179 research outputs found
Alcohol use, negative consequences, and readiness to change in mandated and volunteer college student heavy drinkers before and after a brief alcohol intervention
The current study tested the efficacy of a brief intervention designed to reduce alcohol use among high-risk college students who have been mandated to treatment for an alcohol policy violation relative to a brief wait-list control group and volunteer high-risk sample. Thirty-nine mandated students and forty high-risk student volunteers were randomly assigned to receive either a brief alcohol intervention or were assigned to a brief wait-list control (WLC) group. Participants were assessed at baseline and at a 4-week post-test on measures of alcohol consumption, alcohol-related problems, and readiness to change. Of the participants who had completed follow-up (N = 39), mandated and voluntary high-risk students who received the brief intervention reported significant reductions in alcohol consumption (drinks per week) and relative to the WLC. Mandated students who received the intervention also reported greater decreases in drinking occasions per week relative to the WLC. High-risk students who received the intervention reported decreases in alcohol use and drinking related-consequences, which were not significant by referral status. Preliminary results provide some support for the efficacy of brief motivational enhancement interventions for reducing drinking in high-risk college students who are mandated to treatment
Protective Behavioral Strategies Underutilization Mediates Effect of a Brief Motivational Intervention among Socially Anxious Undergraduate Drinkers
Social anxiety (SA) is implicated in problematic undergraduate drinking. Brief motivational interventions (BMIs) reduce problematic undergraduate drinking. However, not all students benefit. Identification of vulnerable subgroups is an important next step. The current study examined the role of SA and protective behavioral strategies (PBS) on BMI outcomes. We reanalyzed a subset of data (53.3%; N = 120; 62.5% male) from a randomized trial in which heavy drinking undergraduates were randomized to a BMI or control. SA, past-month typical drinks, peak drinks, weekly quantity, alcohol problems, and PBS were assessed at baseline and 6-weeks. Main effects and interaction among the intervention condition (BMI vs. control) and SA group (low vs. high) were tested on alcohol outcomes and PBS. High SA undergraduates reported greater baseline drinking, more alcohol problems, and lower PBS. Post-BMI, high SA drinkers continued to report greater peak drinks, typical drinks, alcohol problems, and lower PBS use, controlling for baseline use. Among the BMI condition, parallel multiple mediation analyses revealed the PBS subscale Manner of Drinking uniquely mediated the relationship between SA and heavier post-BMI drinking. The PBS Manner of Drinking and Serious Harm Reduction subscales jointly mediated the relationship between SA and greater post-BMI alcohol problems. BMIs may need to be refined to improve outcomes for socially anxious drinkers. Increasing PBS utilization post-BMI may help improve BMI efficacy in this vulnerable group. Clinical implications are discussed
The Role of Underutilization of Protective Behavioral Strategies in the Relation of Social Anxiety with Risky Drinking
Social anxiety is prominent among undergraduates and increases the risk of experiencing alcohol problems. In fact, social anxiety more than quadruples the risk of developing an alcohol use disorder, yet it is inconsistently related to heavier drinking. Inconsistent findings may be due to lack of attention on protective behavioral strategies (PBS) among socially anxious drinkers. PBS are cognitive-behavioral strategies to reduce drinking and alcohol-related harm. Due to the nature of social anxiety, affected individuals may be especially vulnerable to PBS underutilization, leading to heavier and more problematic drinking. The current study examined the mediating role of PBS in the relationships of social anxiety with past-month drinking and alcohol problems using cross-sectional data among current (past-month) heavy undergraduate drinkers (N = 431). Social anxiety was significantly positively related to past-month alcohol problems and peak drinking. Social anxiety was significantly negatively related to typical drinking, drinking frequency, and PBSS Manner of Drinking. Social anxiety was indirectly (via PBSS Manner of Drinking) related to greater past-month peak drinks and more drinking problems. Findings suggest that socially anxious persons may be vulnerable to heavier and more problematic drinking due to PBS underutilization. Treatment implications are discussed
Respiratory insufficiency related to copd accelerates systemic inflammation, under-nutrition, and angiogenesis in esophageal malignancies
A number of esophageal cancer patients suffer from respiratory insufficiency due to the coexistence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Aim: To test the hypothesis that COPD-related systemic hypoxemia may result in accelerated inflammation, malnutrition, and angiogenesis in esophageal cancer patients. Methods: Serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, transferrin, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, TNF- a, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB), and midkine and patient BMI and weight-loss rate were determined and compared with blood oxygenation status (pO2, SaO2) in 35 esophageal cancer patients and 42 controls. Results: The incidence of cachexia tended to be higher in patients with systemic hypoxemia (67% vs 40%, p = 0.169). Mean SaO2 level was also significantly decreased in cachectic patients (90.3 vs 93.3%, p = 0.026) and pO2 exhibited a similar trend (58.0 vs 63.4 mmHg, p = 0.120). Transferrin (234 vs 316 mg/dl, p = 0.005) and albumin (31.9 vs 37.1 mg/dl, p = 0.002) concentrations were reduced and CRP was elevated (129.9 vs 54.7 mg/l, p = 0.004) in hypoxemic patients and correlated with pO2 (r = 0.47, p = 0.016; r = 0.48, p = 0.012; r = β0.37, p = 0.064) and SaO2 (r = 0.52, p = 0.006; r = 0.53, p = 0.006; r = β0.40, p = 0.042). Interleukin-6 (9.97 vs 2.21 pg/ml, p = 0.005) and midkine (2101 vs 944 pg/ml, p < 0.001) were elevated and PDGF-BB was decreased (12.2 vs 17.3 pg x 10-6/PLT, p = 0.014) in hypoxemic compared with normoxemic patients. Interleukin-6 and midkine negatively correlated with pO2 (r = β0.44, p = 0.016; r = β0.42, p = 0.011) and SaO2 (r = β0.54, p = 0.003; r = β0.57, p < 0.0001) and PDGF-BB correlated positively (r = 0.53, p = 0.003; r = 0.44, p = 0.020). Interleukin-8 level was affected by pO2 (r = -0.55, p = 0.015) and SaO2 (r = β0.55, p = 0.018) only in hypoxemic patients. Conclusions: COPD-related systemic hypoxemia negatively affects the status of esophageal cancer patients by accelerating inflammation, under-nutrition, and angiogenesis.ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΡΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ (COPD). Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ: ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Ρ ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ, Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ
