Technology "Debate" as a tool for communicative competence development

The task of a modern university is to produce a highly qualified and competent specialist, ready for independent implementation of professional activities. Communicative competence is one of the fundamental in such preparation. The purpose of the article is to review the experience of implementing the Debate technology as an effective means of developing communicative competence of future vocational training teachers. The article focuses on the specifics of their future activities, its features and conditions, as well as their role in the field of professional education. The teacher of vocational training carries out pedagogical, educational-production and organizational-methodological activities in students training in secondary vocational schools. The basis for the implementation of his professional activity is the construction of effective interaction in the classroom between the teacher and students. For this, future teachers of vocational training must master communicative competence which is one of the main components of their future activities success. The article reveals features of the "Debate" and their capabilities in students’ training. The study allowed us to check the level of communicative competence development in dynamics, as well as to identify the level of students' motivation before using the Debate technology and after. Based on the data obtained, we can talk about the effectiveness of technology implementation. "Debate" provides ample opportunities for students to develop interaction skills, conduct constructive dialogue, select arguments, effective interaction strategies, the ability to balance emotional stress during the discussion, the ability to speak in public and other skills that contribute to the development of communicative competence and provide highly qualified specialist training

Average time scale for Dome Fuji ice core, East Antarctica

Three different approaches to ice-core age dating are employed to develop a depth-age relationship at Dome F: (1) correlation of the ice-core isotope record to the geophysical metronome(Milankovich surface temperature cycle) inferred from the deep borehole temperature profile at Vostok,(2) importing a known chronology from another(Devils Hole) paleoclimatic signal, and(3) direct ice sheet flow modeling. Inverse Monte Carlo sampling is used to constrain the accumulation rate reconstruction and ice flow simulations in order to find the best-fit glaciological time scale matched with the two other chronologies. General uncertainty of the different age estimates varies from 2 to 6kyr on average and reaches 6-14kyr at maximum. Whatever the causes of this discrepancy might be, they are thought to be of different origins, and the age errors are assumed to be independent. Thus, the average time scale for the Dome F ice core down to a depth of 2500m(ice age of 335kyr) is deduced consistently with all three age-depth relationships within the standard deviation limits of ±3.3kyr, and its accuracy is estimated as 1.4kyr on average. The constrained ice-sheet flow model allows extrapolation of the ice age-depth curve further to the glacier bottom and predicts the ages at depths of 2800, 3000, and 3050m to be 615±70, 1560±531, and 2985±1568kyr, respectively

Vostok (Antarctica) ice-core time-scale from datings of different origins

Three different approaches to ice-core age dating are employed to develop a depth-age relationship at Vostok, Antarctica: (1) correlating the ice-core isotope record to the geophysical metronome (Milankovich surface temperature cycles) inferred from the borehole temperature profile, (2) importing a known chronology from another (Devils Hole, Nevada, USA) paleoclimatic signal, and (3) direct ice-sheet flow modeling. Inverse Monte Carlo sampling is used to constrain the accumulation-rate reconstruction and ice-flow simulations in order to find the best-fit glaciological time-scale matched with the two other chronologies. The general uncertainty of the different age estimates varies from 2 to 6 kyr on average and reaches 6-15 kyr at maximum. Whatever the causes of this discrepancy might be, they are thought to be of different origins, and the age errors are assumed statistically independent. Thus, the average time-scale for the Vostok ice core down to 3350 m depth is deduced consistent with all three dating procedures within the standard deviation limits of ± 3.6kyr, and its accuracy is estimated as 2.2 kyr on average. The constrained ice-sheet flow model allows, at least theoretically, extrapolation of the ice age-depth curve further to the boundary with the accreted lake ice where (at 3530 m depth) the glacier-ice age may reach ∼2000 kyr

Socio-gaming technology in the development of students’ personality

In response to modern needs of the labor market in highly qualified specialists capable of independent and creative activities, higher education institutions are developing professional competence of students using various innovative technologies that contribute to enhancing students' cognitive position. The implementation of modern educational technologies in the system of vocational education is a necessity dictated by the conditions of a competency-based educational paradigm. The peculiarity of educational technology as an effective means of forming professional competence is to ensure the guaranteed achievement of goals. In preparing a student for professional activity, technologies that allow a student to be immersed in conditions as close as possible to professional ones are of particular relevance. The advantage of socio-gaming technologies implementation consists both in revealing a student’s capabilities, his potential, including each of them in the educational process, and in shaping students' ability to master the norms and rules of behavior in society. The purpose of the article is to review the experience of implementing socio-gaming technologies in the training of students of higher educational institutions. Communicative competence is one of the most significant elements of preparing students for both professional activities and life in society. The article presents a study to verify the level of formation of communicative competence. The level was established according to certain criteria related to inclusion in the learning process, building effective interaction with other students. Statistical analysis showed the effectiveness of the technology under consideration. An additional survey of students made it possible to establish that the game contributes to their active involvement in educational process and construction of effective communication with classmates

