11 research outputs found

    Methodological guide: Community participatory inventory and prioritization of climate-smart crop-livestock agroforestry technologies / practices

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    This guide addresses the issue of identifying priority interventions for communities in the face of climate change. The manual is about participatory approach of inventorizing and prioritizing climate-smart crop-livestock-agroforestry and social technologies / practices. The guide provides a step by step guidance on how project/extension workers can work with communities and other development stakeholders in the target sites to identify practices that can help local communities to better adapt to climate variability in production. The guide was developed within the framework of a project “Building resilient agro-sylvo-pastoral systems in West Africa through participatory action research” (BRAS-PAR)” which is one ofthe flagship 2 projects funded by the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). The flagship 2 of CCAFS, which is about climate-smart technologies and practices, addresses the challenge of how to transition to a climate-smart agriculture (CSA) at a large scale for enabling agricultural systems to be transformed and reoriented to support food security under the new realities of climate change. Led by ICRAF-WCA/Sahel, the BRAS-PAR project is being implemented by a consortium of National research institutes in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Niger and Senegal, IUCN, and ILRI

    Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic profile of the umbilical cord prolapse at the Befelatanana University Hospital Centre of Obstetric Gynecology in Antananarivo, Madagascar

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    Background: Umbilical cord prolapse is a major obstetrical emergency that threatens the fetal prognosis during labor. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiologic and clinical profile of pulsatile cord prolapse at the Befelatanana University Hospital of Obstetric Gynecology.Methods: It is about a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at the Befelatanana University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Antananarivo over a period of 3 years, from January 1st, 2012 to December 31st, 2014. We have identified all cases of umbilical cord prolapse. We studied obstetric, neonatal and maternal parameters.Results: We found 70 cases of pulsatile umbilical cord prolapse, a prevalence of 0.28% of deliveries. The average age of the patients was 28 ± 3.2 years with extremes ranging from 18 to 43 years. Multiparous women predominated with (51.43%) Pregnancy was long term, with 71.43% of cases associated with placenta praevia, lateral prolapse of the limb, long cord and contracted pelvis. The prolapse of the cord was 1st degree with 44.29% of cases. All patients had received (100%) of oxygen therapy. Almost all patients were caesarized (95.71%). Neonatal complications were represented by admission to neonatal intensive care unit (32.86%), perinatal asphyxia (31.43%), prematurity (28.57%), neonatal infection (4.29%) and neonatal death (10%).Conclusions: The umbilical cord prolapse is relatively rare. Fetal extraction in the shortest possible time, especially when the cord is externalized, which is the main determining factor of neonatal prognosis

    Guide methodologique: MĂ©thode communautaire participative d’inventaire et de priorisation des technologies / pratiques d’agriculture Ă©levage-agroforesterie climato-intelligentes

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    Ce guide traite des questions d’identification des interventions prioritaires pour les communautés dans le contexte du changement climatique. Il s’agit d’une approche participative d’inventaire et de priorisation des technologies / pratiques d’agriculture-élevage-agroforesterie et sociales climato-intelligentes. Le guide fournit aux agents de terrain un accompagnement et́ape par et́ape pour travailler avec les acteurs clédans les sites cibles, pour identifier les pratiques prometteuses qui aideraient ces derniers às’adapter aux variabilités climatiques dans leurs activités de production. Le guide a étéproduit dans le cadre d’un projet “Building resilient agro-sylvopastoral systems in West Africa through participatory action research” (BRASPAR)” qui est l’un des projets de la Composante 2 financée par le programme de recherche du CGIAR sur les Changements Climatiques, l’Agriculture etla Seć urité Alimentaire (CCAFS). La composante 2 du CCAFS, quitraite des pratiques ettechnologies climato-intelligentes, s’attaque aux défis de comment passer àune agriculture climato-intelligente (ACI) àplus grande échelle pour permettre aux system̀ es agricoles d’et̂re transformeś et reó rienteś pour soutenir la seć uritéalimentaire dans le contexte actuel de changement climatique. Pilotépar l’ICRAFWCA/Sahel, le projet BRAS- PAR est mis en Ɠuvre au Burkina Faso, Ghana, Niger et Seń eǵ al par un consortium d’institutions nationales de recherche (INERA, SARI, INRAN et ISRA), IUCN et ILRI

