Performance Analysis and Protection of Submersible Motor for Unbalance Condition in Dewatering

This study discusses the safety of submersible motors in dewatering under current unbalanced conditions. Submersible motors are commonly employed in artificial lifting systems used in dewatering conditions. The submersible motor is vulnerable to hazards that might cause injury during the current imbalance state in dewatering. The researcher offers a basic protection mechanism that he has devised and a performance study of the submersible motor. Work on dewatering difficulties was finished in this study, and the suggested solution sought to safeguard the submersible motor. The protective strategy is effectively realized by utilizing three temperature sensors based on submersible motor coils by transmitting the signal to the microcontroller, which identifies the defective phases and sends the tripping signal to the AC drives (inverter) and sensors (water), submersible motor probe with ceramic measuring cell, and submersible motor inverter. In addition, the simulation and experimental results for various operating locations are shown in this study. The outcomes are in line with the goals that were set. This study provides guidelines for high-performance submersible motors in wells due to groundwater conditions. These guidelines are based on several failures discovered during an examination. Furthermore, this report suggests many techniques for preventing these failures. These suggestions are based on the investigation of numerous submersible motor pumps from various manufacturers in various wells in Egypt with short-term operations induced by various situations encountered while working on the site

Flame Retardant and Mechanical Properties of Modified Paper Using Inorganic Salts for Packaging Applications

The paper sheet prepared from unbleached rice straw containing different concentration of inorganic salts, that work as flame retardant additives (Lithium hydroxide one hydrate (LiOH.1H2O), Magnesium hydroxide (Mg (OH)2. 15H2O), aluminum sulphate (Al2(SO4)3) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3)) were investigated using horizontal burning test against flame retardant. Also, the prepared paper sheets were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Infrared spectroscopy (IR). Furthermore, the water absorption was determined. In addition, the mechanical properties (breaking length, tear factor and burst factor) of the prepared paper sheet were evaluated. Correspondingly, the physical (structure and mechanical) properties of the prepared paper sheet were enhanced in terms of tensile, tear factor and water absorption. Also, delaying firing process will help in protecting the materials from burning, saving many of economic effect. So the prepared paper sheet can be used for different industrial applications especially in packaging applications

Some Functional, Chemical, and Sensory Characteristics of Cactus Pear Rice-Based Extrudates

ABSTRACT Both orange-yellow and red cactus pear pulps were concentrated (to 40ºBrix), and then added to rice grits to produce a delectable product of rice-based extrudates. Both concentrated pulps were added to rice grits in five levels 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%. The effects of added concentrated pulps on some physical (expansion ratio (ER), bulk density (BD), water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), breaking strength (BS), and color attributes (L*, a* and b*); chemical (moisture, total carbohydrate, crude protein, crude fat and ash); and sensory (taste, crispness, chewiness, odor, color, pore distribution, surface characteristics, and overall acceptability) characteristics of extruded products were evaluated. The expansion ratio (ER), water absorption index (WAI), and water soluble index (WSI) of all products decreased by increasing the added concentrated-pulp ratio, while breaking strength (BS) decreased up to 10% of the added ratio, then increased. Bulk density, ash content and color attributes (a* and b*) increased for all extruded products. Adding both concentrated cactus pear pulps to rice flour extremely enhanced the sensory characteristics of final extruded products, and the obtained results showed the possibility of producing a new value-added snack-type extrudate based on cactus pear pulp concentrates

Pathogenesis and Clinical Relevance of Candida Biofilms in Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