Исследование олеогеля на основе компонентов Helianthus annuus L. и Rosmarinus officinalis L. в качестве фритюрного жира

The aim of this study was to study the oxidation resistance and functional properties of oleogels based on high oleic oil and wax from Helianthus annuus L. with the addition of a natural complex antioxidant — an extract from Rosmarinus officinalis L. and lecithin from Helianthus annuus L. — when used as a frying medium for French-fries. High oleic sunflower oil was structured into an oleogel with sunflower wax at a dosage of 5%. Studies were carried out to determine the possibility of replacing the synthetic antioxidant tert-butylhydroquinone at a dosage of 200 mg/kg with a natural antioxidant based on rosemary extract and sunflower lecithin in an oleogel with a defoamer. It was determined that the introduction of sunflower wax increased the induction period of high-oleic sunflower oil by 1.6 times, and the additional introduction of defoamer and antioxidants increased this figure by 1.8–2 times. The rate of accumulation of oxidation products in oil, which is characterized by the level of total polar materials, decreased when wax and antioxidants were added. The degree of thermal oxidation most quickly reached the limit value in oil without additives; in oleogels, it significantly decreased. The introduction of sunflower wax into oil contributed to a noticeable decrease in the absorption of oil by potatoes: fried in oleogel, it absorbed 34–38% less oil than fried in oil without additives. The addition of 0.07% rosemary extract with sunflower lecithin to the oleogel increased the operating time of frying oil by at least 2 times, approximately the same as that of the oleogel with tert-butylhydroquinone. This makes it possible to replace the synthetic antioxidant in deepfrying oleogel with natural rosemary extract with sunflower lecithin. The developed oleogel is a frying oil that has a longer service life and allows you to get fried products with a lower amount of fat.Целью настоящего исследования являлось изучение устойчивости к окислению и функциональных свойств олеогелей на основе высокоолеинового масла и воска из Helianthus annuus L. с вводом натурального комплексного антиокислителя — экстракта из Rosmarinus officinalis L. и лецитина из Helianthus annuus L. — при использовании их в качестве жарочной среды для картофеля-фри. Высокоолеиновое подсолнечное масло было структурировано в олеогель подсолнечным воском в дозировке 5%. Проводили исследования по определению возможности замены синтетического антиокислителя трет-бутилгидрохинона в дозировке 200 мг/кг на натуральный антиокислитель на основе экстракта розмарина и подсолнечного лецитина в олеогеле с пеногасителем. Было определено, что внесение подсолнечного воска увеличило индукционный период высокоолеинового подсолнечного масла в 1.6 раза, а дополнительный ввод пеногасителя и антиокислителей увеличил данный показатель уже в 1.8–2 раза. Скорость накопления продуктов окисления в масле, характеризующаяся уровнем общих полярных веществ, при внесении воска и антиокислителей снижалась. Степень термического окисления быстрее всех достигла предельного значения в масле без добавок, в олеогелях она заметно снижалась. Введение в масло подсолнечного воска способствовало заметному снижению впитываемости масла картофелем: обжаренный в олеогеле, он впитывал на 34–38% меньше масла, чем обжаренный в масле без добавок. Внесение в олеогель 0.07% экстракта розмарина с подсолнечным лецитином увеличивало время эксплуатации фритюрного жира не менее чем в 2 раза примерно также, как и у олеогеля с трет-бутилгидрохиноном. Это дает возможность произвести замену синтетического антиокислителя в олеогеле для фритюра на натуральный экстракт розмарина с подсолнечным лецитином. Разработанный олеогель является фритюрным жиром, имеющим более длительный срок эксплуатации и позволяющим получать обжаренные продукты с более низким количеством жира

Wastewater treatment electroplating plants from ions of copper by coagulation

In the article the urgent problems of purification of wastewater. The physicochemical method of wastewater treatment of electroplating plants was studied. The main types of coagulants are considered.В работе рассмотрены актуальные проблемы очистки сточных вод. Изучен физико-химический способ очистки сточных вод гальванических производств. Рассмотрены основные типы коагулянтов

