1,890 research outputs found
Interpretation of contradictory images by means of systems of linear inequalities
We consider the problem of interpretation of three-dimensional images from their flat projections up to the set of visible faces. For projections of convex polyhedra, we present an interpretation algorithm based on maximal feasible subsystems of a certain infeasible system of linear inequalities modeling the visibility requirement for faces. A number of model examples are given; in particular, the algorithm is applied to the interpretation of the Necker cube. Β© 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd
Structural-chemical features and morphology of glauconites in sedimentary iron ore of Bakchar prospect (Western Siberia)
The research embraces the investigation results of glauconites in Bakchar iron ore occurrences to evaluate the potential diversified commercial application of this mineral. The following lab methods were used to analyze the morphology, chemical composition and structure of glauconites: granulometric analysis, optical microscopy, electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence analysis, atomic arc-emission analysis and infrared spectroscopy. Glauconite was classified according to morphology and grain color and chemical composition and some specific characteristics were also determined (relative content of absorbed water, random distribution of smectite flakes within the grain structures). The research results showed that pistacho-green glauconite grains are less subjected to alteration than greenish-yellow grains due to the content of potassium, iron, absorbed water and organic impurities
Finite groups isospectral to simple groups
The spectrum of a finite group is the set of element orders of this group.
The main goal of this paper is to survey results concerning recognition of
finite simple groups by spectrum, in particular, to list all finite simple
groups for which the recognition problem is solved
Higher Environmental Education in Japan: Social Mission and National Peculiarities
The fact of the Japanese economic miracle is rarely associated with the environmental crisis. Getting out of this crisis might be considered as another Japanese miracle β the ecological one, which turned the country into an area of a harmony between man and nature. This uniqueΒ phenomenon is usually associated with traditions of Shinto, but this is onlyΒ one part of the national realities. Another part is connected with theΒ beneficial effects of the eco-cultural revolution of recent decades. Development of environmental education was the most important component. This article presents the results of a study of higher environmental education in Japan, which has acquired a nationwide scale and has become an important link in the state environmental policy. This is precisely the mission of environmental education β to be the most important tool for ensuring the ecological culture of environmental professionals and the entire population of the country in a whole. The empirical basis of the study is provided by thematic publications in Japanese, English and Russian, materials from targeted surveys and interviews of Japanese universitiesβΒ teachers within the framework of the project of the Russian GeographicalΒ Society, as well as a diverse authorsβ experience of communication with employees and students of Japanese universities over the past 10 years. The aim of the study is to identify the features of the development of higher environmental education in Japan and the specifics of its current stage. TheΒ most important of these features are the development of universal environmental education in the country; systematic βgreeningβ of higher education; a synthesis of national cultural traditions and scientifically based innovations; creation of an attractive image of environmental specialties; using environmental education as a platform for the paradigmΒ of an education for sustainable development. The revealed features convince that Japanese society is aware of the high price of environmental costs, while considering environmental education as a decisive factor in its optimization.Β In this regard, the original Japanese practice of higher environmental education is of undoubted interest for other countries of the world includingΒ Russia
ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ’ Π’Π ΠΠΠΠΠ¦ΠΠ’ΠΠ Π ΠΠ’ΠΠ ΠΠ’Π ΠΠΠΠΠ
Platelets play an important role in initiating atherothrombosis, i.e. the formation of blood clots inside a blood vessel at areas of atherosclerotic vascular injury. The functional (prothrombotic) activity of platelets significantly varies both in healthy individuals and in patients with cardiovascular diseases. The increased platelet production and turnover may be one of the reasons for promoting platelet activity. Stimulating thrombocytopoiesis results in large and reticular (with an increased amount of RNA) "young" platelets in the bloodstream. These platelets contain more adhesive receptors, more secretory granules and have an increased aggregation capacity. The review provides data indicating that large and reticular platelets are not only markers, but also predictors of atherothrombotic events, and primarily of acute coronary syndrome. An increase in such platelet count in patients receiving antiplatelet drugs is associated with a decrease in effectiveness of their antiplatelet action. It is assumed that the appearance of large and reticular platelets in the blood of patients with atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis may be a consequence of an increase in the thrombopoietic activity of megakaryocytes in these pathological conditions.Π’ΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π° β ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ
ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ². Π€ΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ (ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ) Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ·Π° Π² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ (Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π ΠΠ) Β«ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅Β» ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ Π°Π΄Π³Π΅Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ» ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅, ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°. Π£Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ, Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π³Π°ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ
Geometric estimation of volcanic eruption column height from GOES-R near-limb imagery-Part 2: Case studies
In a companion paper (HorvΓ‘th et al., 2021), we introduced a new technique to estimate volcanic eruption column height from extremely oblique near-limb geostationary views. The current paper demonstrates and validates the technique in a number of recent eruptions, ranging from ones with weak columnar plumes to subplinian events with massive umbrella clouds and overshooting tops that penetrate the stratosphere. Due to its purely geometric nature, the new method is shown to be unaffected by the limitations of the traditional brightness temperature method, such as height underestimation in subpixel and semitransparent plumes, ambiguous solutions near the tropopause temperature inversion, or the lack of solutions in undercooled plumes. The side view height estimates were in good agreement with plume heights derived from ground-based video and satellite stereo observations, suggesting they can be a useful complement to established techniques
