Performance on Indirect Measures of Race Evaluation Predicts Amygdala Activation

We used fMRI to explore the neural substrates involved in the unconscious evaluation of Black and White social groups. Specifically, we focused on the amygdala, a subcortical structure known to play a role in emotional learning and evaluation. In Experiment 1, White American subjects observed faces of unfamiliar Black and White males. The strength of amygdala activation to Black-versus-White faces was correlated with two indirect (unconscious) measures of race evaluation (Implicit Association Test [IAT] and potentiated startle), but not with the direct (conscious) expression of race attitudes. In Experiment 2, these patterns were not obtained when the stimulus faces belonged to familiar and positively regarded Black and White individuals. Together, these results suggest that amygdala and behavioral responses to Black-versus-White faces in White subjects reflect cultural evaluations of social groups modified by individual experience.Psycholog

Re-thinking Education for Sustainable Development: Key Learning Insights from the SDSN USA Transformative Education Summit 2023

This paper summarizes key learning insights from the 2023 U.S. Summit on Transformative Education organized by the Sustainable Development Solutions Network USA. Over 400 members from higher education institutions, non-governmental organizations, think tanks, students, and teachers, joined the online event held February 23-25. The Summit created a bridge between social justice issues with an historical lens and sustainable development. Learning insights include those shared by session speakers, dialogue among participants during thematic conversations and regional networking forums, comments made by attendees on session Jamboards and the Zoom Chat function, and post-Summit feedback. A high-level thematic review was undertaken to cluster emergent themes and develop a rubric that might help education facilitators create curriculum, lesson plans, and activities together with signposting resources to support the global movement towards a more just and sustainable world. It is clear that higher education is embracing transformation, undertaking intentional self-disruption with a focus on action, ethics, and mindfulness. The Summit shows the sector is becoming more connected to the society it serves, engaging in radical collaboration with stakeholders, with sustainable development activities fueled by the convening power of universities and colleges and the agency of students

Re-thinking Education for Sustainable Development: Key Learning Insights from the SDSN USA Transformative Education Summit 2023

This paper summarizes key learning insights from the 2023 U.S. Summit on Transformative Education organized by the Sustainable Development Solutions Network USA. Over 400 members from higher education institutions, non-governmental organizations, think tanks, students, and teachers, joined the online event held February 23-25. The Summit created a bridge between social justice issues with an historical lens and sustainable development. Learning insights include those shared by session speakers, dialogue among participants during thematic conversations and regional networking forums, comments made by attendees on session Jamboards and the Zoom Chat function, and post-Summit feedback. A high-level thematic review was undertaken to cluster emergent themes and develop a rubric that might help education facilitators create curriculum, lesson plans, and activities together with signposting resources to support the global movement towards a more just and sustainable world. It is clear that higher education is embracing transformation, undertaking intentional self-disruption with a focus on action, ethics, and mindfulness. The Summit shows the sector is becoming more connected to the society it serves, engaging in radical collaboration with stakeholders, with sustainable development activities fueled by the convening power of universities and colleges and the agency of students

Sorodiagnóstico da neurocisticercose em pacientes com crises epiléticas, por meio de ELISA e immunoblot

Sera from 88 patients from Santa Catarina and São Paulo states of Brazil, with epileptic seizures who underwent cerebral computed tomography (CT) were analyzed for the detection of antibodies to T. solium cysticercus by ELISA and Immunoblot (IB) with the following antigens: Taenia solium cysticercus total saline (Tso), Taenia crassiceps cysticercus vesicular fluid (Tcra-vf) and T. crassiceps cysticercus glycoproteins (Tcra-gp). ELISA carried out with Tso, Tcra-vf and Tcra-gp antigens showed 95%, 90% and 80% sensitivities, respectively, and 68%, 85% and 93% specificities, respectively. In the epileptic patients group, ELISA positivity was 30%, 51% and 35% with Tso, Tcra-vf and Tcra-gp antigens respectively. Considering the IB as the confirmatory test, the positivity was 16% (14/88) in the epileptic patients total group and 22% (12/54) in the epileptic patients with positive CT and signals of cysticercosis. We found a significant statistical correlation among ELISA or IB results and the phase of the disease when any antigens were used (p < 0.05). We emphasize the need to introduce in the laboratory routine the search for neurocysticercosis (NC) in patients presenting with epileptic seizures because of the high risk of acquiring NC in our region and its potential cause of epilepsy.Amostras de soro de 88 pacientes dos Estados de Santa Catarina e São Paulo, Brasil, com crises epilépticas e que se submeteram a exame de Tomografia Computadorizada (TC), foram examinadas para detecção de anticorpos anti-cisticercos de Taenia solium por meio de ELISA e Immunoblot (IB) utilizando-se os seguintes antígenos: extrato salino total de cisticercos de T. solium (Tso); líquido vesicular de Taenia crassiceps (Tcra-vf) e glicoproteínas purificadas de cisticercos de T. crassiceps (Tcra-gp). Os resultados de ELISA com os antígenos Tso, Tcra-vf e Tcra-gp mostraram 95%, 90% e 80% de sensibilidade, respectivamente, e 68%, 85% e 93% de especificidade, respectivamente. No grupo de pacientes epilépticos, a positividade do ELISA foi 30%, 51% e 35% com os antígenos Tso, Tcra-vf e Tcra-gp, respectivamente. Considerando o IB como teste confirmatório, a positividade foi de 16% (14/88) no grupo total de pacientes epilépticos e 22% (12/54) no grupo de pacientes epilépticos com TC positiva e sinais clínicos compatíveis com neurocisticercose. Foi encontrada correlação estatística significativa entre os resultados de ELISA ou IB e a fase da doença com quaisquer dos antígenos utilizados (p < 0,05). Os resultados indicam a necessidade de introduzir na rotina dos laboratórios o diagnóstico de neurocisticercose nos pacientes com convulsões epilépticas devido ao elevado risco de aquisição da cisticercose em nossa região e sua participação na etiologia da epilepsia