Ρ COPD, Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ Π°Π½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ: Ρ 35 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ 42 Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ CRP, Π°Π»ΡΠ±ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°, ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°,
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°-1, ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°-6, ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°-8, TNF-Ξ±, PDGF-BB ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π° Π² ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ BMI ΠΈ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠ° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ (pO2
, SaO2
). Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ: ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π²ΡΡΠ΅ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ (67 ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² 40%, p = 0,169). Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ SaO2
Π±ΡΠ» ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅
Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ (90,3 ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² 93,3%, p = 0,026), Ρ ΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ pO2
(58,0
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² 63,4 mmHg, p = 0,120). ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π° (234 ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² 316 ΠΌΠ³/Π΄Π», p = 0,005) ΠΈ Π°Π»ΡΠ±ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π° (31,9 ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²
37,1 ΠΌΠ³/Π΄Π», p = 0,002) Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ, CRP ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ (129,9 ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² 54,7 ΠΌΠ³/Π», p = 0,004) Ρ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ²,
ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ pO2
(r = 0,47, p = 0,016; r = 0,48, p = 0,012; r = β0,37, p = 0,064) ΠΈ SaO2
(r = 0,52,
p = 0,006; r = 0,53, p = 0,006; r = β0,40, p = 0,042). Π£ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°-6 (9,97 ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² 2,21 pg/ml, p = 0,005) ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°
(2101 ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² 944 pg/ml, p < 0,001) Π±ΡΠ» ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½, Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ PDGF-BB ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ (12,2 ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² 17,3 pg Γ 10-6/PLT,
p = 0,014) Ρ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ. Π£ΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°-6 ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°
Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ pO2
(r = β0,44, p = 0,016; r = β0,42, p = 0,011) ΠΈ SaO2
(r = β0,54, p = 0,003;
r = β0,57, p < 0,0001) ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ β Ρ PDGF-BB (r = 0,53, p = 0,003; r = 0,44, p = 0,020). ΠΠ° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°-8
Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈ pO2
(r = β0,55, p = 0,015) ΠΈ SaO2
(r = β0,55, p = 0,018) ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ: Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ
Ρ COPD ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½Π°Ρ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π°Π½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·
Fine structure of alpha decay in odd nuclei
Using an alpha decay level scheme, an explanation for the fine structure in
odd nuclei is evidenced by taking into account the radial and rotational
couplings between the unpaired nucleon and the core of the decaying system. It
is stated that the experimental behavior of the alpha decay fine structure
phenomenon is directed by the dynamical characteristics of the system.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, REVTex, submitted to Physical Review
Alcohol-induced risky sexual behavior among socially anxious drinkers
Heavy college drinking is associated with risky sexual behavior. It is therefore important to identify groups that are especially vulnerable to alcohol-influenced sexual risk (e.g., unplanned/unexpected sex). Undergraduates with elevated social anxiety represent one such vulnerable group given that social anxiety is associated with fear of intimacy and heavier drinking in intimate situations and situations with expected negative affect. Drinking to cope with negative affect induced by fear of intimacy might render socially anxious undergraduates vulnerable to risky sexual behavior, yet no known studies have examined this relationship. The current study tested whether social anxiety was related to alcohol-related sexual behaviors among current (past-month) drinking undergraduates (88.1% female; 77.6% non-Hispanic Caucasian) with higher (i.e., clinically elevated) social anxiety (HSA; nβ=β40) or lower (more normative) social anxiety (LSA; nβ=β94). Coping motives were examined as a moderator of the social anxiety-risky sexual behavior relationship. Gender was a covariate. HSA students reported more frequent alcohol-influenced sexual risk including regretted sexual situations, unprotected sex, sex with unwanted partners, unwanted sex, pressured/forced to have sex, and pressured someone to have sex. Coping motives significantly interacted with social anxiety group in the prediction of risky sexual behaviors except regretted sexual situations, such that HSA students with greater coping motives experienced more frequent sexual risk when drinking. Findings indicate that HSA students may be particularly vulnerable to risky sexual behaviors and suggest that coping motivated drinking may be an important target for therapeutic interventions geared toward reducing risky sexual behaviors among this high-risk population
Do Positive Alcohol Expectancies Have a Critical Developmental Period in Pre-Adolescents?
