Optimization of production of Microbial Exopolysaccharides (EPS) with essential oils from two medicinal plants

Objective: The aim of our study is to evaluate the effect of essential oils of two medicinal plants: Atriplex halimus and Haloxylon scoparium on the production of EPS by four probiotic strains.Methodology and results: Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) of lactic acid bacteria have potential for development and exploitation as food additives and functional food ingredients with both health and economic benefits. In this study, EPS production was carried at sucrose broth with different parameters (inoculum size, temperature, pH, incubation period, sucrose concentration, oxygen tension). In addition, under an optimized condition the effect of essential oils of two medicinal plants: Atriplex halimus (A.H.) and Haloxylon scoparium (H.S.) was evaluatedon EPS production by four strains (Leuconostoc sp., Lactobacillus sp. and two strains Pediococcus sp.). The production kinetics and exopolysaccharide yields were strongly dependent on the fermentation conditions. Physical factors such as temperature, pH and oxygen tension had a primordial importance. Conditions leading to higher levels of EPS production depends on strains and adequate concentrations of sucrose (50 g/l), pH (6,5 for Leuconostoc sp. and Pediococcus sp., 2; 4,5 for Lactobacillus sp. and 5 for Pediococcus sp. 1, incubationperiod (18 hours), temperature (37°C from Leuconostoc sp. and Pediococcus sp. 1, 30°C from Lactobacillus sp., 50°C from Pediococcus sp. 2) and medium of production (broth sucrose). The introduction of essential oils (150 μl) of tested plants improved the production of EPS from 7.9 – 9.73 mg/ml of all strains to 15.2 – 16.28 with essential oils of Atriplex halimus and 11.6-13.2 mg/ml with essential oil of Haloxylon scoparium. Results showed an important stimulation of the exopolysaccharides production by essential oils of two plants (A.H. and H.S.)Conclusion and Application of results: Our strains have shown their ability to produce maximum levels of EPS in the case of the addition of essential oils extracted from medicinal plants. These substances can be used as additives in the food industry to increase the productivity of the lactic strains of EPS as well as in the pharmaceutical field to prepare some medications.Keywords: exopolysaccharides, optimization, essential oils, medicinal plants, Lactic Acid Bacteri

Characterization of intestinal microbiota in celiac children

Celiac disease (CD) is enteropathy autoimmune induced by the ingestion of gluten in genetically predisposed subjects. The ingestion of gluten is responsible for the symptoms of CD, and a disturber of the intestinal microbiota. In this study, 13 Samples of intestinal biopsy, 15 fecal samples from celiac children, and 10 from controls children respectively were collected and analyzed by conventional culture technique to characterize the microbial profile intestinal of celiac children. There was 24 celiac children (8 boys), Mean age at diagnosis was 9.52 years, all have clinical manifestations, positive anti-transglutaminase antibodies and mucosal lesions suggestive of CD (Marsh Classification).We found a difference in intestinal microbiota, between celiac and controls children for example  the  Enterobacteria,  Clostridium sp and Staphylococcus sp were remarkably higher in biopsy and fecal samples of celiac children than in controls. Inversely the Enterococcus sp, Lactobacillus sp and Clostridium sp were slightly lower in celiac children. Our results indicate an imbalance in intestinal microbiota for celiac children as reduction in the numbers of Lactobacillus sp, Enterococcus sp and increases in the numbers of Enterobacteria, Staphylococcus sp and Clostridium sp.Keywords: Celiac disease, Intestinal Microbiota, Anti-transglutaminase, Lacobacillus sp

THE ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS (INULA VISCOSA, ANACYCLUS VALENTINUS) AND THEIR SYNERGISTIC INTERACTION WITH ANTIBIOTIC DRUGS

<p>With the emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms, combining medicinal plants with synthetic medicines against resistant bacteria becomes necessary. In this study, Synergism between plant extracts (methanolic extract and essential oils of <em>Inula viscosa </em>and <em>Anacyclus valentinus</em>)<em> </em>and two commonly used antibiotics (gentamycin, oxacillin) were investigated on three bacterian strains (<em>E. coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus</em>). In the first time, the antibacterial effect of extracts alone was tested against 7 strains by disc diffusion and microdilution methods. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of methanolic extracts ranged between 6.25 and 50mg/ml while that of the essential oils varied between 12.5 and 100µL/mL. Interactions extracts /antibiotics and extracts/extracts by checkboard. The results show that the synergistic effect of combinations plant extracts/antibiotics was more important than extracts/extracts.</p

CHARACTERIZATION OF INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA IN CELIAC CHILDREN

International audienceCeliac disease (CD) is enteropathy autoimmune induced by the ingestion of gluten in genetically predisposed subjects. The ingestion of gluten is responsible for the symptoms of CD, and a disturber of the intestinal microbiota. In this study, 13 Samples of intestinal biopsy, 15 fecal samples from celiac children, and 10 from controls children respectively were collected and analyzed by conventional culture technique to characterize the microbial profile intestinal of celiac children. There was 24 celiac children (8 boys), Mean age at diagnosis was 9.52 years, all have clinical manifestations, positive anti-transglutaminase antibodies and mucosal lesions suggestive of CD (Marsh Classification). We found a difference in intestinal microbiota, between celiac and controls children for example the Enterobacteria, Clostridium sp and Staphylococcus sp were remarkably higher in biopsy and fecal samples of celiac children than in controls. Inversely the Enterococcus sp, Lactobacillus sp and Clostridium sp were slightly lower in celiac children. Our results indicate an imbalance in intestinal microbiota for celiac children as reduction in the numbers of Lactobacillus sp, Enterococcus sp and increases in the numbers of Enterobacteria, Staphylococcus sp and Clostridium sp

The use of orange (Citrus sinensis) peel as antimicrobial and anti-oxidant agents

Due to rapid growth of the food processing industry and the consumption of processed foods, the demand for natural antimicrobial agents is on the rise. Consumers have become more aware about the health effects of the synthetic preservatives used in food. Hence natural preservatives are developed to meet the demand of consumers. These natural antimicrobials are developed either from plants or their parts, animals or even microorganisms. Even the waste generated from the food industries is being considered as an alternative to produce natural antimicrobials. The aim of the present study was to utilize the waste generated from the citrus fruit processing (peel) industry. This study was to utilize the powder from the peel of Citrus sinensis in food (Oil of olive and cream dessert) to preserve their quality, this peel can be used as antimicrobial and antioxidant activity so food preservation ppurpose.Keywords: Citrus sinensis peel, powder, food, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activit

The regulatory effects of whey retentate from Bifidobacteria fermented milk on the microbiota of the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME)

Aims: To investigate the effects of whey retentate from Bifidobacteria fermented milk. Methods and Results: The simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (SHIME) was used. The composition of the microbiota and its metabolic activities were analysed. Changes in the microbial composition became apparent within 15 days of the treatment in the vessels representing the ileum and the large intestine. The whey retentate favoured the growth of endogenous bifidobacteria and induced a decrease in Bacteroides fragilis and in sulfipho-reducing clostridia, especially Clostridium perfringens. After the administration was stopped, these populations tended to revert to their original levels, except for the streptococci and the staphylococci populations. The treatment also led to an increase in acetic acid, CH4 and CO2 production, suggesting overgrowth of some anaerobic bacteria. Ammonium, generally considered as undesirable, declined. Conclusions: The whey retentate clearly altered the microbial community in the SHIME. Significance and Impact of the Study: Whey retentate appears to exert a beneficial effect on the in vitro gastrointestinal system; these findings warrant confirmation by in vivo studies