Epidemiologia e controle da esquistossomose mansônica em área onde o hospedeiro intermediário é Biomphalaria tenagophila

The epidemiology and control of schistosomiasis mansoni in the Municipality of Pedro de Toledo (State of S. Paulo, Brazil) since 1980, has been studied. In 1980 the prevalence evaluated by stool exams (Kato-Katz method) was 22.8% and no statistical difference at 5.0% level was observed between rural and urban zones. The intensity of infection was low (58.5 eggs/g of faeces); the highest prevalence and intensity of infection rates were observed within the group of from 5 to 29 years of age, respectively. The transmission of schistosomiasis usually occurred during leisure time. The majority of the carriers of the parasite were asymptomatic. Of the B. tenagophila examined only 0.4% were found to be infected. The control programme has been intensified from 1981 on resulting in a sharp decrease in the prevalence from 22.8% in 1980 to 6% at the present time. This result shows that, in spite of the control programme there is a residual human prevalence. A beginning has been made on the investigation into the possible causes of this residual prevalence (6.0% was maintained through out 1987).Desde 1980, está-se estudando a epidemiologia e o controle da esquistossomose mansônica no Município de Pedro de Toledo (Estado de São Paulo, Brasil). Em 1980 a prevalência avaliada por exame de fezes (método de Kato-Katz) foi de 22,8%. Estatisticamente, ao nível de 5%, não houve diferença nas prêvalencias observadas nas zonas rural e urbana. A intensidade de infecção foi baixa (média geométrica de 58,5 ovos por grama de fezes). As maiores prevalências e intensidades de infecção foram registradas na faixa etária de 5 a 29 anos. Geralmente a transmissão da endemia verificou-se durante o lazer. Apenas 0,4% de B. tenagophila mostraram-se positivos para cercárias de S. mansoni. A maioria dos portadores era assintomático. O programa de controle foi intensificado após avaliação dos dados de 1980, resultando em diminuição acentuada da prevalência de 22,8% em 1980 para 6%. Esta prevalência residual vem se mantendo até 1987. Agora iniciamos estudos para investigar as possíveis causas dessa prevalência residual

Injury severity measures by AIS/90 manual and CAIS/85 chart in head injured patients

Estudo comparativo do uso do manual da ABBREVIATED INJURY SCALE (AIS) e dos mapas da CONDENSED ABBREVIATED INJURY SCALE (CAIS), como bases para cálculo do INJURY SEVERITY SCORE (ISS) em vítimas de trauma crânio-encefálico. Os resultados evidenciaram que o valor do ISS foi coincidente na maioria (59,51%) das vítimas passíveis de codificação pelos dois instrumentos. Quanto à indicação da faixa de gravidade do trauma (grave, moderado e leve) não existiram diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os dois instrumentos. Quanto a capacidade de cobertura da CAIS/85 para a identificação da gravidade das lesões constatou-se que a CAIS/85 permitiu a pontuação de 61,38% das lesões pontuadas com a AIS/90.Estudio comparativo del uso del Manual de la ABBREVIATED INJURY SCALE (AIS) y de los mapas de la CONDENSED ABBREVIATED INJURY SCALE (CAIS), como base para el cálculo del INJURY SEVERITY SCORE (ISS) en víctimas de trauma cráneo-encefálico. Los resultados mostraron que el valor del ISS coincidía en la mayoría (58,51%) de las víctimas posibles de codificación por los dos instrumentos. En cuanto a la indicación de la faja de gravedad del trauma (grave, moderado y leve) no existian diferencias estadísticamente significantes entre los dos instrumentos. En cuanto a la capacidad de cobertura de la CAIS/85 para la identificación de la gravedad de las lesiones, se constató que la CAIS/85 permitió la puntuación de 61,38% de las lesiones puntiadas con la AIS/90.This study was developed in order to compare the use of the ABBREVIATED INJURY SCALE (AIS) and the CONDENSED ABBREVIATED INJURY SCALE (CAIS) as basis to calculate INJURY SEVERITY SCORE (ISS) in head injured patients. The results showed that the ISS value was equivalent in the majority of the patients (58,51%) codified by both scales. Also no statistic differences between the scales were perceived when we compared the severity levels as severe, moderate and minor. 61,38% of the lesions scored by AIS/90 were scored by CAIS/85, too

