Las constelaciones literarias como proyecto educativo para incentivar la lectura del género poético: “Las cuatro galaxias de Góngora”

Hace ya tiempo que numerosos investigadores comparten la convicción de que la educación literaria de los adolescentes reclama otros caminos que los habitualmente transitados. Con la intención de renovar las iniciativas educativas, se diseñó una propuesta de intervención pedagógica basada en el concepto de las “constelaciones literarias” de Jover (2007), y fundamentada en las estrategias de innovación docente de la gamificación (Marín 2015). En este contexto, se presenta un proyecto de innovación educativo centrado en el fomento del hábito lector titulado “Las cuatro galaxias de Góngora: un universo de estrellas por descubrir”. En él. se ofrece una propuesta de incentivación a la lectura del género poético que consiste en la creación de cuatro itinerarios lectores a partir de cuatro poemas del escritor barroco Luis de Góngora y Argote. Los resultados obtenidos han sido positivos, gracias a esta iniciativa, no solo el alumnado mejora su comprensión lectora, sino que aumenta su interés por la poesía barroca al relacionarla intertextualmente con producciones artísticas diversas y, sobre todo, próximas a su contemporaneidad. For some time now, many researchers have shared the conviction that the literary education of adolescents requires other pathways than those habitually travelled. With the intention of renewing educational initiatives, a pedagogical intervention proposal is presented based on the concept of literary constellations by Jover, 2007, on the teaching innovation strategies of gamification. In this context, an educational innovation project focused on promoting the reading habit, entitled Gongora''s Four Galaxies:A Universe of Stars to be Discovered, is presented.The aim of that proposal is to encourage reading of the poetic genre that consists in the creation of four reading itineraries from four poems by the baroque writer Luis de Gongora y Argote. The results obtained have been positive, thanks to this initiative. Not only do students improve their literary competence, but they also increase their interest in baroque poetry by relating it intertextually with diverse artistic productions and, above all, close to their contemporaneity

DiConStruct: Causal Concept-based Explanations through Black-Box Distillation

Model interpretability plays a central role in human-AI decision-making systems. Ideally, explanations should be expressed using human-interpretable semantic concepts. Moreover, the causal relations between these concepts should be captured by the explainer to allow for reasoning about the explanations. Lastly, explanation methods should be efficient and not compromise the performance of the predictive task. Despite the rapid advances in AI explainability in recent years, as far as we know to date, no method fulfills these three properties. Indeed, mainstream methods for local concept explainability do not produce causal explanations and incur a trade-off between explainability and prediction performance. We present DiConStruct, an explanation method that is both concept-based and causal, with the goal of creating more interpretable local explanations in the form of structural causal models and concept attributions. Our explainer works as a distillation model to any black-box machine learning model by approximating its predictions while producing the respective explanations. Because of this, DiConStruct generates explanations efficiently while not impacting the black-box prediction task. We validate our method on an image dataset and a tabular dataset, showing that DiConStruct approximates the black-box models with higher fidelity than other concept explainability baselines, while providing explanations that include the causal relations between the concepts.Comment: Accepted at Conference on Causal Learning and Reasoning (CLeaR 2024, https://www.cclear.cc/2024). To be published at Proceedings of Machine Learning Research (PMLR

Reflexiones metodológicas en torno a la Semántica: el caso de la ambigüedad y la sinonimia

La Semántica sigue siendo una disciplina que queda en un segundo plano en la clase de Lengua y Literatura. En algunos libros de texto, se establecen ejercicios sistemáticos que tienden a la repetición de las definiciones y dejan a un lado el aprendizaje significativo del alumnado. Sin embargo, los fenómenos semánticos son una oportunidad perfecta para convertir a los alumnos en los protagonistas de la reflexión metalingüística. En este trabajo se presenta una reflexión sobre dos de los fenómenos semánticos estudiados a lo largo de toda la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria: la ambigüedad léxica y la sinonimia. El objetivo que se persigue es doble: por un lado, actualizar la base teórica relativa a estos fenómenos y, por otro lado, mostrar cómo es posible enriquecer los materiales y actividades de los que disponemos en el aula. De esta manera, se establecen pautas para la mejora del estudio del significado. Semantics is still a field that is normally upstaged in the classroom. Repetitive exercises, that leave no room for significant learning, can be found in many textbooks. However, semantic phenomena represent the perfect opportunity for the students to be at the fore and to activate their metalinguistic abilities. In this paper a reflection on two semantic phenomena is presented: lexical ambiguity and synonymy. The aim of this paper is double: on the one hand, to update the theoretical background regarding these phenomena; on the other hand, to show how to enrichen the materials and activities that are already available in the classrooms. By doing so, guidelines to improve the study of meaning will be established

Solvothermal synthesis of lanthanide-functionalized graphene oxide nanocomposites

We propose a facile approach to the preparation of graphene oxide (GO) composites with lanthanide (Ln) oxide/hydroxide nanoparticles (Ln = La, Eu, Gd, Tb) under relatively mild conditions by two different procedures of solvothermal synthesis. The mechanism of GO-Ln nanocomposite formation is thought to involve the initial coordination of Ln3+ ions to the oxygen-containing groups of GO as nucleation sites, followed by f Ln2O3 and Ln(OH)3 nanoparticle growth. The nanocomposites obtained preserve the intrinsic planar honeycomb-like structures of graphene as proven by the typical G and D bands in the Raman spectra. Fourier-transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirm the interaction between oxygen-containing groups of GO and Ln ions. The size and distribution of Ln oxide/hydroxide nanoparticles on GO sheets, estimated from scanning and transmission electron microscopy images, vary broadly for the different lanthanides. The size can span from sub-nm dimensions for Eu oxide to more than 10 μm for Eu hydroxide nanoparticles. The most homogeneous distribution of Ln oxide/hydroxide nanoparticles was found in La-containing composites. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that all the GO-Ln nanocomposites are thermally less stable, by up to 30 °C than pristine GO.</p

