3,335 research outputs found

    Investigation of interaction of carbon dioxide with aerogels nanopores

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    The absorption spectrum of 2 0 0 12 – 0 0 0 01 band of carbon dioxide, confined in 20 nm nanopores of silica aerogel, was measured with help of a Bruker IFS 125 HR Fourier transform spectrometer at room temperature and a spectral resolution of 0.01 cm-1. The obtained dependence of spectral line half-width values on rotational quantum numbers was studied and compared with data available in the literature. Β© (2015) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only

    He-broadening and shift coefficients of water vapor lines in infrared spectral region

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    The water vapor line broadening and shift coefficients in the Ξ½1+Ξ½2, Ξ½2+Ξ½3, Ξ½1+Ξ½3, 2Ξ½3, 2Ξ½1, 2Ξ½2+Ξ½3, and Ξ½1+2Ξ½2 vibrational bands induced by helium pressure were measured using a Bruker IFS 125HR spectrometer. The vibrational bands 2Ξ½3 and Ξ½1+2Ξ½2 were investigated for the first time. The interaction potential used in the calculations of broadening and shift coefficients was chosen as the sum of pair potentials, which were modeled by the Lennard-Jones (6-12) potentials. The vibrational and rotational contributions to this potential were obtained by use of the intermolecular potential parameters and intramolecular parameters of H2O molecule. The calculated values of the broadening and shift coefficients were compared with the experimental data. Β© (2015) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only

    Khalifa University Reachback Program Supporting Prevention of Illicit Nuclear and Radiological Material Smuggling in the United Arab Emirates

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    Trafficking of Illicit nuclear or radiological materials is a global threat which can involve and adversely affect any country. Ultimately, it is the responsibility of each state to prevent and combat illicit nuclear trafficking by screening all cargo and travelers entering, exiting, and transiting through its borders. As a part of the national radiation detection infrastructure of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), a reachback program was established at Khalifa University (KU) to provide capabilities for adjudication of radiation alarms at Khalifa Port and other radiation portal monitor (RPM) locations. In addition to the main mission, KU Reachback aims to educate and prepare local talent to lead these vital efforts in the future. This is particularly important because the UAE, similar to other newcomers to the nuclear industry, faces human capital challenges which can be addressed using domestic or regional solutions

    The phenomenon of the home: Metaphysics of the innermost (as illustrated by the modern Russian culture)

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    The relevance of the problem under study is based on the influence of the expanding globalization processes that affect the view of life of a modern man: the internal balance is lost due to feeling of chaos, rhythm of life and constant changes. In these conditions there is a tendency to de-humanize the living environment, depersonalization of living space and desacralization of human dwelling which leads to re-thinking of the Home that ensures human existence in the world. The purpose of the article is to state the necessity of new understanding of the Home as the phenomenon of culture which would confront the absolute priority of the rational, pragmatic and utilitarian through the notion of β€œthe innermost”, through studying the transformation of the innermost within the historical context and through revealing the dialectics of the innermost and the explicit in living space of the modern culture. The lead method for studying this problem is the interdisciplinary approach that provides the possibility of comprehensive consideration of the results of philosophical, cultural, architectural and other studies. The article reveals the essence and the main philosophical-cultural characteristics of the Home and the essence of the innermost as a special super-value, specifies the traditional image of the innermost in living space related to the Home as the centre of existence and reveals the attributes of transformation of the innermost in the Home resulting from the processes which are characteristic of the modern age. The materials of the article can be useful for developing the scientific-methodological support of general and special courses, for conducting lessons in philosophical-cultural disciplines and for usage for designing and modeling the living environment. Β© 2016 Shupletsova et al

    A projection proximal-point algorithm for l^1-minimization

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    The problem of the minimization of least squares functionals with β„“1\ell^1 penalties is considered in an infinite dimensional Hilbert space setting. While there are several algorithms available in the finite dimensional setting there are only a few of them which come with a proper convergence analysis in the infinite dimensional setting. In this work we provide an algorithm from a class which have not been considered for β„“1\ell^1 minimization before, namely a proximal-point method in combination with a projection step. We show that this idea gives a simple and easy to implement algorithm. We present experiments which indicate that the algorithm may perform better than other algorithms if we employ them without any special tricks. Hence, we may conclude that the projection proximal-point idea is a promising idea in the context of β„“1\ell^1-minimization