Fostering Youth-Led Innovations to Accelerate Progress on the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals: A Guide for Policy Makers at COP28

In today’s world, to address the most pressing global challenges, education must equip all learners with the values, skills, and knowledge that nurture cooperation, resilience, respect for diversity, gender justice, and human rights. This concept is called Global Citizenship Education which is a target of the Sustainable Development Goal 4 – Quality Education. I commend the Mission 4.7 initiative facilitated by Columbia University’s Center for Sustainable Development, UNESCO, UN SDSN and the Ban Ki-moon Centre for Global Citizens, for playing a pivotal role in addressing SDG Target 4.7 and on the release of the “Fostering Youth-led Innovations to Accelerate Progress on the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals: A Guide for Policymakers at COP28. The report recommends that policymakers create supportive environments for youth innovators by establishing or opening innovation hubs, incubators, and accelerators for young individuals. A key element is the renewed emphasis on integrating global citizenship and systems thinking into school curricula to foster sustainable development. Global Citizenship Education and youth empowerment is essential for a better future, I hope that this report contributes to shaping the agenda on SDG Target 4.7 at COP28 and beyond. H.E. Ban Ki-moon8th Secretary-General, United Nations Co-chair, Mission 4.7Co-chair, Ban Ki-moon Centre for Global Citizen

Genomic view of heavy-ion-induced deletions associated with distribution of essential genes in Arabidopsis thaliana

Heavy-ion beam, a type of ionizing radiation, has been applied to plant breeding as a powerful mutagen and is a promising tool to induce large deletions and chromosomal rearrangements. The effectiveness of heavy-ion irradiation can be explained by linear energy transfer (LET; keV µm-1). Heavy-ion beams with different LET values induce different types and sizes of mutations. It has been suggested that deletion size increases with increasing LET value, and complex chromosomal rearrangements are induced in higher LET radiations. In this study, we mapped heavy-ion beam-induced deletions detected in Arabidopsis mutants to its genome. We revealed that deletion sizes were similar between different LETs (100 to 290 keV μm-1), that their upper limit was affected by the distribution of essential genes, and that the detected chromosomal rearrangements avoid disrupting the essential genes. We also focused on tandemly arrayed genes (TAGs), where two or more homologous genes are adjacent to one another in the genome. Our results suggested that 100 keV µm-1 of LET is enough to disrupt TAGs and that the distribution of essential genes strongly affects the heritability of mutations overlapping them. Our results provide a genomic view of large deletion inductions in the Arabidopsis genome

Total and High Molecular Weight Adiponectin and Hepatocellular Carcinoma with HCV Infection

Adiponectin is shown to be inversely associated with development and progression of various cancers. We evaluated whether adiponectin level was associated with the prevalence and histological grade of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.A case-control study was conducted on 97 HCC patients (cases) and 97 patients (controls) matched for sex, Child-Pugh grade and platelet count in patients with HCV infection. The serum total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and examined in their association with the prevalence of HCC. In addition, the relationship between these adiponectin levels and body mass index (BMI), progression of liver fibrosis, and histological grade of HCC was also evaluated. Liver fibrosis was assessed using the aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI).There were no significant differences in the serum total and HMW adiponectin levels between cases and controls. Moreover, there were no inverse associations between serum total and HMW adiponectin levels and BMI in both cases and controls. On the other hand, serum total and HMW adiponectin levels are positively correlated with APRI in both cases (r = 0.491, P<0.001 and r = 0.485, P<0.001, respectively) and controls (r = 0.482, P<0.001 and r = 0.476, P<0.001, respectively). Interestingly, lower serum total (OR 11.76, 95% CI: 2.97–46.66 [P<0.001]) and HMW (OR 10.24, CI: 2.80–37.40 [P<0.001] adiponectin levels were independent risk factors of worse histological grade of HCC.Our results suggested that serum total and HMW adiponectin levels were predictors of liver fibrosis, but not prevalence of HCC in patients with HCV infection. Moreover, low these adiponectin levels were significantly associated with worse histological grades