Habitar una experiencia: taller de derechos humanos y poesía

Este escrito se organiza como una relatoría centrada en un Taller de Derechos Humanos y Poesía, destinado a jóvenes y adolescentes, que coordino en Comodoro Rivadavia, desde hace una década aproximadamente. Reflexiono, a partir de esta actividad concreta, en la potencialidad creativa de las experiencias que, como esta, se gestan en los pliegues de los sistemas educativos y propician el diálogo entre las prácticas estéticas y las políticas

Tropospheric ozone observations – How well can we assess tropospheric ozone changes?

Since the early 20th century, measurements of ozone in the free troposphere have evolved and changed. Data records have different uncertainties and biases, and differ with respect to coverage, information content, and representativeness.Almost all validation studies employ ECC ozonesondes. These have been compared to UV-absorption measurements in a number of intercomparison studies, and show a modest (~1-5%) high bias in the troposphere, with an uncertainty of 5%, but no evidence of a change over time. Umkehr, lidar, FTIR, and commercial aircraft all show modest low biases relative to the ECCs, and so --- if the ECC biases are transferable --- all agree within 1σ with the modern UV standard. Relative to the UV standard, Brewer-Mast sondes show a 20% increase in sensitivity from 1970-1995, while Japanese KC sondes show an increase of 5-10%. Combined with the shift of the global ozonesonde network to ECCs, this can induce a false positive trend, in analyses based on sonde data.Passive sounding methods --- Umkehr, FTIR and satellites --- have much lower vertical resolution than active methods, and this can limit the attribution of trends. Satellite biases are larger than those of other measurement systems, ranging between -10% and +20%, and standard deviations are large: about 10-30%, versus 5-10% for sondes, aircraft, lidar and ground-based FTIR. There is currently little information on measurement drift for satellite measurements of tropospheric ozone. This is an evident area of concern if satellite retrievals are used for trend studies. The importance of ECC sondes as a transfer standard for satellite validation means that efforts to homogenize existing records, by correcting for known changes and by adopting strict standard operating procedures, should continue, and additional research effort should be put into understanding and reducing sonde uncertainties.Representativeness is also a potential source of large errors, which are difficult to quantify. The global observation network is unevenly distributed, and so additional sites (or airports), would be of benefit. Objective methods of quantifying spatial representativeness can optimize future network design. International cooperation and data sharing will be of paramount importance, as the TOAR project has demonstrated