Productive Pinning: A Quantitative Content Analysis Determining the Use of Pinterest by Agricultural Businesses and Organizations

In recent years social media sites have experienced rapid growth among users, specifically the image-based site Pinterest. The purpose of this study was to investigate how agricultural producers and businesses were using Pinterest. A sample of 428 Pinterest users were evaluated using a quantitative content analysis to determine basic information about how Pinterest was used and the presence of four possession rituals: personalizing, claiming, sharing, and storing and hoarding. The research objectives of this study included (1) determining the number of businesses and organizations using Pinterest, (2) identifying what possession rituals are most prominently utilized by agribusinesses and agricultural organizations on Pinterest, and (3) determining what segment of the agricultural industry is represented on Pinterest the most. The results indicated agricultural producers and businesses are utilizing Pinterest but progress is still warranted. More specif ically, the results revealed agriculture’s use of Pinterest is highly personalized, with the most room for improvement being in the area of sharing content agriculturists generate themselves

Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 36, No. 4

• The Art of Glass Blowing • Portrait Painting • The Ox Roast • Herbal Soap-Making • Fly-Fishing and Fly-Tying • Chalkware • Silversmithing • Festival Focus • Festival Programs • Coopering • Knife Making • Corn Husk Dolls • Salt Glaze Pottery • Blacksmithing and Iron Working • Bird Carving • Soft Pretzelshttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/pafolklifemag/1116/thumbnail.jp

Identification of Model Parameter for the Simulation of SMA Structures Using Full Field Measurements

With the design of new devices with complex geometry and to take advantage of their large recoverable strains, shape memory alloys components (SMA) are increasingly subjected to multiaxial loadings. The development process of SMA devices requires the prediction of their thermomechanical response, where the calibration of the material parameters for the numerical model is an important step. In this work, the parameters of a phenomenological model are extracted from multiaxial and heterogeneous tests carried out on specimens with the same thermomechanical loading history. Finite element analysis enables the computation of numerical strain fields using a thermodynamical constitutive model for shape memory alloys previously implemented in a finite element code. The strain fields computed numerically are compared with experimental ones obtained by DIC to find the model parameters which best matches experimental measurements using a newly developed parallelized mixed genetic/gradient-based optimization algorithm. These numerical simulations are carried out in parallel in a supercomputer to reduce the time necessary to identify the set of identified parameters. The major features of this new algorithm is its ability to identify material parameters of the thermomechanical behavior of shape memory alloys from full-field measurements for various loading conditions (different temperatures, multiaxial behavior, heterogeneous test configurations). It is demonstrated that model parameters for the simulation of SMA structures are thus obtained based on a reduced number of heterogeneous tests at different temperatures.NSF International Institute of Multifunctional Materials for Energy Conversion (IIMEC), award #084108

Kostenerstattung biologischer Medizin: die Wissenschaftlichkeitsklausel in der privaten Krankenversicherung

Stebner FA. Kostenerstattung biologischer Medizin: die Wissenschaftlichkeitsklausel in der privaten Krankenversicherung. Neuwied: Luchterhand; 1991

Explicit finite element implementation of an improved three dimensional constitutive model for shape memory alloys

This article documents a new implementation of a three dimensional constitutive model that describes evolution of elastic and transformation strains during thermo-mechanical shape memory alloy loading events assuming a symmetric, isotropic material response. In achieving this implementation, improvements were made to the original formulation of the constitutive model. These improvements allow for robust three-dimensional calculations over a greater range of thermo-mechanical loadings. Furthermore, a new explicit scheme for solving the model equations was derived. This scheme removed the need for user calibration of the numerical integration parameters and greatly reduced the sensitivity of this explicit finite element implementation of a rate independent model to mass scaling. Studies were performed that quantified both simulation times and convergence of the new scheme along with the original solution scheme of Panico and Brinson for single element and multi-element simulations. The effectiveness of the new scheme is apparent in 6 and 30 times reductions in computation expense for selected single and multi element simulations, respectively

Characterization of Ni19.5Ti50.5Pd25Pt5 High-Temperature Shape Memory Alloy Springs and their Potential Application in Aeronautics

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) have been used as actuators in many different industries since the discovery of the shape memory effect, but the use of SMAs as actuation devices in aeronautics has been limited due to the temperature constraints of commercially available materials. Consequently, work is being done at NASA's Glenn Research Center to develop new SMAs capable of being used in high temperature environments. One of the more promising high-temperature shape memory alloys (HTSMAs) is Ni19.5Ti50.5Pd25Pt5. Recent work has shown that this material is capable of being used in operating environments of up to 250 C. This material has been shown to have very useful actuation capabilities, demonstrating repeatable strain recoveries up to 2.5% in the presence of an externally applied load. Based on these findings, further work has been initiated to explore potential applications and alternative forms of this alloy, such as springs. Thus, characterization of Ni19.5Ti50.5Pd25Pt5 springs, including their mechanical response and how variations in this response correlate to changes in geometric parameters, are discussed. The effects of loading history, or training, on spring behavior were also investigated. A comparison of the springs with wire actuators is made and the benefits of using one actuator form as opposed to the other discussed. These findings are used to discuss design considerations for a surge-control mechanism that could be used in the centrifugal compressor of a T-700 helicopter engine

Young’s modulus evolution and texture-based elastic–inelastic strain partitioning during large uniaxial deformations of monoclinic nickel–titanium

The authors draw upon recent first-principles calculations of monoclinic NiTi elastic constants to develop a combined numerical–empirical, texture-based approach for calculating the Young’s modulus of polycrystalline, monoclinic nickel–titanium specimens. These calculations are carried out for load direction inverse pole figures measured in situ via neutron diffraction during tension–compression deformations to ∼18% true strain, as well as unloading events. As demonstrated by application to this empirical data set, the texture-based approach results in the ability to quantify the evolution of Young’s modulus and to micromechanically partition elastic and inelastic macroscopic strains for the entirety of non-linear and asymmetric uniaxial deformations, a result that had not been achieved previously for a monoclinic material

Shape Memory Alloy Actuator Design: Casmart Collaborative Best Practices And Case Studies

One goal of the Consortium for the Advancement of Shape Memory Alloy Research and Technology is to compile the collective design experiences of our member organizations into a single medium that researchers and engineers may use to make efficient and effective decisions when developing shape memory alloy (SMA) components and systems. Recent work toward this goal is presented through the framework of six fundamental design aspects we have identified, which include evaluation, alloy selection, processing and fabrication, testing and properties, modeling, and system integration considerations including control system design. Each aspect is documented in the light of enabling the design engineer to access the tools and information needed to successfully design and develop SMA systems. Application of these aspects is illustrated through case studies resulting from our own SMA designs. It is shown that there is not an obvious single, linear route a designer can adopt to navigate the path from concept to product. Each application brings unique challenges that demand a particular emphasis and priority for each engineering aspect involved in the development of a system actuated by SMAs. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht (outside the USA)