Alternative low-cost adsorbent for water and wastewater decontamination derived from eggshellwaste: an overview

As the current global trend towards more stringent environmental standards, technical applicability and cost-effectiveness became key factors in the selection of adsorbents for water and wastewater treatment. Recently, various low-cost adsorbents derived from agricultural waste, industrial by-products or natural materials, have been intensively investigated. In this respect, the eggshells from egg-breaking operations constitute significant waste disposal problems for the food industry, so the development of value-added by-products from this waste is to be welcomed. The egg processing industry is very competitive, with low profit margins due to global competition and cheap imports. Additionally, the costs associated with the egg shell disposal (mainly on landfill sites) are significant, and expected to continue increasing as landfill taxes increase. The aim of the present review is to provide an overview on the development of low-cost adsorbents derived from eggshell by-products

Valorisation of Biowastes for the Production of Green Materials Using Chemical Methods

With crude oil reserves dwindling, the hunt for a sustainable alternative feedstock for fuels and materials for our society continues to expand. The biorefinery concept has enjoyed both a surge in popularity and also vocal opposition to the idea of diverting food-grade land and crops for this purpose. The idea of using the inevitable wastes arising from biomass processing, particularly farming and food production, is, therefore, gaining more attention as the feedstock for the biorefinery. For the three main components of biomass—carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins—there are long-established processes for using some of these by-products. However, the recent advances in chemical technologies are expanding both the feedstocks available for processing and the products that be obtained. Herein, this review presents some of the more recent developments in processing these molecules for green materials, as well as case studies that bring these technologies and materials together into final products for applied usage

Adsorption of Naphthalene, Phenanthrene and Pyrene from Aqueous Solution Using Low-Cost Activated Carbon Derived from Agricultural Wastes

In this work, the adsorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from aqueous solution by rice husk activated carbon (RHAC) was compared with adsorption using conventional, powdered activated carbon as the adsorbent. The adsorbent capacity of RHAC was found to be higher than all other agricultural and industrial adsorbents evaluated. The kinetics of PAHs was similar even after 24 hours. The removal of PAH occurred in the following order: naphthalene < phenanthrene < pyrene. Our study results show that molecular weight and solubility play vital roles in the adsorption of PAH on RHAC. The study results pointed to the occurrence of an intra-particle mechanism in all cases. The isotherm models that best represented the data obtained were Freundlich for naphthalene, Redlich–Peterson for phenanthrene, and Langmuir for pyrene. The results of this study were compared with previous studies

IgG4-related sclerosing mesenteritis in a 7-year-old Saudi Girl

Sclerosing mesenteritis (SM) is a rare, benign inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology, affecting the membranes of the digestive tract that involves lymphoplasmacytic inflammation, fat necrosis, and fibrosis of the mesentery. We report a child patient with a history of recurrent abdominal pain and fever who was found to have an intra-abdominal mass suspicious for malignancy. A tissue biopsy revealed the diagnosis of SM associated with IgG4-related systemic disease. The patient is currently maintained on 5 mg prednisone daily and no recurrence of symptoms was noted during the 24-month follow-up period. We emphasize, therefore, that SM can present clinical challenges and the presence of SM should cue clinicians to search for other coexisting autoimmune disorders that can have various outcomes

Membrane Stabilitiy and Removal of Cobalt from Waste Solution Using Liquid Emulsion Membrane

Abstract: A Liquid Emulsion Mmenrane (LEM) containing Cyanex 301 as a carrier and Span 80 as a surfactant was used for the extraction of Co-(II) from nitric acid solution. Various diluents were tested and cyclohexane was found the most effective diluent in the cobalt extraction. The effect of different factors affecting the permeation of cobalt through LEM (e.g pH of the extrenal phase, type and concentration of stripping internal phase, the equilibrium time, and Cyanex 301 conentration) were investigated. The effects of surfactant types and cocentrations on the stbility of LEM were also studied. It was found that the optimum conditions for cobalt extraction using 8% Cyanex 301 were as follows; 3M HCl as an internal phase, 4% span 80 as a surfactant and by using the best conditions 10 ml of prepared LEM can extract about 96.86% of 1 gm/l of cobalt in Nitric acid solution after 5 min. in the reactor tank