    Effet des Variables Agro-Écologiques sur la Distribution de la VĂ©gĂ©tation de la RĂŽneraie AnthropisĂ©e de Dasga au Niger

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    Cette Ă©tude a pour objectif de contribuer Ă  la gestion durable de la rĂŽneraie de Dasga Ă  travers l’analyse de la phytodiversitĂ© et des paramĂštres Ă©cologiques influençant la distribution de sa vĂ©gĂ©tation. Les mĂ©thodes de relevĂ© phytosociologique et d’analyses multivariĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©es. Les relevĂ©s de la vĂ©gĂ©tation ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©s selon l’approche sigmatiste de Braun-Blanquet (1932) et les techniques d’analyses multivariĂ©es employĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© celles relatives Ă  l’analyse factorielle des correspondances dĂ©tendancĂ©es (DCA) et l’analyse canonique des correspondances (CCA). Au total 144 espĂšces rĂ©parties dans 100 genres et 50 familles ont Ă©tĂ© recensĂ©es Ă  partir de 68 relevĂ©s. Cette flore a Ă©tĂ© dominĂ©e par une forte prĂ©sence des thĂ©rophytes et d’espĂšces Ă  large distribution pantropicale et palĂ©otropicale, montrant ainsi un environnement aride et perturbĂ©. Les analyses multivariĂ©es (DCA et CCA) ont permis d’identifier les gradients de distribution des plantes. Parmi les variables testĂ©es, seules la pente et les cultures se sont revelĂ©es dĂ©terminantes dans la structuration de la vĂ©gĂ©tation par le test de permutation de Monte Carlo. Ces variables agro-Ă©cologiques sembleraient ĂȘtre les paramĂštres majeurs de la distribution des espĂšces vĂ©gĂ©tales dans cette rĂŽneraie. Ainsi la comprĂ©hension des relations entre la vĂ©gĂ©tation et les paramĂštres Ă©cologiques peut ĂȘtre utilisĂ©e comme outil d’amĂ©nagement durable des rĂŽneraies au Niger. The objective of this study is to contribute to the sustainable management of the Dasga palm trees forest by analyzing the phytodiversity and ecological parameters guiding the distribution of vegetation. The methods of phytosociological survey and multivariate analyzes were used. The vegetation surveys were carried out according to the sigmatistic approach of Braun-Blanquet (1932) and the multivariate analysis techniques used were those relating to factorial analysis of relaxed correspondence (DCA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). A total of 144 species belonging to 100 genera and 50 families were recorded from 68 plots. This flora is dominated by a strong presence of therophytes and species with broad pantropical and palaeotropical distribution, thusshowing an arid and perturbed environment. The multivariate analyzes (DCA and CCA) sow among the variables tested; only the slope and the crops were determinants in the structuring of the vegetation by the Monte Carlo permutation test. These ecological variables would appear to be the major parameters of species distribution. Thus the understanding of the relationships between vegetation and ecological parameters can be used as a tool for sustainable management of this palm trees forest

    Participatory analysis of vulnerability and adaptation to climate change: a methodological guide for working with rural communities. ICRAF Occasional Paper No. 19

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    This methodological guide was designed to help researchers and development workers to conduct a participatory analysis of vulnerability and adaptation to climate change (PAVACC) with rural communities, and to develop action plans that reflect the concerns of the rural communities. The approach helps rural communities to assess their vulnerability to climate change, and to identify and plan appropriate activities to reduce their vulnerability. In addition, it helps them to organize and analyze information about the vulnerability and resilience of their community, households and individuals, and to use local knowledge about coping strategies to help them adapt to climate change

    Analyse participative de la vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© et de l’adaptation aux changements climatiques: un guide mĂ©thodologique

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    La vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© au changement climatique est un indicateur de sensibilitĂ© ou d’incapacitĂ© d’un systĂšme Ă  faire face aux effets dĂ©favorables des variabilitĂ©s et risques climatiques. Les communautĂ©s rurales connaissent mieux leurs situations. Elles ont leur façon de percevoir le phĂ©nomĂšne de changement climatique; alors toute analyse de la vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© aux risques climatiques devrait s’appuyer sur leurs connaissances des conditions locales
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