The experience in the reconstruction of inferior vena cava in cases of renal cancer metastatic caval wall invasion

Introduction: In patients with malign renal tumors, inferior vena cava is involved in 4-10%, thus representing a serious barrier for radical intervention. Aim of study: The aim of this study is to analyze the results of surgical treatment of 18 patients (in 15 cases the right kidney was involved, in two cases the left and one case the only right kidney), with metastatic caval wall invasion, metastatic thrombus in the inferior vena cava, and metastasis of paracaval and paraaortal lymph nodes. Material and methods: The preoperative diagnosis was made using ultrasonnography, duplex scanning, CT angiography and angiography. Preoperative renal artery embolization was preferable. All patients underwent nefrectomy with retroperitoneal lymph nodes dissection. The reconstruction of the inferior vena cava was made by several methods: removement of the metastatic thrombus with caval suturing, resection of vena cava with grafting or patching. In 15 cases the tumoral caval wall invasion was demonstrated by postoperative histology analysis. Results: There has been one intraoperative lethal case in a patient that had a cardiopulmonary bypass system applied for removement of a metastatic thrombus that has reached the right atrium. The cause of death was disseminated intravascular coagulation. In 15 cases the postoperative outcome was satisfactory, without major complications. In one case the patient is dependent of hemodialysis. Conclusion: The achieved results indicate that resection of the affected cava with its grafting is the elective method for a more effective treatment of these tumors

Decentralization and regional government size in Spain

The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of fiscal decen- tralization on the size of regional governments in Spain, by controlling for economies of scale, interregional heterogeneity and institutional framework. We study it over 1985 to 2004 using a panel dataset of seventeen spanish regions. The results can be easily summarized. Firstly, it supports the classic public goods theory of a trade-off-between the economic benefits of size and the costs of heterogeneity. Secondly, it doesn’t reject the “Leviathan” hypoth- esis and neither does the “common pool” hypothesis. Thirdly, by contrast, the paper partly rejects the “Wallis”’ hypothesis. It argues that government size is mediated by financial resources obtained through intergovernmental grants, consistent with welfare economics and positive economic policies. We conclude that later advances in the decentralisation process must be compatible with the goal of reducing fiscal imbalances that emanate from the vertical structure of fiscal power.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Diffraction de rayons X sur les plaquettes de fer durcies par cyanuration

Une méthode de cyanuration a été developpée pour les surfaces des plaquettes de fer, basée sur une réaction thermochimique qui conduit à la formation des couches dures sur le métal. Les échantillons ont été analysés, pour de temps différents de traitement, par diffraction de rayons X et par mesures de dureté