The comparison of under-5-year nutritional status among Fars-native, Turkman and Sistani ethnic groups in the north of Iran

Background: Under nutrition is a health problem in developing countries and the main aim of this study was determine of the nutritional status and some sociodemographic factors among rural under-5-year children in the North of Iran in 2013. Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study, which carried out on 2530 children (637 = Fars-native, 1002 = Turkman and 891 = Sistani) from 21 villages in the North of Iran. Villages were chosen by random sampling among 118, and all of under-five children were chosen by simple sampling. For all of cases, a questionnaire with contain questions on the socialdemographic condition was completed and anthropometric indexes were measured by a learned team. Anthropometric data were compared with those in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reference population. SPSS 18.0 software was used for statistical data analysis and P value under 0.05 included significations. Results: Generally, under nutrition (Z-score ≤ −2) was observed in 6.6%, 18.5% and 3.3% based on underweight, stunting and wasting, respectively and there were in boys more than girls and in Sistani more than other ethnic groups. Based on underweight and stunting, under nutrition was seen in Sistani more than other ethnic groups. Among three ethnic groups, stunting was significant both in boys (P = 0.013) and in girls (P = 0.004), but wasting was significant only in girls (P = 0.001). The estimated odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval of under nutrition was obtained from logistic regression. Compared with good economic group, the OR was 1.831 in poor economic groups (P = 0.001). The risk of under nutrition in Sistanish ethnic group was 1.754 times more than Fars-native group (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Under nutrition is a health problem among under-5-year children in rural area in the North of Iran and stunting was seen in an alarming rate among them. Among ethnic groups, Sistanish children more than others were under nourished. Poor economic status is a risk factor for under nutrition in this area. © 2015 Veghari G

Relationship between physical activity during the first 20 weeks of gestation and hypertension in pregnancy

چکیده: زمینه و هدف: اختلالات فشارخون بارداری از عوارض خطرناک بارداری است که علت آن شناخته نشده است. تلاش های اخیر برای کنترل و پیشگیری از آن بر روی عوامل مؤثر بر افزایش توان بدن برای مقابله با استرس اکسیداتیو بنا شده است. با توجه به اثرات آنتی اکسیدانت فعالیت فیزیکی، این تحقیق با هدف بررسی ارتباط بین مدت و شدت فعالیت فیزیکی با اختلالات فشارخون بارداری انجام گرفت. روش بررسی: این مطالعه از نوع مورد –شاهدی است که بر روی دو گروه 97 نفره زنان حامله با فشارخون بارداری و بدون فشارخون بارداری بستری در بیمارستانهای شهید بهشتی، الزهرا(س) و شهید صدوقی اصفهان انجام شد. میزان و مدت فعالیت فیزیکی بر حسب شدت و نوع فعالیت در بیست هفته اول بارداری در دو گروه با استفاده از پرسشنامه استاندارد فعالیت فیزیکی (MET) در دوران بارداری سنجیده شد. برای مقایسه متغیرهای کمی از آزمون t و برای متغیرهای کیفی آزمون من ویتنی استفاده شد. یافته ها: دو گروه از نظر سن، میانگین شاخص توده بدنی (BMI)، سطح تحصیلات، سن حاملگی و وضعیت اشتغال اختلاف معنی داری نداشتند. نتایج نشان داد که میزان فعالیت فیزیکی بر اساس پرسشنامه استاندارد فعالیت فیزیکی در زنان بدون فشارخون بارداری (89/14±38/30) به طور معنی داری بیشتر از گروه دارای فشارخون بالاتر (24/12±63/14) بود (001/0

To develop an integrated model for green supply chain

Supply chain management is a set of techniques used for effective and efficient integration of suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses and dealers in such a way that system costs to be minimized and goods service needs to be realized with the correct number in the right place and at the right time. Since the important role of three factors of localization, routing and assignment is not covered in the survival of a supply chain life, therefore, integration of these factors will result in an effective supply chain. This research aims to study the issue of supply chain network design including the localization of facilities, allocation flow among facilities and routing decisions. The issue is to determine the number, location and capacity levels of distribution centers, to allocate customers to distribution centers and distribution centers to suppliers and routing decisions such as determination of the products transport route from distributors to customers and type of transport vehicles so that the total cost of the system to be minimized and customer coverage to be maximized. In addition to reducing costs and increasing quality, improving the environmental performance of the supply chain and decreasing the costs of environmental degradation is also included in the proposed issue.This necessity which is known as a green supply chain is observed by choosing vehicles with lower emissions and reducing transport distances.On the other hand, this research role includes the impact of sharing information through raising and reducing waiting times for carriers. All of the above will be formulated by an integer linear programming model. Given that the mentioned issue is located in the group of problems with hard complexity, this article suggests using multi-objective meta-heuristic algorithms for optimization of the problem and compares the efficiency of the proposed algorithms with each other using several random sample problems.Keywords: Localization, routing, allocation, green supply chain, sharing informatio