Estimation Method for Vector Field Divergence of Earth Crust Deformations in the Process of Mineral Deposits Development
An essential requirement for effective and safe deposit development is good geomechanical software. Nowadays software packages based on finite element method are used extensively to estimate stress-strain state of the rock mass. Their quality use can only be assured if boundary conditions and integral mechanical properties of the rock mass are known. In mining engineering this objective has always been achieved by means of experimental observations. The main source of information on initial and man-induced stress-strain state of the rock mass is natural measurement of displacement characteristics. Measurement of geodetic data (coordinates, heights, directions) in the period between alteration cycles allows to plot a field of displacement vectors for the points in question. Taken together, displacement vectors provide information on the objective stress-strain state of the Earth crust. Basing on it, strain tensors, displacement components, directions and rates of compression and tension can be calculated in the examined area. However, differential characteristics of any physical vector field β namely, curl and divergence β need to be taken into account. Divergence is a single value (scalar) associated with a single point. Vector field as a whole can be described with divergence scalar field. Divergence indicates the sign (positive or negative) of volume changes in the infinitesimal region of space and characterizes vector flux in the nearest proximity and in all directions from a given point. In the paper authors propose a method to estimate divergence using discrete geodetic observations of displacement occurring on the surface of examined territory. It requires construction of formulas that model vector field for any point of the area. It is proposed to use power polynomials that describe displacement in three directions (x, y, z). These formulas allow to estimate field vectors in any given point, i.e. to form vector tubes. Then areas of input and output cross-section, as well as divergence values are calculated. This increases the quality of geodetic observation and provides opportunities for more precise modeling of the rock mass disrupted by mining operations, using modern software packages
Diagnostics of thrombocytopenias
Laboratory methods used for the diagnostics of thrombocytopenias are reviewed. Differential diagnosis is usually carried out between immune and hypoproductive forms of thrombocytopenia. Immune thrombocytopenias are caused by appearance in blood of antiplatelet abtibodies and accelerated destruction of platelets sensibilized by those antibodies, and hypoproductive thrombocytopenias - by impaired platelet production in the bone marrow. Main directions of the laboratory diagnostics of thrombocytopenias - analysis of auto - and alloautoantibodies and evaluation of platelet production and turnover in the blood stream. The following methods are used for the investigation of antiplatelet antibodies: 1) measurement of platelet associated immunoglobulins; 2) determination of circulating antibodies reacting with platelets; 3) determination of antibodies using antigen specific methods - by their reactivity with isolated platelet antigens (glycoproteins). Efficacy of platelet production could be assessed by measuring in blood the amount of βyoungβ (reticulated) platelets. One more method for the evaluation of platelet production as well as the rate of platelet turnover - measurement of plasma soluble glycocalicin, glycoprotein Ib fragment shed from the surface of platelets upon their destruction in spleen and liver. In patients with immune thrombocytopenia autoantibodies are evaluated in all cases, the percentage of reticulated platelets is significantly increased and the amount of plasma glycocalicin is within the normal range or increased. In patients with hypoproductive thrombocytopenia autoantibodies are not detected or detected at low level, the percentage of reticulated platelets is within the normal range or slightly increased and the amount of plasma glycocalicin is lowered. Diagnostics of hapten forms of immune thromocytopenias (heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and others) and of alloimmune thrombocytopenias (neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia in particular) are considered in the separate sections of this review
ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠ Π« β ΠΠΠΠ«Π Π€ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ Π‘Π£ΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠΠ¦ΠΠ ΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠΠΠ£ΠΠ―ΠΠ’ΠΠ
A ptamers are a new class of oligonucleotide compounds capable of specific binding to various molecular targets and inhibiting their activity. Aptamers are selected from a library of randomly syn-thesized oligonucleotides (from 20 to 60 nucleotides long) based on their ability to bind to the target molecule. In the future, such primary aptamers can be chemically modified to optimize their structure and increase stability. Aptamers are considered to be chemical (oligonucleotide) analogues of monoclonal antibodies: their specificity is similar to that of antibodies, and they have high affinity to their targets. Aptamers are widely used to create pharmacological medicines. As pharmacological substances, they have a number of benefits over antibodies and other protein molecules. Aptamers are practically non-immunogenic, chemically synthesized without the use of biological producers, and their antidotes can easily be created using complementary sequences. The review highlights reports devoted to the development of new anticoagulant aptamer-based medications. The most detailed studies, both preclinical and clinical (various phases of clinical trials), were performed in relation to the study of aptamers against vWF, factor IX and thrombin.Β Β ΠΠΏΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡ
Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠΏΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈΠ· Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² (Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΎΡ 20 Π΄ΠΎ 60 Π½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²) ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉ-ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ. Π Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠΏΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ (ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ) Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π», Ρ. ΠΊ. ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° (Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ) ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΌ. ΠΠΏΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΏΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½Ρ, ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. Π ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ°Π³ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ (Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π· ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ), Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΠΈΠ»Π»Π΅Π±ΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°, ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° IX ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°.Β
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