The Virtual Library : changing roles and ethical challenges for librarians

In this age of Information Technology, there have been so many opportunities for the Librarians for involvement in an information-based society including electronic and multimedia publishing, Internet based-information services, global networking, web based digital resources etc. The base of recorded information is growing at an accelerating rate, in increasing varieties of formats (texts, numeric, graphic, video, audio, image, electronic, etc.). Virtual Library can be defined as the Internet based Digital Library. The concept of “Virtual Library” is that any person who has a computer by which he can make connection to the library networks can access not only the resources of the library but also access variety of information that is available nationally and internationally through networks, like Internet, Intranet without being physically present in library. This article explains what is meant by a Virtual Library and to build a virtual library in what way the Librarians have to change their roles to face the challenges of modern Information Technologies in the changing environment. Also this article, discusses about the changing role of librarians, the skills needed to build a virtual library and how the virtual information should be collected, managed, preserved and disseminated to the millennium users

Pengaruh Profitabilitas Terhadap Harga Saham Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sub Sektor Makanan Dan Minuman Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2017-2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Profitabilitas yang di ukur menggunakan Return On Aset dan Return On Equity Terhadap Harga Saham yang di ukur menggunakan Closing Price. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode dokumentasi dan kepustakaan. Pemilihan sampel di lakukan dengan menggunakan Purposive sampling. Populasi penelitian ini adalah Perusahaan Manufaktur Sub Sektor Makanan dan Minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2017-2020 dengan 20 sampel perusahaan. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu uji asumsi klasik, pengujian hipotesis dan pengujian dengan regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa: 1) secara parsial, Return On Aset berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap harga saham. 2) secara parsial Return On Equity tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga saham.3) sedangkan secara simultan Return On Aset dan Return On Equity berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap harga saham

A Study on Prevalence of Adrenal Insufficiency in patients with chronic liver disease

BACKGROUND: Critical illness is associated with the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which is characterized by increased serum corticotropin and cortisol levels. In patients with severe sepsis, the integrity of the HPA axis can be impaired by several mechanisms. These patients typically have an exaggerated pro-inflammatory response and are considered to be relatively corticosteroid insufficient. This syndrome is referred to as critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI) which is characterized by insufficient corticosteroid mediated down regulation of inflammatory transcription factors. CIRCI occurs due to corticosteroid tissue resistance along with inadequate circulating levels of free cortisol. Numerous papers have reported a high incidence of adrenal failure in critically ill patients, including those with end stage liver disease and liver transplant recipients. The term hepatoadrenal syndrome i.e. Adrenocortical insufficiency in patients with liver cirrhosis has been used to describe such a relation between liver disease and adrenal failure. AIM OF THE STUDY: To assess the prevalence of adrenal insufficiency in patients with chronic liver disease and also to evaluate the correlation between adrenal insufficiency and the disease severity scores and the complications of chronic liver disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Our study was a prospective study, conducted on 100 patients diagnosed with chronic liver disease admitted to our institution in the period between January 2013 and January 2014, who were fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All patients underwent full clinical assessment, laboratory investigation Child. Pugh classification, Ultrasonography and upper GI endoscopy. The adrenal function of all patients was assessed by Serum Cortisol done after an overnight fasting, measured between 8.00 a.m. and 9.00 a.m. Serum cortisol level <5 μg/dl is highly suggestive of adrenal insufficiency. RESULTS: Our study revealed that adrenal insufficiency was found in 29 (29%) patients out of the 100 patients subjected to this study. The degree of AI correlated with the disease severity as measured by CTP AI being reported in 10(28.6%) of patients with CTP B and 19(54.3%) of patients with CTP C and none of the patients in CTP A. Adrenal insufficiency is more prevalent in patients presenting with complications of chronic liver disease such as variceal bleed (45.2%), hepatic encephalopathy (38.5%), hepatorenal syndrome (55.2%) and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (42.9%). CONCLUSION: Adrenal Insufficiency occurs frequently in patients with liver cirrhosis both during critical illness and in stable disease. Adrenal insufficiency occurs more frequently in patients with more severe liver disease and correlated with disease severity scores. Significant correlation was found between serum cortisol and serum bilirubin, variceal bleeding, CTP score and hepatorenal syndrom