MST-312 induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in APL cells through inhibition of telomerase activity and suppression of NF-κB pathway

Telomerase-targeted therapy for cancer has received great attention because telomerase is expressed in almost all cancer cells but is inactive in most normal somatic cells. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of telomerase inhibitor MST-312, a chemically modified derivative of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), on acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells. Our results showed that MST-312 exerted a dose-dependent short-term cytotoxic effect on APL cells, with G2/M cell cycle arrest. Moreover, MST-312 induced apoptosis of APL cells in caspase-mediated manner. Telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay revealed significant reduction in telomerase activity of APL cells following short-term exposure to MST-312. Interestingly, MST-312-induced telomerase inhibition was coupled with suppression of NF-κB activity as evidenced by inhibition of IκBα phosphorylation and its degradation and decreased NF-κB DNA binding activity. In addition, gene expression analysis showed downregulation of genes regulated by NF-κB, such as antiapoptotic (survivin, Bcl-2, Mcl-1), proliferative (c-Myc), and telomerase-related (hTERT) genes. Importantly, MST-312 did not show any apoptotic effect in normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In conclusion, our data suggest that dual inhibition of telomerase activity and NF-κB pathway by MST-312 represents a novel treatment strategy for APL. © 2015, International Society of Oncology and BioMarkers (ISOBM)

Comparison of ferment sugars, produce hemolysis and measuring growth in methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus isolates from inpatients and healthcare workers in Gorgan Hospitals, North of Iran

The mec A gene in Staphylococcus aureus leads to production of new penicillin-binding protein called PBP2a.This change may follow some changes in other phenotypes. The aim of this study was the comparison of Ferment Sugars, Produce Hemolysis and Measuring Growth in MRSA and MSSA isolates. 188 Staphylococcus aureus isolates separated from inpatients and healthcare workers (healthy carriers)were studied.Bacterialcultures in blood agar environment at 37°C during 24h and at 4°C during other 24h were applied for studying hemolysis. Sugar fermentation carried out in phenol red Broth medium, containing glucose, galactose, arabinose, fructose, xylose, ramnose, mannose, sucrose, trehalose, raffinose or maltose. For determining bacterial growth,bacterial concentration of 103was taken each hour during 12 cultured in MHAand colonies were counted after 24h.The mean amount of hemolysis diameter in MRSA isolates was rather more than that of MSSA isolates. The difference between MRSA and MSSA isolates were significant as to fermenting ramnose, trehalose, galactose and xylose. The mean rate of growth in MRSAwere significantly different from that of MSSAisolates (p<0.05).Resistance to methicillin in Staphylococcus aureus isolates accompanies the increase of ability to ferment sugars. This phenomenon may be one of reasons for increased pathogenicity of MRSA isolates; So results shows the logarithmic phase is longer in MRSA isolates, This may implicate that PBP2a production in methicillin-resistant isolates follows slowing down nutrients entrance into the bacterium that in turn may causes slow growth

Massive malignant pleural effusion due to lung adenocarcinoma in 13-year-old boy

A 13-year-old boy with no risk factors for lung cancer presented with a massive left-sided pleural effusion and a mediastinal shift on chest radiography and computed tomography. A chest tube drained bloody pleural fluid with an exudative pattern. A pleural biopsy and wedge biopsy of the left lower lobe revealed mucinous adenocarcinoma in the left lower lobe wedge biopsy and metastatic adenocarcinoma in the pleural biopsy. The patient is currently undergoing chemotherapy. Radiotherapy is planned after shrinkage of the tumor. Adenocarcinoma of the lung is very rarely seen in teenagers or children, especially in the absence of risk factors. © SAGE Publications