Historia de la creación de la Constitución de 1972 : personalidades y sucesos

El trabajo está enfocado a investigar desde las fuentes directas de aquellos que hace 50 años tuvieron el encargo de redactar la actual Constitución política de la República de Panamá. Para ello se busca retroceder hasta los inicios históricos constitucionales que han regido este istmo, trazando aquellos hechos que han repercutido en el forjar constitucional hasta llegar a la actual Carta Magna; seguidamente el punto principal de este trabajo que son las entrevistas a los personajes que tuvieron una participación directa de la actual Constitución. Además, revisar los documentos oficiales e ir a los sitios históricos donde se creó; por último, se hace una lectura de los hechos inaugurales por medio de los anales oficiales

HIV Knowledge and Risk Behaviors Among Older Church-Affiliated Blacks

A grant from the One-University Open Access Fund at the University of Kansas was used to defray the author's publication fees in this Open Access journal. The Open Access Fund, administered by librarians from the KU, KU Law, and KUMC libraries, is made possible by contributions from the offices of KU Provost, KU Vice Chancellor for Research & Graduate Studies, and KUMC Vice Chancellor for Research. For more information about the Open Access Fund, please see http://library.kumc.edu/authors-fund.xml.There is an emerging population of older adults living with HIV, and among them, Black older adults experience the greatest burden of the disease. This is a growing public health concern, as older adults are disproportionately diagnosed at a later stage of the disease, while reporting similar risk factors as younger adults. It has also been shown that the Black Church is well positioned to offer health screenings. Thus, this study aimed to assess HIV knowledge, beliefs, and risk behaviors of older church-affiliated Black adults. Data were collected from a sample of Black adults (N = 543) from four predominately Black churches in Kansas City, MO. Participants were surveyed on measures assessing demographic characteristics, HIV knowledge and attitudes, and HIV testing and risk behaviors. Results indicated that compared to younger Black adults, Black older adults were less knowledgeable about the transmission of HIV and were less willing to be tested for HIV in church settings. However, there was no significant difference on the perceived seriousness of HIV in the community. Results further showed that Black older adults were less likely to use condoms/barriers during the past 6 months and over their lifetime. We discuss the implications of results for HIV intervention programs.National Institute of Mental HealthNIMH K01 MH082640

Teachers’ Perceptions on Women in STEM: Breaking the Stereotypes

Drawing on an online professional development modular course that addressed critical approaches to the issues of race, immigration, English Language Learners (ELLs)/Emerging Bilinguals (EBs), and gender and sexual orientation, this paper reports teachers’ perceptions on gender stereotypes in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education. In particular, building on the course readings, we discuss teachers’ emergent approaches to address gender stereotypes in teaching practice that improve girls\u27 participation in STEM fields. Data is collected from a pre-course survey and teachers’ discussions during the course. Centering on the course readings from theoretical and empirical research that address gender issues, discussion prompts were used to elicit teachers’ insights on gender stereotypes in education. A thematic analysis method was then employed to discuss strategies for challenging gender stereotypes in teaching practice from teachers’ discussion posts. Teachers recognize that gender stereotypes have been embedded in the social norms that influence teachers’ practice in an underlying way. Three promising strategies are identified to address gender stereotypes in STEM education, including integrating role models into the curriculum, developing a growth mindset, and promoting justice classroom discourse. We also discussed ways to support teachers in addressing gender stereotypes in their practices

Appréciation de la qualité bactériologique de la viande et des abats de taurillons fraîchement abattu dans les abattoirs de Rabat

Le présent travail porte sur l'évaluation de la qualité hygiénique de la viande et des abats de taurillons abattus dans les abattoirs de Rabat. Les prélèvements ont concerné 80 échantillons de muscle (diaphragme), de foie, de reins et de ganglions lymphatiques mésentériques, provenant de 20 carcasses de taurillons. L'évaluation microbiologique a porté sur le dénombrement de la flore mésophile aérobie totale et des coliformes fécaux, ainsi que sur la recherche deSalmonella et de Yersinia enterocolitica. Les charges bactériennes moyennes enregistrées au niveau des abats et du muscle sont assez importantes et témoignent d'une hygiène défectueuse au moment de la préparation des viandes. Trois isolats de Yersinia enterocolitica ont été détéctés dans 2 des 20 carcasses analysées (soit une prévalence de 10%). Deux isolats ont été trouvés dans les ganglions lymphatiques mésentériques et le troisième dans le diaphragme. Cependant, Salmonella n'a été retrouvée dans aucun prélèvement

Teaching Emergent Bilinguals: How In-service Teachers’ Perception of First Language Acquisition Theories Inform Practice

Different writers, linguists, and researchers present nuances in language acquisition theories. However, few studies explore in-service teachers’ voices in such discourses. It is, therefore, imperative to explore the voices of in-service teachers in such narratives as they teach emergent bilinguals (EBs) and culturally and linguistically diverse students. This paper examined how in-service teachers perceive First Language Acquisition (FLA) theories and how those perceptions influence teaching EBs and informing classroom practice. Centering on Freeman and Freeman’s discussion of five FLA theories (imitation, reinforcement, behaviorist, social interaction, active construction, connectionist), we argue that in-service teachers’ perceptions of first language acquisition theories impact how they teach and engage EBs in their classrooms. Findings show that in-service teachers consider the social interaction theory most beneficial to students’ language development. However, the precariousness of FLA theories makes it challenging for them to determine the best approach to teaching EBs. Additionally, teacher education programs and critical professional development (PD) courses are instrumental in fostering understanding and robust pedagogical mindsets and preparing teachers to meet the needs of emergent bilinguals. &nbsp

The influence of migration on dietary practices of Ghanaians living in the United Kingdom: A qualitative study

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have identified a process of dietary acculturation when migrant groups adopt the food patterns of the host country. AIM: The aim of this study was to explore the influence of migration on dietary practices and the process of dietary acculturation amongst Ghanaians living in the UK. SUBJECT AND METHODS: A qualitative study of adults aged ≥ 25yrs (n = 31) of Ghanaian ancestry living in Greater Manchester using face to face interviews. Participants varied in socioeconomic status, gender and migration status. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. RESULTS: Three distinct dietary practice typologies were discernible that differed in terms of typical meal formats, meal contexts, structure and patterning of meals, food preparation and purchasing behaviours: i. continuity practices; ii. flexible practices; and iii. changed practices. The identified practices were shaped by interrelating factors that fell into four main clusters: social and cultural environment; accessibility of foods; migration context; and food beliefs/perceptions. CONCLUSION: Participants retained, to a varying degree, some aspects of Ghanaian dietary practices whilst adopting key features of UK food culture. This study demonstrates the complexity of dietary change, indicating that it is not a linear process and it is dependent on several factors

Crafting, Communality, and Computing: Building on Existing Strengths To Support a Vulnerable Population

In Nepal, sex-trafficking survivors and the organizations that support them have limited resources to assist the survivors in their on-going journey towards reintegration. We take an asset-based approach wherein we identify and build on the strengths possessed by such groups. In this work, we present reflections from introducing a voice-annotated web application to a group of survivors. The web application tapped into and built upon two elements of pre-existing strengths possessed by the survivors -- the social bond between them and knowledge of crafting as taught to them by the organization. Our findings provide insight into the array of factors influencing how the survivors act in relation to one another as they created novel use practices and adapted the technology. Experience with the application seemed to open knowledge of computing as a potential source of strength. Finally, we articulate three design desiderata that could help promote communal spaces: make activity perceptible to the group, create appropriable steps, and build in fun choices.Comment: 14 pages, 1 figure. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'20