Distributivity breaking and macroscopic quantum games

Examples of games between two partners with mixed strategies, calculated by the use of the probability amplitude as some vector in Hilbert space are given. The games are macroscopic, no microscopic quantum agent is supposed. The reason for the use of the quantum formalism is in breaking of the distributivity property for the lattice of yes-no questions arising due to the special rules of games. The rules of the games suppose two parts: the preparation and measurement. In the first part due to use of the quantum logical orthocomplemented non-distributive lattice the partners freely choose the wave functions as descriptions of their strategies. The second part consists of classical games described by Boolean sublattices of the initial non-Boolean lattice with same strategies which were chosen in the first part. Examples of games for spin one half are given. New Nash equilibria are found for some cases. Heisenberg uncertainty relations without the Planck constant are written for the "spin one half game"

Classical spin simulations with a quantum two-spin correction

Classical simulations of high-temperature nuclear spin dynamics in solids are known to accurately predict relaxation for spin 1/2 lattices with a large number of interacting neighbors. Once the number of interacting neighbors becomes four or smaller, classical simulations lead to noticeable discrepancies. Here we attempt to improve the performance of the classical simulations by adding a term representing two-spin quantum correlations. The method is tested for a spin-1/2 chain. It exhibits good performance at shorter times, but, at longer times, it is hampered by a singular behavior of the resulting equations of motion.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures accepted for publication in EPJT

Magnetic Field in the Tail of the Magnetosphere and Its Dimensions

Index of magnetic activity and variations of geomagnetic dimensions of magnetosphere tai

Oval of Aurorae Borealis and the Ring Current in the Earth's Magnetosphere

Oval of aurora borealis and ring current in earth magnetospher

Cyclosporin A-insensitive permeability transition in brain mitochondria - Inhibition by 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate

The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) may operate as a physiological Ca 2 � release mechanism and also contribute to mitochondrial deenergization and release of proapoptotic proteins after pathological stress, e.g. ischemia/reperfusion. Brain mitochondria ex- hibit unique PTP characteristics, including relative re- sistance to inhibition by cyclosporin A. In this study, we report that 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate blocks Ca 2 � - induced Ca 2 � release in isolated, non-synaptosomal rat brain mitochondria in the presence of physiological con- centrations of ATP and Mg 2 � .Ca 2 � release was not me - diated by the mitochondrial Na � /Ca 2 � exchanger or by reversal of the uniporter responsible for energy-depend- ent Ca 2 � uptake. Loss of mitochondrial Ca 2 � was accom - panied by release of cytochrome c and pyridine nucleo- tides, indicating an increase in permeability of both the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes. Under these conditions, Ca 2 � -induced opening of the PTP was not blocked by cyclosporin A, antioxidants, or inhibitors of phospholipase A 2 or nitric-oxide synthase but was abol - ished by pretreatment with bongkrekic acid. These find- ings indicate that in the presence of adenine nucleotides and Mg 2 � ,Ca 2 � -induced PTP in non-synaptosomal brain mitochondria exhibits a unique pattern of sensitivity to inhibitors and is particularly responsive to 2-amino- ethoxydiphenyl borate

World first complex optical instrumental observations of aurora in the Arctic in 1899?1900

International audienceThis report presents data and analysis of visual, photographic and auroral spectral data, obtained by the Russian astronomer J. Sykora from the Russian-Swedish expedition to Spitsbergen during the 1899?1900 winter season, which are historically significant for auroral studies. These data seem to be the first instrumental observations of auroral spectra in the Arctic and some of the emissions discovered have world priority. The second known photos in the world of aurora from the Arctic and undoubtedly the first ones for geomagnetic latitudes of about 75° in the Spitsbergen Archipelago were obtained. The results of the expedition are discussed from a modern point of view and compared with our knowledge of the 21st century. A description of the equipment and methods that were used by Russian astronomers is presented. Both photographic and spectral devices using registration by photographic plates were used, along with special methods of their development and enhancement. Some statistical analysis was done on the basis of the expedition reports and diaries. This analysis shows that by using Sykora's data it was possible to discover the auroral oval or instantaneous auroral distribution over the polar region. Analysis of photographic samples and sketches of the aurora demonstrate typical auroral form outlines as they are described today. Spectral plates exposed for several hours to auroral lights revealed not only the main auroral emissions, which were well-known at that time, but several other unidentified weak emissions, which were rediscovered and interpreted years later. Keywords. History of geophysics (Atmospheric sciences, instruments and techniques

Quantum phase transitions in non-Hermitian PT\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}-symmetric transverse-field Ising spin chains

We present a theoretical study of quantum phases and quantum phase transitions occurring in non-Hermitian $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$-symmetric superconducting qubits chains described by a transverse-field Ising spin model. A non-Hermitian part of the Hamiltonian is implemented via imaginary staggered \textit{longitudinal } magnetic field, which corresponds to a local staggered gain and loss terms. By making use of a direct numerical diagonalization of the Hamiltonian for spin chains of a finite size $N$, we explore the dependencies of the energy spectrum, including the energy difference between the first excited and the ground states, the spatial correlation function of local polarization ($z$-component of local magnetization) on the adjacent spins interaction strength $J$ and the local gain (loss) parameter $\gamma$. A scaling procedure for the coherence length $\xi$ allows us to establish a complete quantum phase diagram of the system. We obtain two quantum phases for $J<0$, namely, $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$-symmetry broken antiferromagnetic state and $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$-symmetry preserved paramagnetic state, and the quantum phase transition line between them is the line of exception points. For $J>0$ the $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$-symmetry of the ground state is retained in a whole region of parameter space of $J$ and $\gamma$, and a system shows \textit{two} intriguing quantum phase transitions between ferromagnetic and paramagnetic states for a fixed parameter $\gamma > 1$. We also provide the qualitative quantum phase diagram $\gamma-J$ derived in the framework of the Bethe-Peierls approximation that is in a good accord with numerically obtained results