15,420 research outputs found
Comment on ``Quantum Phase Transition of the Randomly Diluted Heisenberg Antiferromagnet on a Square Lattice''
In Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4204 (2000) (cond-mat/9905379), Kato et al. presented
quantum Monte Carlo results indicating that the critical concentration of
random non-magnetic sites in the two-dimensional antiferromagnetic Heisenberg
model equals the classical percolation density; pc=0.407254. The data also
suggested a surprising dependence of the critical exponents on the spin S of
the magnetic sites, with a gradual approach to the classical percolation
exponents as S goes to infinity. I here argue that the exponents in fact are
S-independent and equal to those of classical percolation. The apparent
S-dependent behavior found by Kato et al. is due to temperature effects in the
simulations as well as a quantum effect that masks the true asymptotic scaling
behavior for small lattices.Comment: Comment on Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4204 (2000), by K. Kato et al.; 1
page, 1 figur
Coulomb blockade and Non-Fermi-liquid behavior in quantum dots
The non-Fermi-liquid properties of an ultrasmall quantum dot coupled to a
lead and to a quantum box are investigated. Tuning the ratio of the tunneling
amplitudes to the lead and box, we find a line of two-channel Kondo fixed
points for arbitrary Coulomb repulsion on the dot, governing the transition
between two distinct Fermi-liquid regimes. The Fermi liquids are characterized
by different values of the conductance. For an asymmetric dot, spin and charge
degrees of freedom are entangled: a continuous transition from a spin to a
charge two-channel Kondo effect evolves. The crossover temperature to the
two-channel Kondo effect is greatly enhanced away from the local-moment regime,
making this exotic effect accessible in realistic quantum-dot devices.Comment: 5 figure
An Economic Risk Analysis of Tillage and Cropping Systems on the Arkansas Grand Prairie
No-till (NT) has been shown to reduce fuel, labor, and machinery costs compared to conventional-till (CT) but very few rice producers in Arkansas practice NT. The low adoption rate is most likely due to difficulties in management but also limited information on the profitability and risk of NT. Most rice producers are knowledgeable on NT costs savings but consider it less profitable due to yield reductions offsetting costs savings. This study evaluates production costs, crop yields, and economic risk of both NT and CT in five rice-based cropping systems (continuous rice, rice-soybean, rice-corn, rice-wheat, and rice-wheat-soybean-wheat). Yields, crop prices, and key input prices are simulated to create net return distributions. Stochastic efficiency with respect to a function (SERF) is used to evaluate profitability and risk efficiency. Results indicate that a risk-neutral and risk-averse producer in either NT or CT would prefer a rice-soybean rotation. NT would be preferred over CT in the rice-soybean rotation across all risk preferences. Overall, risk-neutral producers would prefer NT in four of five cropping systems while risk-averse producers would prefer NT in three of five cropping systems.cropping systems, rice, no-till, certainty equivalent, risk premium, Crop Production/Industries, Farm Management, Financial Economics, Land Economics/Use, Production Economics, Risk and Uncertainty,
Assessing the Impacts of Soil Carbon Credits and Risk on No-Till Rice Profitability
Rice is a major cash crop in eastern Arkansas, but most rice acres are intensively cultivated and grown on rented land. No-till is an effective means of sequestering soil carbon and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and economic incentives exist for no-till in the form of carbon credits. Studies evaluating the economic potential of carbon credits focus on producers only and do not take into consideration the landlord’s perspective. This analysis evaluates the profitability and risk efficiency of no-till management and carbon credits in Arkansas rice production from the prospective if the landlord using simulation and stochastic efficiency with respect to a function (SERF). The results indicate carbon credits may have potential to enhance preference for no-till in rice production by risk-averse landlords.certainty equivalent, landlord, no-till, rice, risk premium, Farm Management, Production Economics, Risk and Uncertainty,
The Impacts of Farm Size and Economic Risk on No-Till Rice Whole-Farm Profitability
This study evaluated the impacts of farm size and stochastic return variability on no-till (NT) rice profitability at the whole-farm level. Mixed integer programming was used to determine optimal machinery complements, fuel consumption, and machinery labor requirements for conventional till (CT) and NT rice-soybean farms of 1200, 2400, and 3600 acres in size. Crop yields, market prices, and prices for key production inputs were simulated to construct stochastic whole-farm net returns for each farm size under CT and NT management, and both first and second degree stochastic dominance analysis were used to rank cumulative distribution functions of whole-farm returns according to specified risk preferences. The results indicate NT farms exhibit second degree stochastic dominance over CT farms regardless of farm size, and high input prices have less downward effect on the profitability of NT farms relative to CT farms.mixed integer programming, no-till, profitability, rice, risk, simulation, stochastic dominance, whole-farm, Farm Management, Production Economics, Risk and Uncertainty,
