Oscillation of a neutral difference equation

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the oscillation of the bounded solutions of neutral difference equation where Δ is the forward difference operator defined by Δn = n+1 - n

Two-sided eigenvalue bounds for the spherically symmetric states of the Schrödinger equation

AbstractThe eigenvalues of the radial Schrödinger equation are calculated very accurately by obtaining exact upper and lower bounds. By truncating the usual unbounded domain [0, ∞) of the system to a finite interval of the form [0,l], two auxiliary eigenvalue problems are defined. It is then proved that the eigenvalues of the resulting confined systems provide upper and lower bounds converging monotonically to the true eigenvalues required. Moreover, each auxiliary eigenvalue problem gives rise to an orthonormal set involving Bessel functions. The matrix representation of the Hamiltonian is, therefore, derived by expanding the wave function into a Fourier-Bessel series. Numerical results for single- and double-well polynomial oscillators as well as Gaussian type non-polynomial potentials illustrate that the eigenvalues can be calculated to an arbitrary accuracy, whenever the boundary parameter l is in the neighborhood of some critical value, denoted by lcr

A comparative analysis of organic farm and conventional farm

Bu araştırma; Samsun ili içme suyunun sağlandığı Çakmak Barajı etrafında organik üretimin yoğun olarak yapıldığı köylerde organik ve konvansiyonel tarım yapan üreticilerin farklı davranıp davranmadıklarının araştırılması amacıyla yapılmıştır. İki üretici grubu bazı özellikler açısından karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilerek, organik tarım yapan üreticilerin bir farklılık yaratıp yaratmadığı anlaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla; 2009 yılında Ağcagüney, Koldere, Eğridere, Gökçeçakmak, Kabaceviz, Şeyhgüven, Esençay, Porsuk ve Yukarı Aksu köylerinde organik tarım yapan 110 ve konvansiyonel tarım yapan 105 işletme ile görüşülmüştür. İşletmeler arazi büyüklüğü dikkate alınarak basit tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemiyle tespit edilmiştir. Üretici analizlerinde Mann Whitney U Testi, t-Testi ve Oran Analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre; organik ve konvansiyonel tarım yapan üretici grupları arasında toplam arazi varlığı ve aile reisinin yaşları açısından bir fark olmadığı, ancak ürün tercihlerinin farklı olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Organik tarım yapan üreticilerin çiftçilik mesleğine daha fazla zaman ayırdıkları tespit edilmiştir. Konvansiyonel tarım yapan üreticilerin %74,3’ünün organik tarıma geçmeyi düşündüğü ve organik tarıma geçmeyi istemede en etkili faktörün; organik tarıma verilen destekler olduğu belirlenmiştir. Konvansiyonel tarım yapan üreticilerin organik tarıma geçmek istememelerindeki en önemli faktörlerin ise; organik tarımda yaşanan verim kaybı, organik tarım hakkında bilgi sahibi olmama ve pazara yönelik üretim yapmama olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Organik tarım yapan üreticilerin; teşviklerin yetersizliği, pazar yeri sıkıntısı ve organik tarımla ilgili teknik bilgiye ulaşma konusunda sorun yaşadıkları belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak; organik tarım desteğinin artırılması, yerel yönetimlerin pazar yeri temini konusunda üreticilere destek olması ve üreticilerin danışmanlık hizmetlerine rahatlıkla ulaşabilmesinin sağlanması gerektiği ortaya çıkmıştır.The purpose of this study was to investigate the behavioral differences of organic and conventional producer groups where organic production is concentrated in the villages of Samsun Çakmak Basin. Organic and conventional producers were analyzed in comparison in terms of some features to understand the diffrences of organik producers. So interviews were conducted with 110 organic farm and 105 conventional farm in Ağcagüney, Koldere, Eğridere, Gökçeçakmak, Kabaceviz, Şeyhgüven, Esençay, Porsuk and Yukarı Aksu villages in 2009. The farms were determined by simple random sampling method by taking into consideration of land size. Mann Whitney U Test, t-Test and Proportion analysis was used for producer data and logit regression analysis was used for consumers data. According to the results of the research, it was found that there is no difference between the land properties of organic and conventional producers. On the other hand the produce preference was found different. It was observed that organic farmers spend more time in their job compare to conventional farmers. 74,3% of conventional farmers are considering to change their operation to organic farming especially due to the insentive offered by the government. The most important factors those who do not want to change their operation to organic farming are yield lost by organic farming, lack of knowledge, not to produce desired produce for he market. Some of the problems of organic producers are insufficient insentives, market place and technical knowledge. These results suggest that insentive amount for organic farming should be increased, market place arranged and consulting services should be provided to the organic farmer

Production of Ice Cream with Carob Bean Pekmez (Molasses)

Day to day, it is known that people are giving importance to nutrition their diets in terms of health. Whether or not the materials used in the production of food are natural, the amount used in production and effect on human health have become more important. In this study, low-fat ice cream was produced with rich composition carob molasses (pekmez), which has a positive contribution to nutrition, and the effect on ice cream was investigated. Physical and chemical analysis results of ice cream, pH 6,31, dry matter 27,23%, fat 3,50%, protein 3,86%, overrun 18,99% and viscosity (10 rpm-20 rpm-50 rpm) 11.840, 6.560, 3.344 cP, was found. As a result, a new product has been made which can be used in ice cream production of carob molasses

