843 research outputs found
Experimental investigation of Lord Kelvins isentropic cooling and heating expression in tensile bars for two engineering alloys
Solids when rapidly and elastically stressed change temperature, the effect
proposed by Lord Kelvin is adiabatic thermo-elastic cooling or heating
depending on the sign of the stress. A fast sensitive IR camera has measured
temperature both decreasing and increasing. Temperature measurements made from
the reversible, elastic part of the stress-strain curve during fast uniaxial
tensile loading have been investigated. The isentropic temperature cooling from
the loading curve is recovered by heating after the specimen fractures when the
load is released. These measurements establish for the first time isentropic
thermal recovery in two engineering alloys. The materials tested are an AISI
4340 steel and an aluminum 2024 alloy. Measurements of the isentropic
thermo-elastic stress cooling are -0.61 K/GPa for steel and -1.7 K/GPa for
aluminum alloy. The isentropic thermo-elastic stress heating is -1.16 K/GPa for
steel and -1.6 K/GPa for aluminum alloy. The isentropic, elastic part of the
temperature is fully recoverable even after extensive plastic deformation upon
fracture
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Controlling Charge and Current Neutralization of an Ion Beam Pulse in a Background Plasma by Application of a Solenoidal Magnetic Field I: Weak Magnetic Field Limit
Propagation of an intense charged particle beam pulse through a background plasma is a common problem in astrophysics and plasma applications. The plasma can effectively neutralize the charge and current of the beam pulse, and thus provides a convenient medium for beam transport. The application of a small solenoidal magnetic field can drastically change the self-magnetic and self- electric fields of the beam pulse, thus allowing effective control of the beam transport through the background plasma. An analytic model is developed to describe the self-magnetic field of a finite- length ion beam pulse propagating in a cold background plasma in a solenoidal magnetic field. The analytic studies show that the solenoidal magnetic field starts to infuence the self-electric and self-magnetic fields when ωce > ωpeβb, where ωce = eβ/mec is the electron gyrofrequency, ωpe is the electron plasma frequency, and βb = Vb/c is the ion beam velocity relative to the speed of light. This condition typically holds for relatively small magnetic fields (about 100G). Analytical formulas are derived for the effective radial force acting on the beam ions, which can be used to minimize beam pinching. The results of analytic theory have been verified by comparison with the simulation results obtained from two particle-in-cell codes, which show good agreement
Particle-in-cell modeling of magnetized argon plasma flow through small mechanical apertures
Efficient quasi-monoenergetic ion beams from laser-driven relativistic plasmas
Table-top laser-plasma ion accelerators have many exciting applications, many of which require ion beams with simultaneous narrow energy spread and high conversion efficiency. However, achieving these requirements has been elusive. Here we report the experimental demonstration of laser-driven ion beams with narrow energy spread and energies up to 18 MeV per nucleon and similar to 5% conversion efficiency (that is 4 J out of 80-J laser). Using computer simulations we identify a self-organizing scheme that reduces the ion energy spread after the laser exits the plasma through persisting self-generated plasma electric (similar to 10(12) V m(-1)) and magnetic (similar to 10(4) T) fields. These results contribute to the development of next generation compact accelerators suitable for many applications such as isochoric heating for ion-fast ignition and producing warm dense matter for basic science
Efficient quasi-monoenergetic ion beams from laser-driven relativistic plasmas
Table-top laser-plasma ion accelerators have many exciting applications, many of which require ion beams with simultaneous narrow energy spread and high conversion efficiency. However, achieving these requirements has been elusive. Here we report the experimental demonstration of laser-driven ion beams with narrow energy spread and energies up to 18 MeV per nucleon and similar to 5% conversion efficiency (that is 4 J out of 80-J laser). Using computer simulations we identify a self-organizing scheme that reduces the ion energy spread after the laser exits the plasma through persisting self-generated plasma electric (similar to 10(12) V m(-1)) and magnetic (similar to 10(4) T) fields. These results contribute to the development of next generation compact accelerators suitable for many applications such as isochoric heating for ion-fast ignition and producing warm dense matter for basic science
Heavy Quark Photoproduction in k_T Factorization Approach
We investigate the heavy quark photoproduction based on the k_T factorization
approach, focusing on the results from the saturation model. The deviations in
the results using the unintegrated gluon distribution considering the
saturation model and the derivative of the collinear gluon distribution are
analysed. Total cross sections and p_T distributions are analysed in detail,
setting the deviations between the color dipole approximation and the complete
semihard approach.Comment: 18 pages, 7 figures, minor changes, references added. Accepted for
publication in Phys. Rev.
Search for Doubly-Charged Higgs Boson Production at HERA
A search for the single production of doubly-charged Higgs bosons H^{\pm \pm}
in ep collisions is presented. The signal is searched for via the Higgs decays
into a high mass pair of same charge leptons, one of them being an electron.
The analysis uses up to 118 pb^{-1} of ep data collected by the H1 experiment
at HERA. No evidence for doubly-charged Higgs production is observed and mass
dependent upper limits are derived on the Yukawa couplings h_{el} of the Higgs
boson to an electron-lepton pair. Assuming that the doubly-charged Higgs only
decays into an electron and a muon via a coupling of electromagnetic strength
h_{e \mu} = \sqrt{4 \pi \alpha_{em}} = 0.3, a lower limit of 141 GeV on the
H^{\pm\pm} mass is obtained at the 95% confidence level. For a doubly-charged
Higgs decaying only into an electron and a tau and a coupling h_{e\tau} = 0.3,
masses below 112 GeV are ruled out.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures, 1 tabl
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