682 research outputs found
Producing and Responding to –isms in Interaction
We provide an introduction to some of the conceptual and methodological debates with respect to the focus of this special issue on –isms (a term used to refer to phenomena such as racism, sexism, and heterosexism), focusing on the definition and identification of these phenomena. We offer an overview of the different approaches to research in this regard, and conclude by summarizing the contributions to this special issue
Ethics in action: Consent-gaining interactions and implications for research practice
This article deals with the topic of social psychological research methods in practice, by examining how informed consent is gained from research participants. In most research, the consent-gaining process is hidden from analytic scrutiny and is dealt with before data collection has begun. In contrast, conversation analytic research, which records interactional encounters from beginning to end, enables examination of this methodological 'black box'. We explored how 'requests' to consent in research played out across different institutional settings. We found that participants had to 'opt-out' of a research process that was already underway. Consent-gaining sequences constrained opting out in two ways: (1) because research activity was already underway, it must be stopped affirmatively by participants; (2) consent-gaining turns were tilted in favour of continued participation, making opting out a dispreferred response. We also found a mismatch between what ethics guidelines specify about consent-gaining 'in theory' and what actually happens 'in practice'. Finally, we make suggestions about interventions in and recommendations for existing practice to best achieve informed consent. © 2012 The British Psychological Society
Ethics in action: consent-gaining interactions and implications for research practice
This article deals with the topic of social psychological research methods in practice, by examining how informed consent is gained from research participants. In most research, the consent-gaining process is hidden from analytic scrutiny and is dealt with before data collection has begun. In contrast, conversation analytic research, which records interactional encounters from beginning to end, enables examination of this methodological ‘black box’. We explored how ‘requests’ to consent in research played out across different institutional settings. We found that participants had to ‘opt-out’ of a research process that was already underway. Consent-gaining sequences constrained opting out in two ways: (1) because research activity was already underway, it must be stopped affirmatively by participants; (2) consent-gaining turns were tilted in favour of continued participation, making opting out a dispreferred response. We also found a mismatch between what ethics guidelines specify about consent-gaining ‘in theory’ and what actually happens ‘in practice’. Finally, we make suggestions about interventions in and recommendations for existing practice to best achieve informed consent
Conversation analysis, language, and sexuality
This chapter describes and illustrates a conversation analytic approach to language and sexuality. We start by exploring contrasts between conversation analytic and other approaches to connecting language as a practice and sexuality as an identity topic. We set this discussion in a broader ethnomethodological context, drawing out key themes and debates that have emerged since the inception of ethnomethodological approaches to the study of gender and sexuality in the 1960s, including notions such as ‘doing’ gender and sexuality and ‘passing’. We review briefly the controversial debates about the analytic tractability of identity topics, like sexuality and gender, in the conversation analytic tradition. After summarizing conversation analytic work on sexuality specifically, we illustrate what this approach offers to language and sexuality scholars, showing the methodological steps involved as well as the possibilities for applying findings in the real world beyond scholarly debate
The relationship between malnutrition risk and clinical outcomes in a cohort of frail older hospital patients
Background & aims Malnutrition has an adverse effect on clinical outcomes and frail older people may be at greater risk of malnutrition. The purpose and aims of this study was to investigate the relationship between markers of malnutrition risk and clinical outcomes in a cohort of frail older hospital patients. Methods 78 frail older hospital patients had the following measurements recorded; length of stay (LOS), time to medical fitness for discharge (TMFFD), body mass index (BMI), malnutrition universal screening tool (MUST) and mini-nutritional assessment short-form (MNA-SF) scores, blood urea, C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, CRP-albumin ratio; and bioelectrical impedance assessment (BIA) measurements (n = 66). Patients were grouped by mortality status 12 months post hospital admission. Grouping by albumin classification was performed (n = 66) whereby, 35, low. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed on variables as potential predictors of mortality. Results After 12 months, 31% (n = 24) of patients died. LOS was significantly greater in this group (25.0 ± 22.9 vs 15.4 ± 12.7d, P < 0.05). BMI (23.8 ± 4.9 vs 26.4 ± 5.5 kg/m2); fat mass (FM) (17.2 ± 9.9 vs 25.5 ± 10.5 kg), fat mass index (FMI) (9.3 ± 4.1 vs 17.9 ± 2.4 kg/m2); and MNA-SF score (6.6 ± 2.4 vs 8.6 ± 2.7) were significantly lower (P < 0.05), and urea significantly higher (11.4 ± 8.7 vs 8.8 ± 4.4 mmol/l, P = 0.05). Albumin was typically low across the entire group (30.5 ± 5.9 g/l) and a potential relationship was identified between albumin and MNA-SF score. MNA-SF, FM, and FMI were significant predictors of mortality outcome by ROC curve analysis, whereas MUST was a poor predictor. Conclusion This study highlights a potential relationship between indicators of malnutrition risk and clinical outcomes in frail older hospital patients which should be studied in larger cohorts with an aim to improve patient care
Non-Abelian Vortices on Cylinder -- Duality between vortices and walls
We investigate vortices on a cylinder in supersymmetric non-Abelian gauge
theory with hypermultiplets in the fundamental representation. We identify
moduli space of periodic vortices and find that a pair of wall-like objects
appears as the vortex moduli is varied. Usual domain walls also can be obtained
from the single vortex on the cylinder by introducing a twisted boundary
condition. We can understand these phenomena as a T-duality among D-brane
configurations in type II superstring theories. Using this T-duality picture,
we find a one-to-one correspondence between the moduli space of non-Abelian
vortices and that of kinky D-brane configurations for domain walls.Comment: 33 pages, 17 figures, v2: references added, typos corrected, the
final version published in PR
Instantons in the Higgs Phase
When instantons are put into the Higgs phase, vortices are attached to
instantons. We construct such composite solitons as 1/4 BPS states in
five-dimensional supersymmetric U(Nc) gauge theory with Nf(>=Nc) fundamental
hypermultiplets. We solve the hypermultiplet BPS equation and show that all 1/4
BPS solutions are generated by an Nc x Nf matrix which is holomorphic in two
complex variables, assuming the vector multiplet BPS equation does not give
additional moduli. We determine the total moduli space formed by topological
sectors patched together and work out the multi-instanton solution inside a
single vortex with complete moduli. Small instanton singularities are
interpreted as small sigma-model lump singularities inside the vortex. The
relation between monopoles and instantons in the Higgs phase is also clarified
as limits of calorons in the Higgs phase. Another type of instantons stuck at
an intersection of two vortices and dyonic instantons in the Higgs phase are
also discussed.Comment: 32 pages, 6 figures, typos corrected, comments and references adde
The Conversation Analytic Role-play Method (CARM): A Method for Training Communication Skills as an Alternative to Simulated Role-play
This an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Research on Language and Social Interaction on 06-08-2014, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/08351813.2014.925663.The Conversation Analytic Role-play Method (CARM) is an approach to training, based on
conversation analytic evidence about the problems and roadblocks that can occur in
institutional interaction. Traditional training often relies on role-play, but that differs systematically from the actual events it is meant to mimic and prepare for. In contrast,
CARM uses animated audio- and video-recordings of real-time, actual encounters. CARM
provides a unique framework for discussing and evaluating, in slow motion, actual talk as
people do their jobs. It also provides an evidence base for making decisions about effective
practice and communication policy in organizations. This article describes CARM's
distinctive practices and its impact on professional development across different
organizations. Data are in British English
The interaction of class and gender in illness narratives
This is the author's accepted manuscript. The final published article is available from the link below. Copyright @ 2008 BSA Publications Ltd.Perspectives on gender and identity that emphasize variability of performance, local context and individual agency have displaced earlier paradigms.These are now perceived to have supported gender stereotypes and language ideologies by emphasizing gender difference and homogeneity within genders. In a secondary analysis of health and illness narratives we explore the interaction of class and gender in individuals' constructions of gendered identity. High social class men perform gender in particularly varied ways and we speculate that this variable repertoire, including the use of what was once termed `women's language', is linked to a capacity to maintain social distinction and authority. Men's performance of conventional masculinity is often threatened by both the experience of illness and being interviewed about personal experience. Lower social class women in particular demonstrate an intensification of a pre-existing informal family and support group culture, marking successful members by awarding them the accolade of being `lovely'.ESR
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