ROLE OF YEAST ISOLATES FOR DEGRADATION OF THIRD GENERATION CEPHALOSPORIN ANTIBIOTICS : CEFOTAXIME AND CEFOPERAZONE

Objective: The objective of the present study was to study the degradation of third generation cephalosporin antibiotics viz. cefotaxime and cefoperazone using four yeast isolates under optimal conditions.Methods: The steps include screening of yeasts for degradation of cefotaxime and cefoperazone in minimal broth (MB). The effect of various parameters like pH, temperature, shaking speed, inoculum size and initial substrate concentration during degradation was studied. The effect of carbon and nitrogen as additional sources in MB on the yeast biomass production was tested. The degradation efficiency of four yeasts on cefotaxime and cefoperazone were calculated.Results: Under optimized conditions viz. pH 6.0, temperature 30°C, shaking speed of 120 rpm, inoculum dosage of 4% (v/v) and initial cefotaxime concentration of 200 mg/L and cefoperazone concentration of 150 mg/L, maximum yeast growth was noted. No improvement in yeast growth was observed due to the addition of extra carbon and nitrogen sources. Among four yeast isolates, maximum degradation of 61% cefotaxime at a concentration of 200 mg/L and 64 % cefoperazone at a concentration of 150 mg/L was shownby Candida sp. SMN04 under optimal condition.Conclusion: Therefore, based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that the yeasts isolates can serve as degraders of cephalosporin antibiotics viz. cefotaxime and cefoperazone in aqueous environment

Prospective study on antimicrobial protein of Spirastrella inconstans against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

The bioactive compound have to be extracted from the marine sponge Spirastrella inconstans for treatment against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which were isolated from the chronicwound of fisherman community of east and west coastal villages of India. About 100 MRSA strains were isolated from the pus samples and confirmed using standard biochemical tests. Since those strains developed resistance to almost all type of antibiotics, alternative bioactive compounds are needed for the treatment. Spirastrella inconstans was selected in which the crude bioactive compound were extracted by solvent extraction method. The antimicrobial activity was performed using agar well cutting and paper disc diffusion methods, in which chloroform extract was the most active compared to that of other solvents, with a maximum of 30 mm diameter of zone of inhibition. That crude extract protein was estimated by using Lowry’s method. The protein was precipitated using ammonium sulphate precipitation method and purified using dialysis. The purified protein was found to be of 3,000 Da molecular weight by SDS-PAGE, it can be used for the treatment of wound infection though the structural and molecular elucidations need to be done in the future

On Soft slightly πg-continuous functions

In this paper, we introduce and study the concept of soft slightly πg-continuous functions which is weaker than soft πg-continuous functions and obtain its fundamental properties. The relationship between soft slightly πg-continuity and other related functions is also analysed

ISOLATION, SCREENING AND IDENTIFICATION OF CEFDINIR DEGRADING YEASTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL WASTEWATER

Objective: The aim of the present study was to isolate, screen and identify the cefdinir degrading yeasts for the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater. Methods: The steps include isolation of yeasts from pharmaceutical wastewater, screening of yeasts for cefdinir degradation, studies on effects of pH, carbon and nitrogen sources on yeast growth, treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater using yeast. Results: Out of five yeast isolates, four were screened for cefdinir degradation and identified by molecular techniques. Yeast isolates were found to utilize cefdinir as sole carbon and energy source at an optimum pH 6.0. Addition of extra carbon and nitrogen sources in the growth medium did not show any improvement of yeast growth. Maximum cefdinir degradation by four yeast isolates was found to be 72%, 78%, 81% and 84% respectively and significant reduction in BOD, COD, TSS and TDS was noted after treating the pharmaceutical wastewater with the yeast isolates. Conclusion: The isolated yeasts may serve as potential remediation agents for the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater containing cefdinir, a semi-synthetic cephalosporin derivative

Relationships between Man and Nature in the Paandichi Novel

Our ancestors lived in harmony with nature. Nature is a gift to living beings. The gifts of nature are incalculable, such as the towering mountains, forests, green grasslands, water bodies, fields, trees, plants, vines, and wild animals. Thus, in the novel Paandichi written by Alli Fathima, it is known that the relationship between man and nature is different, such as the natural home of the people of Ponvalakadu Mudukudi, the earthworm laboratory, the natural office, the relationship of the animals, the natural tuber, the relationship between man and earth, the relationship between man and the earth air, the relationship between man and death, the relationship between man and the bird, the relationship between man and the snake, the relationship between man and the bamboo tree, etc