Volatility in Istanbul Stock Exchange

Author's OriginalSince economic agents make the decisions based on the perceived distribution of the random variables in the future, assessment and measurement of the variance has a significant impact on their course of action. Therefore, market participants’ ability to accurately measure and predict the stock market volatility has wide spread implications. This capability has a particular importance in an environment, where the perception of high levels of volatility has the potential to erode the investor confidence and divert the capital inflows from equity markets. This is a particular concern for the emerging equity markets that lack the advanced institutional and informational infrastructures and which are very vulnerable to domestic and foreign capital flows. The purpose of this study is to determine the time-varying characteristics of volatility in an emerging stock market by utilizing rich family of ARCH models. The primary focus of the study is to explore the nature of volatility in the ISE.Aybar, C. B. & Yvan, Z. A. (1998). Volatility in Istanbul Stock Exchange. ISE Review, 6(2)

Asymptotic equivalence of differential equations and asymptotically almost periodic solutions

In this paper we use Rab's lemma [M. Rab, Uber lineare perturbationen eines systems von linearen differentialgleichungen, Czechoslovak Math. J. 83 (1958) 222-229; M. Rab, Note sur les formules asymptotiques pour les solutions d'un systeme d'equations differentielles lineaires, Czechoslovak Math. J. 91 (1966) 127-129] to obtain new sufficient conditions for the asymptotic equivalence of linear and quasilinear systems of ordinary differential equations. Yakubovich's result [V.V. Nemytskii, VX Stepanov, Qualitative Theory of Differential Equations, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1966; V.A. Yakubovich, On the asymptotic behavior of systems of differential equations, Mat. Sb. 28 (1951) 217-240] on the asymptotic equivalence of a linear and a quasilinear system is developed. On the basis of the equivalence, the existence of asymptotically almost periodic solutions of the systems is investigated. The definitions of biasymptotic equivalence for the equations and biasymptotically almost periodic solutions are introduced. Theorems on the sufficient conditions for the systems to be biasymptotically equivalent and for the existence of biasymptotically almost periodic solutions are obtained. Appropriate examples are constructed

Investigation of Tractor Dealer Profile in Aydın Province

Tractor sales and usage varies depending on many factors like of the region and the products. The main purpose of this study is to investigate of sales and marketing profiles of tractor dealers operating in Aydın Province. Survey form was conducted through face to face interviews to authorized tractor dealers operating in Aydın Province (14 total). Data about firms (number of employees, brand preferences, customer portfolio, marketing campaigns, marketing calanders, approach to the expected scrap reduction and customer’s brand expectations) were obtained with questionnaires. Half of the dealers are selling the tractors produced by domestic firms. The brands ranking which are most preferred by dealers, first is New Holland (42%) and the second is Turk-Fiat (35%). Dealers stated that, the most important criteria for customers' preferences are engine parts and price and the most intense period for sales is spring. Results of this study are, state-sector cooperation must be developed in order to increase competitiveness of the Turkish firms in the tractor market, modern marketing tecniques must be used, consumer behaviors must be determined and the firms which makes sales according to these factors must improve themselves for the future of the tractor industry. Keywords: Advertising, Dealers Profile, Marketing, Sales, Tracto

Linking leadership style to firm performance: the mediating effect of the learning orientation

AbstractTurkey has undergone a series of recent crises in 1994, 1999 and 2001. Firms that manage the crises successfully survived and become high performing organizations of Turkey. This high performing organization which survived in crises has attracted attention of so many researchers and characteristics of those firms began to be surveyed. In this context this survey is being started to examine and reveal the characteristics of those high performing firms. Leadership has been subject to so many studies examining the high performing organizations in literature. Besides leadership style, cultural competitiveness is emphasized as another high performing factor in literature. Within the framework of cultural competitiveness, our study focuses on the notion that learning orientation as one of the cultural based elements that effect firm performance mediates the relationship between leadership style and firma performance. The survey of this study is conducted on 343 middle and senior managers of 125 high performing firms operating in manufacturing industry in Turkey, between the years of 2008-2010. Firms fulfilling the criteria that (1) being indicated in the list of “Fortune 1000 of Turkey” between the years of 1997-2007, and (2) not being undergone a loss for those 10 years, are indexed as high performing firms. The obtained data from the questionnaires are analyzed through the SPSS statistical packaged software. Factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation and regression analyses are used to evaluate the data. Analyses results revealed that both dimensions of learning orientation (commitment to learning and shared vision and open-mindedness) mediate the effects of the relations-oriented and task-oriented leadership on the firm performance

MMSR: Multiple-Model Learned Image Super-Resolution Benefiting From Class-Specific Image Priors

Assuming a known degradation model, the performance of a learned image super-resolution (SR) model depends on how well the variety of image characteristics within the training set matches those in the test set. As a result, the performance of an SR model varies noticeably from image to image over a test set depending on whether characteristics of specific images are similar to those in the training set or not. Hence, in general, a single SR model cannot generalize well enough for all types of image content. In this work, we show that training multiple SR models for different classes of images (e.g., for text, texture, etc.) to exploit class-specific image priors and employing a post-processing network that learns how to best fuse the outputs produced by these multiple SR models surpasses the performance of state-of-the-art generic SR models. Experimental results clearly demonstrate that the proposed multiple-model SR (MMSR) approach significantly outperforms a single pre-trained state-of-the-art SR model both quantitatively and visually. It even exceeds the performance of the best single class-specific SR model trained on similar text or texture images.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in IEEE ICIP 2022 Conferenc