The ability of Candida spp. to form biofilms is crucial for its pathogenicity, and thus, it should be considered an important virulence factor in vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and recurrent VVC (RVVC). Its ability to generate biofilms is multifactorial and is generally believed to depend on the site of infection, species and strain involved, and the microenvironment in which the infection develops. Therefore, both cell surface proteins, such as Hwp1, Als1, and Als2, and the cell wall-related protein, Sun41, play a critical role in the adhesion and virulence of the biofilm. Immunological and pharmacological approaches have identified the NLRP3 inflammasome as a crucial molecular factor contributing to host immunopathology. In this context, we have earlier shown that Candida albicans associated with hyphae-secreted aspartyl proteinases (specifically SAP4-6) contribute to the immunopathology of the disease. Transcriptome profiling has revealed that non-coding transcripts regulate protein synthesis post-transcriptionally, which is important for the growth of Candida spp. Other studies have employed RNA sequencing to identify differences in the 1,245 Candida genes involved in surface and invasive cellular metabolism regulation. In vitro systems allow the simultaneous processing of a large number of samples, making them an ideal screening technique for estimating various physicochemical parameters, testing the activity of antimicrobial agents, and analyzing genes involved in biofilm formation and regulation (in situ) in specific strains. Murine VVC models are used to study C. albicans infection, especially in trials of novel treatments and to understand the cause(s) for resistance to conventional therapeutics. This review on the clinical relevance of Candida biofilms in VVC focuses on important advances in its genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. Moreover, recent experiments on the influence of biofilm formation on VVC or RVVC pathogenesis in laboratory animals have been discussed. A clear elucidation of one of the pathogenesis mechanisms employed by Candida biofilms in vulvovaginal candidiasis and its applications in clinical practice represents the most significant contribution of this manuscript

Electrical Properties of Lead Phthalocyanine Films

Current density-voltage characteristics have been obtained from thin films of lead phthalocyanine particles dispersed in a polymer binder when sandwiched between ohmic gold and blocking aluminium electrodes. At low voltages, the current in the forward direction shows Schottky diode behaviour. The diode parameters are evaluated using the model of Cheung and Cheung. Barrier heights and widths are determined as a function of applied voltage. A number of parameters is evaluated on the basis of the theory of space-charge-limited conduction, and the following values are obtained: p$\text{}_{0}$ = 8.5 × 10$\text{}^{18}$ m$\text{}^{-3}$, concentration of the traps per unit energy range at the valence band P$\text{}_{0}$ ≈ 2.5 × 10$\text{}^{44}$ J$\text{}^{-1}$m$\text{}^{-3}$, temperature parameter of trapping distribution T$\text{}_{c}$ ≈ 500 K and total trapping concentration, N$\text{}_{t}$ ≈ 1.7 × 10$\text{}^{24}$ m$\text{}^{-3}$

Brushless DC motor tracking control using self-tuning fuzzy PID control and model reference adaptive control

This paper compares the performance of two different control techniques applied to high performance brushless DC motor. The first scheme is self-tuning fuzzy PID controller and the second scheme is model reference adaptive control (MRAC) with PID compensator. The purpose of the control algorithm was to force the rotor speed to follow the desired reference speed with good accuracy all time. This objective should be achieved for different speed/time tracks regardless of load disturbance and parameter variations. The simulation results presented show that the second control scheme has better performance

Brushless DC motor tracking control using self-tuning fuzzy PID control and model reference adaptive control

This paper compares the performance of two different control techniques applied to high performance brushless DC motor. The first scheme is self-tuning fuzzy PID controller and the second scheme is model reference adaptive control (MRAC) with PID compensator. The purpose of the control algorithm was to force the rotor speed to follow the desired reference speed with good accuracy all time. This objective should be achieved for different speed/time tracks regardless of load disturbance and parameter variations. The simulation results presented show that the second control scheme has better performance. Keywords: Brushless DC (BLDC) motor, Model reference adaptive control (MRAC

Speed control of BLDC motor by using PID control and self-tuning fuzzy PID controller

This paper presents three different robust controller techniques for high performance brushless DC (BLDC) motor. The purpose is to test the ability of each control technique to force the rotor to follow a preselected speed/position track. This objective should be achieved regardless the parameter variations, and external disturbances. The first technique is conventional PID controller. The second controller technique use genetic algorithm to adjust the PID controller parameters based on three different cost functions. Finally a self-tuning fuzzy PID controller is developed and tested. These controllers are tested for both speed regulation and speed tracking. Results shows that the proposed self-tuning fuzzy PID controller has better performance