Antecedents of Expatriate Spouse Adjustment: An Analysis of Japanese Spouses in the United States

This is one of the first studies investigating factors related to the adjustment of expatriate spouses. The study extends, both conceptually and methodologically, the limited research on spouse adjustment by testing the effects of language profciency and educational level on adjustment. Furthermore, it is the first study to survey non US respondents in their native language. In the end, we found that time since arrival, educational level, language proficiency, and willingness to communicate are directly related to spouse adjustment

Effects of a Supportive Audience on a Handgrip Squeezing Task in Adults

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(1): 4-15, 2016. The role of social facilitation by way of audience effect in select exercise-related variables during an isometric handgrip task was assessed using a mixed design. Fifty three moderately active participants (Mage= 21.76 + 5.27) were recruited from the Midwestern United States. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: supportive audience or control. Audience members provided positive verbal encouragement to participants in the experimental condition throughout the task performance. Participants in the control group performed the task in the absence of an audience and did not receive any verbal encouragement. Participants provided anxiety ratings pre- and post-task using the State-trait anxiety inventory for adults (STAI). Participants’ ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and heart rate (HR) were monitored and assessed at 30-second intervals. Upon task completion, sustained effort in the form of time on task was recorded in seconds. A repeated measures analysis of variance (RM ANOVA) revealed that there was a time effect within groups of HR = ( F(2.64, 131.85) = 189.3 , p \u3c0.001) and within groups of RPE = (F(2.97, 139.42) = 2189.43 p \u3c0.001). An independent sample T-test revealed significant differences in HR at 0, 30 and 60 seconds between the groups. An independent sample T-test revealed no significant differences in anxiety and RPE between the groups. These results partially support the notion of social facilitation and may have implications for research and practice

The Effects of a Six-Week Boot Camp Program on Exercise-related Affects and Perceptions

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Selectivity of conventional and alternative codend design for five fish species in the Aegean Sea

WOS: 000277412200004P>Currently, traditional Mediterranean trawls are generally made with non-selective netting and the fishing boats are involved in multi-species fisheries. As a result, most near-shore stocks are over-exploited. Weather permitting, the demersal trawl fleet tends to fish in relatively deeper, international waters of the Aegean Sea, where the catch is usually higher. Therefore, the need for evaluation of the codends used in this fishery and the potential improvements to their selectivity are of prime importance. In the present study, selectivity data were collected for hake (Merluccius merluccius), blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou), greater forkbeard (Phycis blennoides), blackbelly rosefish (Helicolenus dactylopterus dactylopterus) and fourspotted megrim (Lepidorhombus boscii) in commercial (300 MC) and square mesh top panel (SMTPC) codends. Trawling was carried out at depths of 274-426 m onboard a commercial vessel chartered for a 15-day sea trial in August 2004. Selection parameters were obtained by fitting a logistic equation using a maximum likelihood method. Results of the selectivity analysis indicated that the commercially used 40 mm nominal mesh size PE codend was rather unselective for the species investigated in this study. In general, the square mesh top panel codend has relatively higher L(50) values than the commercial codend. However, except for blue whiting, even this codend is rather unselective when 50% maturity lengths (L(M50)) are considered.Commission of the European UnionEuropean Union (EU) [NECESSITY/501605]The authors wish to thank the captain and crew of the commercial trawler 'Niyazi Reis'. Thanks are also extended to Z. Tosunolu, M. Bilecenolu, S. Leblebici, I. Aydin, O. Soykan and our Greek colleagues G. Petrakis and A. Chilary for participating in the sea trials. Thanks also to R. Holst for guidance with the stacked haul analysis method. This study was financed by the Commission of the European Union (NECESSITY/501605). The paper, however, does not reflect the commission's view and does not anticipate its future policy with regard to this area

Selectivity of commercial compared to larger mesh and square mesh trawl codends for four fish species in the Aegean Sea

WOS: 000299073500010Differences in size selectivity of commercial (40 mm diamond mesh, 40D), larger mesh (48 mm diamond mesh, 48D), and square mesh codends (40 mm square mesh, 40S) for hake (Merluccius merluccius), greater forkbeard (Phycis blennoides), blackbelly rosefish (Helicolenus dactylopterus dactylopterus) and four-spot megrim (Lepidorhombus boscii) were investigated in the Aegean Sea. The study was conducted using the covered codend method. Data were analysed taking between-haul variations into account. Results showed that changing from a 40D to 48D codend significantly improved mean L50 values, with increases of about 22% for hake, 8% for greater forkbeard, 20% for blackbelly rosefish, and 11% for four-spot megrim (P = 0.000). A change from diamond to square mesh configuration with the same 40 mm netting also significantly increased the mean L50 values, with 45% for hake, 36% for greater forkbeard, and 25% for blackbelly rosefish (P = 0.000). For four-spot megrim the mean L50 value was about 10% lower, but this difference was statistically insignificant (P > 0.05). Despite the increases in L50 values, this study concludes that the selectivity of the 48D and 40S codends is still not sufficient to release fish smaller than length at first maturity for these four species.Commission of the European UnionEuropean Union (EU) [NECESSITY/501605]The authors would like to thank the captain and crew of the commercial trawler "Niyazi Reis''. Thanks are also due Dr. Z. Tosunoglu, Dr. C. Aydin, Dr. G. Gokce, S. Leblebici, I. Aydin, and O. Soykan for participating in the sea trials. This study was financed by the Commission of the European Union (NECESSITY/501605)

Effects of the protective bags on the codend selectivity in Turkish bottom-trawl fishery

WOS: 000186567400002This study investigates the differences of selectivity between a plain codend (C) and a codend surrounded with a protective bag (CP). The experiments were carried out in the Bay of Izmir in the Eastern Aegean Sea between 16 January and 14 February 2002. The experiments were conducted onboard the RN Egesuf (27 in loa, 500 hp main engine) by employing a conventional bottom trawl commercially used in Turkish waters. The hooped covered codend method was used to obtain selectivity data. Eleven valid hauls (45 min towing duration and 2.5 knot average towing speed, 25 to 30 to water depth) were carried out both with C and CP Data were collected for red mullet (Mullus barbatus), annular sea bream (Diplodus annularis), picarel (Spicara smaris), and common pandora (Pagellus erythrinus). Selectivity parameters were obtained by using a logistic equation with the "Maximum Likelihood Method". Selectivity of C and CP was found to be very similar for the species investigated except that the 50% retention length (L-50) of CP was 9% higher than that of C for common pandora, and the selection range (SR) of CP was 32% wider than that of C for picarel. L-50 values obtained for C and CP were 10.7 and 10.6 cm for red mullet, 8.6 and 8.6 cm for annular sea bream, 12.3 and 12.1 cm for picarel, and 10.3 and 11.2 cm for common pandora, respectively. These results show that the protective bags used in Turkish demersal trawling do not have a significant effect on codend selectivity for the species investigated. The codend tested here and commercially used in Turkish waters retains a significant number of immature fish and therefore needs to be modified in order to improve its selectivity