A Search For Solar Hadronic Axions Using Kr-83
We introduce a new experimental method for solar hadronic axions search. It
is suggested that these axions are created in the Sun during M1 transition
between the first thermally excited level at 9.4 keV and the ground state in
. Our method is based on axion detection via resonant absorption
process by the same nucleus in the laboratory. We use proportional gas counter
filled with krypton to detect signals for axions. With this setup, target and
detector are the same which increases the efficiency of the experiment. At
present, an upper limit on hadronic axion mass of 5.5 keV at the 95% confidence
level is obtained.Comment: 3 pages, contribution to ISRP9 Conference in Cape Town 2003. Version
accepted by Radiat. Phys. Che
Constant net-time headway as key mechanism behind pedestrian flow dynamics
We show that keeping a constant lower limit on the net-time headway is the
key mechanism behind the dynamics of pedestrian streams. There is a large
variety in flow and speed as functions of density for empirical data of
pedestrian streams, obtained from studies in different countries. The net-time
headway however, stays approximately constant over all these different data
sets. By using this fact, we demonstrate how the underlying dynamics of
pedestrian crowds, naturally follows from local interactions. This means that
there is no need to come up with an arbitrary fit function (with arbitrary fit
parameters) as has traditionally been done. Further, by using not only the
average density values, but the variance as well, we show how the recently
reported stop-and-go waves [Helbing et al., Physical Review E, 75, 046109]
emerge when local density variations take values exceeding a certain maximum
global (average) density, which makes pedestrians stop.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure
Direct angiotensin AT2 receptor stimulation using a novel AT2 receptor agonist, compound 21, evokes neuroprotection in conscious hypertensive rats
Background:
In this study, the neuroprotective effect of a novel nonpeptide AT2R agonist, C21, was examined in a conscious model of stroke to verify a class effect of AT2R agonists as neuroprotective agents.
Methods and Results:
Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were pre-treated for 5 days prior to stroke with C21 alone or in combination with the AT2R antagonist PD123319. In a separate series of experiments C21 was administered in a series of 4 doses commencing 6 hours after stroke. A focal reperfusion model of ischemia was induced in conscious SHR by administering endothelin-1 to the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Motor coordination was assessed at 1 and 3 days after stroke and post mortem analyses of infarct volumes, microglia activation and neuronal survival were performed at 72 hours post MCA occlusion. When given prior to stroke, C21 dose dependently decreased infarct volume, which is consistent with the behavioural findings illustrating an improvement in motor deficit. During the pre-treatment protocol C21 was shown to enhance microglia activation, which are likely to be evoking protection by releasing brain derived neurotrophic factor. When drug administration was delayed until 6 hours after stroke, C21 still reduced brain injury.
Conclusion:
These results indicate that centrally administered C21 confers neuroprotection against stroke damage. This benefit is likely to involve various mechanisms, including microglial activation of endogenous repair and enhanced cerebroperfusion. Thus, we have confirmed the neuroprotective effect of AT2R stimulation using a nonpeptide compound which highlights the clinical potential of the AT2R agonists for future development
Dynamical mean field solution of the Bose-Hubbard model
We present the effective action and self-consistency equations for the
bosonic dynamical mean field (B-DMFT) approximation to the bosonic Hubbard
model and show that it provides remarkably accurate phase diagrams and
correlation functions. To solve the bosonic dynamical mean field equations we
use a continuous-time Monte Carlo method for bosonic impurity models based on a
diagrammatic expansion in the hybridization and condensate coupling. This
method is readily generalized to bosonic mixtures, spinful bosons, and
Bose-Fermi mixtures.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures. includes supplementary materia
The Fermi Surface Effect on Magnetic Interlayer Coupling
The oscillating magnetic interlayer coupling of Fe over spacer layers
consisting of CuPd alloys is investigated by first principles
density functional theory. The amplitude, period and phase of the coupling, as
well as the disorder-induced decay, are analyzed in detail and the consistency
to the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yoshida (RKKY) theory is discussed. For the first
time an effect of the Fermi surface nesting strength on the amplitude is
established from first principles calculations. An unexpected variation of the
phase and disorder-induced decay is obtained and the results are discussed in
terms of asymptotics
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