Eco-friendly synthesis of graphene oxide–palladium nanohybrids

Nanostructured hybrids of graphene oxide and palladium were fabricated by means of one-step solvent-free gas phase treatment of graphene oxide with the aliphatic amines 1-octadecylamine and 1,8-diaminooctane, followed by in situ decoration with palladium in the liquid medium using palladium chloride as the precursor and citric acid as a mild and environmentally friendly stabilizing and reducing agent. The proposed synthesis method represents an eco-friendly alternative for obtaining nanohybrids of graphene oxide and palladium nanoparticles under mild conditions. Spectroscopic studies evidenced -COOH group derivatization of graphene due to the amidation reaction; transmission electron microscopy demonstrated the formation of nanometer-sized crystalline palladium particles and evidenced that the diamine-functionalization results in a larger particle sizes than observed for monoamine- or non-functionalized substrates. The hybrids obtained have a slightly lower thermal stability than pristine graphene oxide.</p

The Wigner function associated to the Rogers-Szego polynomials

We show here that besides the well known Hermite polynomials, the q-deformed harmonic oscillator algebra admits another function space associated to a particular family of q-polynomials, namely the Rogers-Szego polynomials. Their main properties are presented, the associated Wigner function is calculated and its properties are discussed. It is shown that the angle probability density obtained from the Wigner function is a well-behaved function defined in the interval [-Pi,Pi), while the action probability only assumes integer values greater or equal than zero. It is emphasized the fact that the width of the angle probability density is governed by the free parameter q characterizing the polynomial.Comment: 12 pages, 2 (mathemathica) figure

Wigner function for twisted photons

A comprehensive theory of the Weyl-Wigner formalism for the canonical pair angle-angular momentum is presented, with special emphasis in the implications of rotational periodicity and angular-momentum discreteness.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

Performance deficits of NK1 receptor knockout mice in the 5 choice serial reaction time task: effects of d Amphetamine, stress and time of day.

Background The neurochemical status and hyperactivity of mice lacking functional substance P-preferring NK1 receptors (NK1R-/-) resemble abnormalities in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Here we tested whether NK1R-/- mice express other core features of ADHD (impulsivity and inattentiveness) and, if so, whether they are diminished by d-amphetamine, as in ADHD. Prompted by evidence that circadian rhythms are disrupted in ADHD, we also compared the performance of mice that were trained and tested in the morning or afternoon. Methods and Results The 5-Choice Serial Reaction-Time Task (5-CSRTT) was used to evaluate the cognitive performance of NK1R-/- mice and their wildtypes. After training, animals were tested using a long (LITI) and a variable (VITI) inter-trial interval: these tests were carried out with, and without, d-amphetamine pretreatment (0.3 or 1 mg/kg i.p.). NK1R-/- mice expressed greater omissions (inattentiveness), perseveration and premature responses (impulsivity) in the 5-CSRTT. In NK1R-/- mice, perseveration in the LITI was increased by injection-stress but reduced by d-amphetamine. Omissions by NK1R-/- mice in the VITI were unaffected by d-amphetamine, but premature responses were exacerbated by this psychostimulant. Omissions in the VITI were higher, overall, in the morning than the afternoon but, in the LITI, premature responses of NK1R-/- mice were higher in the afternoon than the morning. Conclusion In addition to locomotor hyperactivity, NK1R-/- mice express inattentiveness, perseveration and impulsivity in the 5-CSRTT, thereby matching core criteria for a model of ADHD. Because d-amphetamine reduced perseveration in NK1R-/- mice, this action does not require functional NK1R. However, the lack of any improvement of omissions and premature responses in NK1R-/- mice given d-amphetamine suggests that beneficial effects of this psychostimulant in other rodent models, and ADHD patients, need functional NK1R. Finally, our results reveal experimental variables (stimulus parameters, stress and time of day) that could influence translational studies

Synthesis of BiOI/Mordenite Composites for Photocatalytic Treatment of Organic Pollutants Present in Agro-Industrial Wastewater

Recently, bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI) is an attractive semiconductor to use in heterogeneous photocatalysis processes. Unfortunately, BiOI individually shows limited photocatalytic efficiency, instability, and a quick recombination of electron/holes. Considering the practical application of this semiconductor, some studies show that synthetic zeolites provide good support for this photocatalyst. This support material permits a better photocatalytic efficiency because it prevents the quick recombination of photogenerated pairs. However, the optimal conditions (time and temperature) to obtain composites (BiOI/ synthetic zeolite) with high photocatalytic efficiency using a coprecipitation-solvothermal growth method have not yet been reported. In this study, a response surface methodology (RSM) based on a central composite design (CCD) was applied to optimize the synthesis conditions of BiOI/mordenite composites. For this purpose, eleven BiOI/mordenite composites were synthesized using a combined coprecipitation-solvothermal method under different time and temperature conditions. The photocatalytic activities of the synthesized composites were evaluated after 20 min of photocatalytic oxidation of caffeic acid, a typical organic pollutant found in agro-industrial wastewater. Moreover, BiOI/mordenite composites with the highest and lowest photocatalytic activity were physically and chemically characterized using nitrogen adsorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The optimal synthesis conditions prove to be 187 °C and 9 h. In addition, the changes applied to the experimental conditions led to surface property modifications that influenced the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the BiOI/mordenite composite toward caffeic acid photodegradation