Special Economic Zones in Russia: Practice of Application of Tax Incentives and Assessment of Efficiency

The article considers the features of the application of fiscal instruments in the special economic zones of Russia in the context of the effectiveness of tax incentives and preferential tax treatment. The purpose of the article is to formulate proposals on improving the methodology of assessment of the efficiency of the special economic zones of the Russia. The basic methods of research were analyses, synthesis and comparative analysis. The study was based on the results of the operation of nine Russian special economic zones of various types launched at least seven years ago. As special economic zones are an instrument for future economic development and growth, assessing the efficiency of such zones is difficult. In the article, the authors analyzed the methods for assessing the effectiveness of special economic zones applied at different times, identified their main similarities and differences. The article analyses imperfections of the methodology for estimating special economic zones based on projected values of indicators: the number of residents, the number of jobs created in the zone, the amount of attracted investments, etc. This approach does not always allow for an effective assessment of a special economic zone because the target values of the indicators may initially be incorrect. The concept of the effectiveness of a special economic zone is proposed to be considered from the point of view the budgetary costs and benefits, as well as in the context of the socio-economic development of the region that hosts the zone. Analysis of the development of special economic zones can become more objective when the existing methodology for assessing the effectiveness is complemented with indicators that reflect the impact of special economic zones on the level of social and economic development of the region.Статья посвящена вопросам применения фискальных инструментов на территориях особых экономических зон России с точки зрения эффективности предоставляемых льгот и преференций. Цель статьи – формирование предложений о совершенствовании применяемой в настоящее время методики оценки эффективности функционирования особых экономических зон России. Базовыми методами исследования являлись анализ, синтез и сравнительный анализ. Исследование основывалось на результатах деятельности девяти российских особых экономических зон различных типов со сроком функционирования более 7 лет. Поскольку территории с особым экономическим статусом представляют собой инструмент экономического развития, ориентированный на перспективу, проведение оценки его результативности и эффективности вызывает определенные трудности. В статье авторами проанализированы методики оценки эффективности развития особых экономических зон, применяемые в разные периоды времени, определены их основные сходства и различия. Приведено обоснование несовершенства методики оценки особых экономических зон, основанной преимущественно на анализе выполнения плановых значений показателей: количества резидентов, числа созданных ими рабочих мест, объемов привлеченных инвестиций и т. п. Данный подход не всегда позволяет эффективно оценить экономическую зону, поскольку плановые показатели могут быть изначально некорректны. Понятие эффективности особой экономической зоны предлагается рассматривать с точки зрения не только бюджетных затрат и выгод, но и с позиции социально-экономического развития региона, на территории которого функционирует особая экономическая зона. Анализ развития особых экономических зон может стать действительно объективным и рациональным при дополнении существующей методики оценки эффективности показателями, отражающими влияние особых экономических зон на уровень социально-экономического развития региона

Непосредственные и отдаленные результаты резекций печени: опыт одного учреждения

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the outcomes of a series of liver resections performed in a single regional specialized cancer center. Material and Methods. Eighty-nine patients underwent liver and/ or extrahepatic bile duct resections in the Penza Regional Oncology Hospital over the 8-year study period. Malignancies were observed in 81 patients. Extended liver resections (4 segments or more) were performed in 58 (65.2 %) cases. Results. Postsurgical morbidity and mortality rates were 31.5 % (28 of 89) and 6.7 % (6 of 89), respectively. Six of 10 patients with primary liver carcinomas were alive without evidence of disease progression at a follow-up time ranged from 1.0 to 76.7 months. Adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) was the only predictor (HR=0.40; 95 % CI 0.16-0.98) of overall survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The median survival time after liver resections for mCRC with or without ACT was 54.5 (95 % CI: 14.5-94.5) vs 21.8 months (95 % CI: 14.2-29.4), respectively. In mCRC patients with ACT, the 5-year overall survival rate was 44.8 ± 12.9 %. Conclusion. Primary hepatobiliary carcinomas and colorectal cancer liver metastases are the most common reasons for liver resections. A series of liver resections in a low-volume hospital is feasible with the achievement of good outcomes.Цель исследования - оценка результатов серийного выполнения резекций печени в условиях регионального специализированного онкологического учреждения. Материал и методы. В Пензенском областном онкологическом диспансере за 8 лет резекции печени и/или внепеченочных желчных протоков выполнены 89 пациентам. Злокачественные опухоли были у 81 пациента. Обширные резекции (4 и более сегментов) проведены в 58 (65,2 %) наблюдениях. Результаты. Послеоперационные осложнения зарегистрированы у 28 (31,5 %) пациентов. Летальный исход наступил у 6 (6,7 %) из 89 человек. В группе первичных карцином печени из 10 пациентов шестеро живы в сроки от 1 до 76,7 мес. Адъювантная химиотерапия (АХТ) была единственным предиктором (HR=0,4; 95 % ДИ 0,16-0,98) общей выживаемости в группе больных с метастазами колоректального рака (мКРР). Медианы выживаемости с/без АХТ после резекции печени по поводу мКРР составили 54,5 (95 % ДИ 14,5-94,5) vs 21,8 мес (95 % ДИ 14,2-29,4) соответственно. 5-летняя выживаемость у больных с АХТ - 44,8 ± 12,9 %. Выводы. В структуре резекций печени превалируют операции по поводу первичных гепато-билиарных опухолей и метастазов колоректального рака. Серийное выполнение резекций печени в условиях медицинской организации 3-го уровня возможно с достижением устойчивого удовлетворительного результата

