections, surgery, nephrectomy, arteriography, embolism, and death. Yield of the procedure was based on the number of glomeruli obtained. Patients having major complications were compared with the patients who had minor or no complications. A total of 433 native kidney biopsies were performed. The mean age of the patients was 41 ± 15.9 years, and 58% of the patients were male. The main histological findings were membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (17.6%) followed by focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (16.4%) and interstitial nephritis (13.9%). Majority of the procedures were performed by nephrologists (67.4%). The overall complication rate was 14.2%. Among those, 21 patients (4.8%) had a major complication while the others had minor complications. Of those who had a major complication, 17 patients required blood transfusion(s) and had hematuria or a major hematoma, three had prolonged hospitalization \u3e24 hours, and one patient required surgical intervention. Only 10 procedures (2.3%) had inadequate tissue to establish the histopathologic diagnosis. PKB under real-time ultrasound guidance is a safe and efficacious procedure to establish the histological diagnosis of the renal disease

Levels, trends, and inequalities in using institutional delivery services in low- and middle-income countries: a stratified analysis by facility type

Introduction: To ensure equitable and accessible services and improved utilization of institutional delivery it is important to identify what progress has been achieved, whether there are vulnerable and disadvantaged groups that need specific attention and what are the key factors affecting the utilization of institutional delivery services. In this study, we examined levels, trends, and inequalities in the utilization of institutional delivery services in low- and middle-income countries. Methods: We used nationally representative cross-sectional data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted during 1990–2018. Bayesian linear regression analysis was performed. Results: Among 74 countries, the utilization of institutional delivery services ranged from 23.7% in Chad to 100% in Ukraine and Armenia (with >90% in 19 countries and <50% in 13 countries) during the latest DHS rounds. Trend analysis in 63 countries with at least 2 surveys showed that the utilization of institutional delivery services increased in 60 countries during 1990–2018, with the highest increase being in Cambodia (18.3%). During this period, the utilization of institutional delivery services increased in 90.3% of countries among the richest, 95.2% of countries in urban, and 84.1% of countries among secondary+ educated women. The utilization of institutional delivery services was higher among wealthiest, urban, and secondary+ educated women compared to their counterparts. Greater utilization of private facilities for delivery was observed in women from the highest income group and urban communities, whereas highest utilization of public facilities was observed for women from the lowest income group and rural communities. Conclusions: The utilization of institutional delivery services varied substantially between and within countries over time. Significant disparities in service utilization identified in this study highlight the need for tailored support for women from disadvantaged and vulnerable groups

Study the effect of adding vulcanized rubber powder on the mechanical properties and fire retardant of polyurethane Sealant.

The polyurethane Sealant (TRITOSIL H10 PU) mechanical and combustion characteristics were examined in this study as a function of the weight ratio of tire rubber powder (waste), with a particle volume of (150 μm). Elongation, tensile strength, Young's modulus, compressive strength, and rate of burning time were a few of the characteristics examined. The results showed that adding filler decreases the spaces between the chains of polymer, reflecting the polymer's high ability to withstand the stress imposed on it, that the degree of homogeneity between each of the fillers and polymers is high, and that increasing the percentage of fillers gives the prepared models a slight increase in hardness at a percentage increase (25%). Based on research into combustion resistance, The results of the experiments showed that increasing the amount of used filler has a positive impact on heat diffusion through the polymeric matrix and flame resistance. The use of filler as a filler has an impact on the properties of the polyurethane polymer, which has high mechanical properties. This increases tensile strength, which makes it appropriate to cover the flooring of indoor playgrounds, kids' playrooms, and other spaces. &nbsp

An optimal energy management system for real-time operation of multiagent-based microgrids using a T-cell algorithm

The real-time operation of the energy management system (RT-EMS) is one of the vital functions of Microgrids (MG). In this context, the reliability and smooth operation should be maintained in real time regardless of load and generation variations and without losing the optimum operation cost. This paper presents a design and implementation of a RT-EMS based on Multiagent system (MAS) and the fast converging T-Cell algorithm to minimize the MG operational cost and maximize the real-time response in grid-connected MG. The RT-EMS has the main function to ensure the energy dispatch between the distributed generation (DG) units that consist in this work on a wind generator, solar energy, energy storage units, controllable loads and the main grid. A modular multi-agent platform is proposed to implement the RT-EMS. The MAS has features such as peer-to-peer communication capability, a fault-tolerance structure, and high flexibility, which make it convenient for MG context. Each component of the MG has its own managing agent. While, the MG optimizer (MGO) is the agent responsible for running the optimization and ensuring the seamless operation of the MG in real time, the MG supervisor (MGS) is the agent that intercepts sudden high load variations and computes the new optimum operating point. In addition, the proposed RT-EMS develops an integration of the MAS platform with the Data Distribution Service (DDS) as a middleware to communicate with the physical units. In this work, the proposed algorithm minimizes the cost function of the MG as well as maximizes the use of renewable energy generation; Then, it assigns the power reference to each DG of the MG. The total time delay of the optimization and the communication between the EMS components were reduced. To verify the performance of our proposed system, an experimental validation in a MG testbed were conducted. Results show the reliability and the effectiveness of the proposed multiagent based RT-EMS. Various scenarios were tested such as normal operation as well as sudden load variation. The optimum values were obtained faster in terms of computation time as compared to existing techniques. The latency from the proposed system was 43% faster than other heuristic or deterministic methods in the literature. This significant improvement makes this proposed system more competitive for RT applications