    Modification of the experimental setup of the FTIR spectrometer and thirty-meter optical cell for measurements of weak selective and nonselective absorptions

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    The improvement of the experimental setup based on a Fourier spectrometer Bruker IFS-125 and a 30-meter multipass optical cell is described. The improvement includes the cell equipment with a system of automated adjustment of the number of beam passes without cell depressurization and ensures the cell work at high temperatures

    ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ формализация ΠΈ алгоритмизация основных ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-тСхничСских систСм*

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    The purpose of the research is to develop a generalized structural scheme of organizational and technical systems based on the general theory of management, which contains the necessary and sufficient number of modules and formalize on this basis the main management tasks that act as goals of the behavior of the management object. The main modules that directly implement the management process are the status assessment module of organizational and technical systems and the management module. It is shown that in traditional organizational and technical systems, including the decision-maker, the key module is the state assessment module of organizational and technical systems. In this regard, the key aspect of the work is to study the optimal algorithms for evaluating the state of processes occurring in the organizational and technical systems and develop on this basis the principles of mathematical formalization and algorithmization of the status assessment module. The research method is the application of the principles of the theory of statistical estimates of random processes occurring in the organizational and technical systems against the background of interference and the synthesis of algorithms for the functioning of the status assessment module on this basis. It is shown that a characteristic feature of random processes occurring in organizational and technical systems is their essentially discrete nature and Poisson statistics. A mathematical description of the statistical characteristics of point random processes is formulated, which is suitable for solving the main problems of process evaluation and management in organizational and technical systems. The main results were the definition of state space of the organizational and technical systems, the development of a generalized structural scheme of the organizational and technical systems in state space that includes the modules forming the state variable of the module assessment and module management. This mathematical interpretation of the organizational and technical systems structure allowed us to formalize the main problems solved by typical organizational and technical systems and consider optimal algorithms for solving such problems. The assumption when considering the problems of synthesis of optimal algorithms is to optimize the status assessment module of organizational and technical systems and the control module separately, while the main attention is paid to the consideration of optimal estimation algorithms. The formalization and algorithmization of the organizational and technical systems behavior is undertaken mainly in terms of the Bayesian criterion of optimal statistical estimates. Various methods of overcoming a priori uncertainty typical for the development of real organizational and technical systems are indicated. Methods of adaptation are discussed, including Bayesian adaptation of the decision-making procedure under conditions of a priori uncertainty. Using a special case of the Central limit theorem, an asymptotic statistical relationship between the mentioned point processes and traditional Gaussian processes is established. As an example, a nontrivial problem of optimal detection of Poisson signal against a background of Poisson noise is considered; graphs of the potential noise immunity of this algorithm are calculated and presented. The corresponding references are given to the previously obtained results of estimates of Poisson processes. For automatic organizational and technical systems, the generally accepted criteria for the quality of management of such systems are specified. The result of the review is a classification of methods for formalization and algorithmization of problems describing the behavior of organizational and technical systems.ЦСлью исслСдования являСтся Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ° Π½Π° основС ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ управлСния ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ структурной схСмы ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-тСхничСской систСм, содСрТащСй Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ достаточноС количСство ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ формализация Π½Π° этой основС основных Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡ управлСния, Π²Ρ‹ΡΡ‚ΡƒΠΏΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π² Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Ρ†Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ повСдСния ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π° управлСния. ΠžΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ модулями, нСпосрСдствСнно Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌΠΈ процСсс управлСния, являСтся ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠ»ΡŒ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ состояния ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-тСхничСских систСм (ОВБ) ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠ»ΡŒ управлСния. Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ОВБ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π»ΠΈΡ†ΠΎ, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π΅ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠ»Π΅ΠΌ являСтся ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠ»ΡŒ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ состояния ОВБ. Π’ связи с этим ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΠΌ аспСктом Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ являСтся ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ состояния процСссов, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π² ОВБ ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ° Π½Π° этой основС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² матСматичСской Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ модуля ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ состояния.ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ исслСдования являСтся ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ статистичСских ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ случайных процСссов, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π² ОВБ Π½Π° Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ… ΠΈ синтСз Π½Π° этой основС Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΠΎΠ² функционирования модуля ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ состояния. Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π² ОВБ случайных процСссов являСтся ΠΈΡ… сущСствСнно дискрСтный Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ ΠΈ пуассоновская статистика. Π‘Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ матСматичСскоС описаниС статистичСских характСристик Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… случайных процСссов, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ΅ для Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ основных Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ процСссов ΠΈ управлСния Π² ОВБ. ΠžΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ понятия пространства состояний ОВБ, Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ структурной схСмы ОВБ Π² пространствС состояний, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠ»ΠΈ формирования ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ состояния, модуля ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ состояния ΠΈ модуля управлСния. Вакая матСматичСская интСрпрСтация структуры ОВБ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»Π° Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ основныС Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡ΠΈ, Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ОВБ ΠΈ Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΡ‹ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡. Π”ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ рассмотрСнии Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡ синтСза ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΠΎΠ² являСтся ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ модуля ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ состояния ОВБ ΠΈ модуля управлСния ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ этом основноС Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ. Ѐормализация ΠΈ алгоритмизация повСдСния ОВБ прСдпринята, Π² основном, Π² Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ… байСсовского критСрия ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… статистичСских ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ. Π£ΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ‹ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ прСодолСния Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ нСопрСдСлСнности, Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ для Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ОВБ. ΠžΠ±ΡΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π°ΠΉΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ принятия Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² условиях Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ нСопрСдСлСнности. Π‘ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ частного случая Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ устанавливаСтся асимптотичСская статистичСская связь ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ упомянутыми Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ процСссами ΠΈ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ гауссовскими процСссами. Π’ качСствС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π° рассмотрСна Π½Π΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡Π° ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ обнаруТСния пуассоновского сигнала Π½Π° Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΅ пуассоновской ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ…ΠΈ, рассчитаны ΠΈ прСдставлСны Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ помСхоустойчивости этого Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΠ°. На Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ пуассоновских процСссов Π΄Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ссылки. Для автоматичСских ОВБ ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ‹ общСпринятыС ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ качСств управлСния Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ систСмами. Π˜Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΌ рассмотрСния являСтся классификация ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡, ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ОВБ

    ΠœΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ модСль прСдставлСния чувствСнных ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ² для формирования ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ внСшнСго ΠΌΠΈΡ€Π°*

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    The aim of the study is a probabilistic description of the functioningΒ of the cognitive system, taking into account its internal logic andΒ interaction with the external environment.Such concepts of cognitive theory as sensory imaginative representations,Β models, systems are the most common, so the attempt toΒ formalize them is by obtaining the most common results. One of theΒ key concepts of cognitive theory is Gestalt, which is understood inΒ this work as a kind of holistic perception of the sensual image, asΒ well as the sensual image. Formalization (mathematical description)Β of Gestalt, as well as other concepts of cognitive theory meets theΒ natural difficulties associated with the uncertainty of these concepts.Β On the other hand, there are well-developed mathematical models ofΒ behavior of quite specific organizational systems, allowing obtainingΒ meaningful results.Β In this regard, the mathematical description of a wide class of cognitiveΒ systems, not limited to the specific content of their functioning,Β is an urgent task. In this study, it is assumed that sensory imagesΒ occur at random times and affect the cognitive system with certainΒ probabilities. In this regard, one of the adequate mathematical toolsΒ are, apparently, probability-theoretic methods, in particular, theΒ application of the theory of Markov processes.Β The method of research within the framework of the adopted model isΒ the application of the theory of Markov processes developing at fixedΒ points in time, i.e. Markov chains. It is believed that the functioningΒ of the cognitive system is described by abstract probabilities of changesΒ in the system states. This approach allows formalizing the processesΒ of representation of sensory images in the cognitive system, takingΒ into account both the internal logic of the system and the interaction of the system with the outside world. The main attention is paid to the study of the influence on the behavior of the system external to her sensual images.As a result of the study shows that the inclusion of the interactions of theΒ system is achieved by introducing the stochastic matrix of probabilitiesΒ of the system response to external influences. Taking into account theΒ well-developed theory of Markov chains, analytical expressions for theΒ probabilities of the system in each of the possible states are obtained.Β The influence on the behavior of the system of elements of the matrixΒ of probability reactions of the system is investigated, the correspondingΒ graphs are presented. The asymptotic behavior of the system is studiedΒ with an unlimited increase in the number of steps that change the stateΒ of the system, as well as the average characteristics of the system.Β It is noted that the presented description is formal, operates onlyΒ with probabilistic characteristics of the system and does not takeΒ into account specific signals that can enter the system from itsΒ sensors, and generally sensitive elements. In this regard, the furtherΒ development of the model may be associated with the assessmentΒ of the probability of the system response to external influences,Β taking into account the characteristics of these specific signals, asΒ well as the development of optimal algorithms for decision-makingΒ about the presence or absence of impacts on the system from theΒ outside world.ЦСлью исслСдования являСтся вСроятностноС описаниС функционирования ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ систСмы с ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ Π΅Π΅ Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉΒ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ взаимодСйствия с внСшнСй срСдой.Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ понятия ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ чувствСнныС образныС прСдставлСния, ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ, систСмы ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΠΌΠΈ, поэтому ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚ΠΊΠ° ΠΈΡ… Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ являСтся ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΌ получСния наиболСС ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ². Одним ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… понятий когнитивной Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ являСтся Π³Π΅ΡˆΡ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΡ‚, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ понимаСтся в настоящСй Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ цСлостноС восприятиС чувствСнного ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Π°, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈ сам чувствСнный ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π· Ѐормализация (матСматичСскоС описаниС) Π³Π΅ΡˆΡ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΡ‚ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… понятий когнитивной Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ встрСчаСт СстСствСнныС затруднСния, связанныС с Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ самих этих понятий.Β Π‘ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΉ стороны, ΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ Ρ…ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ матСматичСскиС ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ повСдСния достаточно ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…Β ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… систСм, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹.Π’ связи с этим матСматичСскоС описаниС достаточно ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… систСм, Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ содСрТаниСм ΠΈΡ… функционирования, являСтся Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡Π΅ΠΉ.Β Π’ настоящСм исслСдовании прСдполагаСтся, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ чувствСнныС образы Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ Π² случайныС ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡƒΡŽ систСму с ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ вСроятностями. В связи с этим ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ· Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… матСматичСских инструмСнтов ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎ-Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΌΡƒ, Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-вСроятностныС мСтоды, Π² частности, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ марковских процСссов.ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ исслСдования Π² Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ… принятой ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ являСтся примСнСниС Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ марковских процСссов, Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…ΡΡΒ Π² фиксированныС ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ, Ρ‚.Π΅. марковских Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΠ΅ΠΉ. БчитаСтся, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ систСмы описываСтся абстрактными вСроятностями ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ состояний систСмы. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ позволяСт Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ процСссы прСдставлСния чувствСнных ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ систСмС, с ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΊΠΈ функционирования систСмы,Β Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ взаимодСйствия систСмы с внСшним ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΌ. ОсновноС вниманиС Π² исслСдовании ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ влияния Π½Π° повСдСниС систСмы Π²Π½Π΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΊ Π½Π΅ΠΉ чувствСнных ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ².Π’ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ прСдпринятого исслСдования ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚Β Π²Π½Π΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΈΡ… взаимодСйствий систСмы достигаСтся Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ в рассмотрСниС стохастичСской ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ†Ρ‹ вСроятностСй рСакций систСмы Π½Π° внСшниС воздСйствия. Π‘ ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ Ρ…ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ марковских Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ аналитичСскиС выраТСния для вСроятностСй прСбывания систСмы Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΒ ΠΈΠ· Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… состояний. ИсслСдовано влияниС Π½Π° повСдСниС систСмы элСмСнтов ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ†Ρ‹ вСроятностСй Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ систСмы, прСдставлСны ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. Π˜Π·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎ асимптотичСскоС ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ систСмы ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ увСличСниичисла шагов, ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… состояниС систСмы, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ срСдниС характСристики функционирования систСмы.ΠžΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ прСдставлСнноС описаниС являСтся Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ, ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ с вСроятностными характСристиками систСмы ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Π΅ сигналы, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚Β ΠΏΠΎΡΡ‚ΡƒΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π² систСму ΠΎΡ‚ Π΅Π΅ Π΄Π°Ρ‚Ρ‡ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², сСнсоров ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ Ρ‡ΡƒΠ²ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… элСмСнтов. Π’ связи с этим дальнСйшСС Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅Β ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ связано с ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΎΠΉ вСроятностСй рСакции систСмы Π½Π° внСшниС воздСйствия с ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ характСристик упомянутых ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… сигналов, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΠΎΠ² принятия Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ отсутствии воздСйствий Π½Π° систСму со стороны ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΡ€Π°

    The dynamics of quasi-isometric foliations

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    If the stable, center, and unstable foliations of a partially hyperbolic system are quasi-isometric, the system has Global Product Structure. This result also applies to Anosov systems and to other invariant splittings. If a partially hyperbolic system on a manifold with abelian fundamental group has quasi-isometric stable and unstable foliations, the center foliation is without holonomy. If, further, the system has Global Product Structure, then all center leaves are homeomorphic.Comment: 18 pages, 1 figur
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