Фенотипическая пластичность метастатической меланомы

Introduction. Metastatic melanoma is characterized by clinical and morphological heterogeneity and plasticity. Rare cases of metastatic melanoma are known, that have no visual expression of melanocytic markers. Contradictory histology of such melanomas requires a differential diagnosis from morphologically similar non- melanocytic tumors, sarcoma or lymphoma. objective is to describe the extraordinary cases of metastatic melanomas with low expression of differentiation markers. material and methods. 15 melanoma cases with unusual clinical and morphological characteristics were included in the study. These tumors were examined by pathologist and cytologist, by immunohistochemical and FISH analyses, mutations in BRAF, NRAS and KIT genes were detected by PCR. results. Some primary tumors were amelanotic, therefore, they were difficult for differential tumor diagnosis. Most frequently, primary tumors were located on the back, shin or head. In 4 patients the primary focuses were not detected. Metastatic lesions were as large nodular tumors in soft tissues of the back or lower limb. Most tumors belong to mixed or spindle-cell histological types. Spindle-shaped cells were also revealed by cytological analysis. BRAF gene mutations were identified by genetic analysis in 27 % of tumors, NRAS and KIT gene mutations were not detected. In 4 cases FISH analysis was performed to detect EWSR1 gene rearrangements, but it did not confirm the diagnosis of sarcoma. conclusion. The results indicate the presence of a heterogeneous group of melanoma cases, which have a number of morphological and molecular features that bring them closer to sarcomas.Актуальность. Метастатическая меланома отличается клинико-морфологической гетерогенностью и пластичностью. Встречаются редкие случаи метастатической меланомы, которые практически не экспрессируют меланоцитарных маркеров. Гиcтологически такие меланомы требуют дифференциальной диагностики от морфологически сходных немеланоцитарных опухолей, саркомы или лимфомы. Цель исследования – исследование неординарных случаев метастатической меланомы с низкой экспрессией дифференцировочных маркеров. материал и методы. Описаны 15 случаев меланомы с необычными клинико-морфологическими характеристиками. Опухоли подверглись морфологическому, цитологическому исследованию, иммуногистохимическому и FISH-анализу, были определены мутации в генах BRAF, NRAS и KIT. Результаты. Первичные меланомы часто не содержали пигмента, что затрудняло дифференциальную диагностику опухоли. Опухоли располагались чаще всего на спине, голени или голове, у 4 пациентов первичные очаги не выявлены. Метастатические поражения представляли собой крупные узловые новообразования в мягких тканях в области спины либо нижней конечности. Большинство опухолей относились к смешанному или веретеноклеточному гистологическим типам. Веретенообразные клетки отмечены и при цитологических исследованиях. При генетическом анализе мутации в гене BRAF выявлены в 27 % меланом, мутации в генах NRAS и KIT не обнаружены. В 4 случаях с помощью FISH проведен анализ на наличие реаранжировки гена EWSR1, при этом диагноз саркомы не подтвердился. Полученные результаты указывают на гистологическую и молекулярную неоднородность и фенотипическую пластичность исследованных меланом. Ряд выявленных молекулярно-генетических особенностей сближает эти опухоли с саркомами