Objective: Positive outcome expectancies have been
shown to predict initiation of alcohol use in children and to mediate and
moderate the relationship between dispositional variables and drinking
behavior. Negative outcome expectancies for alcohol appear to weaken
as children progress to middle adolescence, but positive expectancies
tend to increase during this time. Positive alcohol expectancies have been
found to increase in children in third and fourth grades, indicating what
some investigators have termed a possible critical period for the development
of positive expectancies.
Method: In the present study, we assessed
alcohol expectancies at baseline, 6, 12, and 18 months in 277 secondthrough
sixth-grade students. Children completed the Alcohol Expectancy
QuestionnaireβAdolescent. Univariate analyses of covariance were
conducted.
Results: There were signifi cant main effects for grade on
positive alcohol-expectancy change for Global Positive Transformations
at 12 and 18 months, Social Behavior Enhancement or Impediment at 6
and 12 months, and Relaxation/Tension Reduction at 6 and 18 months,
whereby a consistent pattern emerged in that lower grades did not differ
from each other, but they differed signifi cantly from the higher grades.
Conclusions: Data support a critical developmental period for positive
alcohol expectancies, with the greatest change observed between third
and fourth grade and between fourth and fi fth grade, and only in those
expectancies clearly describing positive outcomes (e.g., Relaxation/
Tension Reduction) via positive or negative reinforcement versus those
with either combined or ambiguous outcomes (e.g., Social Behavior Enhancement
or Impediment). (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 75, 000β000, 2014
Context-Specific Drinking and Social Anxiety: The Roles of Anticipatory Anxiety and Post-Event Processing
Individuals with clinically elevated social anxiety are especially vulnerable to alcohol-related problems, despite not drinking more than those with less anxiety. It is therefore important to identify contexts in which socially anxious persons drink more to inform intervention efforts. This study tested whether social anxiety was related to greater drinking before, during, or after a social event and whether such drinking was related to the psychosocial factors anticipatory anxiety or post-event processing (PEP; review of the social event). Among past-month drinkers, those with clinically elevated or higher social anxiety (HSA; n = 212) reported more anticipatory anxiety, more pre-event drinking to manage anxiety, and PEP than those with normative or lower social anxiety (LSA; n = 365). There was a significant indirect effect of social anxiety on pre-drinking via anticipatory anxiety. Social anxiety was related to more drinking during the event indirectly via the serial effects of anticipatory anxiety and pre-drinking. Unexpectedly, PEP did not mediate or moderate the relation between social anxiety and post-event drinking. In sum, anticipatory anxiety was related to more drinking before, during, and after a social event and HSA drinkers were especially vulnerable to drinking more to manage this anxiety, which increased drinking before and during the event. This effect was specific to anticipatory anxiety and not evident for another social anxiety-specific risk factor, PEP. Thus, anticipatory anxiety may be an important therapeutic target for drinkers generally and may be especially important among HSA drinkers
Hydrodesulfurization of light gas oil - kinetic determination in a batch reactor [Hidrodesulfurizacija lakog gasnog ulja - ispitivanje kinetike HDS u Ε‘arΕΎnom reaktoru]
The performed investigations were directed toward the analysis of the performance and activity of the fresh and regenerated Cyanamid HDS 20C catalyst in a laboratory batch reactor (2 dm3) for the HDS of the diesel fraction (light gas oil, LGO). Testing of the regenerated catalyst was performed with light gas oil (LGO) of different characteristics. The determined values of the reaction rate constant were compared to some published data in the literature for the HDS of specific sulfur compounds as well as the values of the activation energy. The rates of deactivation of the fresh and regenerated catalyst actually existed compared to some other results recently published in the literature. However, such an observed differences were not sufficient to derive a relation which could be used for the determination of the rate of catalyst deactivation
- β¦