Evaluation of an offshore wind farm computational fluid dynamics model against operational site data

Modelling wind turbine wake effects at a range of wind speeds and directions with actuator disk (AD) models can provide insight but also be challenging. With any model it is important to quantify the level of error, but this can also present a challenge when comparing a steady-state model to measurement data with scatter. This paper models wind flow in a wind farm at a range of wind speeds and directions using an AD implementation. The results from these models are compared to data collected from the actual farm being modelled. An extensive comparison is conducted, constituted from 35 cases where two turbulence models, the standard k-ε and k-ω SST are evaluated. The steps taken in building the models as well as processes for comparing the AD computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results to real-world data using the regression models of ensemble bagging and Gaussian process are outlined. Turbine performance data and boundary conditions are determined using the site data. Modifications to an existing opensource AD code are shown so that the predetermined turbine performance can be implemented into the CFD model. Steady state solutions are obtained with the OpenFOAM CFD solver. Results are compared in terms of velocity deficit at the measurement locations. Using the standard k-ε model, a mean absolute error for all cases together of roughly 8% can be achieved, but this error changes for different directions and methods of evaluating it

Examination of Hide Production, Hide Grades, and Economic Losses of Inferior Hide Grades in Egypt during 2002 to 2013

The study examined hide production and economic losses of inferior hide grades in Egypt during 2002 to 2013. Data were obtained from the Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics for various livestock, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and one-way or two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The majority of hides produced were from buffaloes and were Grade 1 hides. Overall, the losses from condemned hides decreased from EGP1,756 in 2002 to EGP425 in 2013 (a decrease of 76%). Losses from Grade 3 hides also decreased from EGP141,369 in 2002 to EGP 63,859 in 2013 (a decrease of 55%). A concerted effort should be made to increase production from buffaloes to generate more revenues. Although the losses from both condemned and Grade 3 hides have been declining, we recommended the establishment of a buffalo hide quality grading system, and the development of an Extension education program to avoid activities that lead to losses

The Impact of Controlling Health Behavior on Awareness Levels to Limit the Spread of COVID-19

This study aimed to identify the impact of controlling health behavior on the level of awareness to limit COVID-19. A descriptive study was conducted on a sample of families of male and female students from a number of Saudi universities. The study used a questionnaire to collect data from 414 participants. The results showed that the participants had an elevated level of health awareness regarding methods and ways of preventing coronavirus, knowing the symptoms and how to transmit infection and ways of spreading the disease, in addition to knowing the procedures followed to isolate those infected. The participants also used a mixture of internal and external methods of health control. The study found statistically significant differences between the level of health awareness and controlling health behavior among respondents according to the study variables in favor of females, divorced, and those with a high economic level. The study recommends the importance of raising the level of health awareness through awareness, education, and training on controlling internal health behaviors

Performance Analysis and Protection of Submersible Motor for Unbalance Condition in Dewatering

This study discusses the safety of submersible motors in dewatering under current unbalanced conditions. Submersible motors are commonly employed in artificial lifting systems used in dewatering conditions. The submersible motor is vulnerable to hazards that might cause injury during the current imbalance state in dewatering. The researcher offers a basic protection mechanism that he has devised and a performance study of the submersible motor. Work on dewatering difficulties was finished in this study, and the suggested solution sought to safeguard the submersible motor. The protective strategy is effectively realized by utilizing three temperature sensors based on submersible motor coils by transmitting the signal to the microcontroller, which identifies the defective phases and sends the tripping signal to the AC drives (inverter) and sensors (water), submersible motor probe with ceramic measuring cell, and submersible motor inverter. In addition, the simulation and experimental results for various operating locations are shown in this study. The outcomes are in line with the goals that were set. This study provides guidelines for high-performance submersible motors in wells due to groundwater conditions. These guidelines are based on several failures discovered during an examination. Furthermore, this report suggests many techniques for preventing these failures. These suggestions are based on the investigation of numerous submersible motor pumps from various manufacturers in various wells in Egypt with short-term operations induced by various situations encountered while working on the site

Effect of vaginal progesterone in combination with cervical cerclage on improved gestational age and perinatal outcome in twin pregnancy: A prospective randomized study

Background: Prematurity is the second leading cause of death in the first month of life. Objective of present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of vaginal progesterone and cervical cerclage each alone and in combination in improving gestational age in twin pregnancy and its subsequent impact on perinatal outcome.Methods: A sample size of seventy-five patients has been calculated out of those recruited from outpatient clinic at menoufia university hospital. All fulfilled eligibility criteria of having a twin pregnancy with a history of spontaneous preterm labour, or with a sonographic short cervical length <25mm in mid trimester. The participants were randomly assigned to three groups. Group 1 (N-25): received vaginal progesterone supplementation of 200 mg from 20 weeks until 34 weeks of gestation. Group2 (N-25): were remedied with cervical cerclage of Mc Donald type at 14-16 weeks of gestation Group 3 (N-25): received both vaginal progesterone as well as cervical cerclage. The primary outcome measure was spontaneous delivery between 34-37 weeks of gestation. Secondary outcomes were delivery prior 34 weeks of gestation as well as some parameters of neonatal morbidity and mortality.Results: There was a statistically significant higher gestational age in combination group when compared to progesterone group or cerclage group (P<0.001). Comparison between progesterone and cerclage groups did not reach statistical significance(P=-0.85). Both progesterone and cerclage groups demonstrated significantly lower birth weights, lower Apgar scores and a higher NICU admission rate than in combination group(P<0.001), while such significant difference did not exist between progesterone and cerclage groups.Conclusions: Combination of vaginal progesterone and cervical cerclage can improve gestational age at delivery as well as some parameters of perinatal morbidity and mortality in twin pregnancy

Biochemical Study on Anti Thyroid Peroxidase in Type 2 Diabetic patients with thyroid disorders

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most frequent endocrinal disease commonly associated with thyroid disorders .The study is conducted at the Specialized Center for Endocrinology and Diabetes in Baghdad ,during December 2014 up to October 2015.This study was done to investigate the prevalence of anti- thyroid peroxidase (Anti-TPO) antibody in patients suffered from type 2 diabetes with thyroid disorders .The study groups included a total number of 80 subjects consisting of 60 type 2 diabetic patients divided into 20 hyperthyroidism subjects (group 1) ,20 hypothyroidism subjects (group 2), 20 euthyroidism subjects (group 3) and 20 healthy controls (group 4) . The fasting blood samples were analyzed for (T3,T4,TSH) by using Vitek Immuno diagnstic Assay System (VIDAS). Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) is used to detect anti-thyroid peroxidase (Anti-TPO) antibody .The results show that age, gender and BMI (body mass index) have significantly higher levels in the patients groups as compared to the healthy group at (

Differential Dynamic Changes of Reduced Trait Model for Analyzing the Plastic Response to Drought Phases: A Case Study in Spring Wheat

Current limited water availability due to climate changes results in severe drought stress and desiccation in plants. Phenotyping drought tolerance remains challenging. In particular, our knowledge about the discriminating power of traits for capturing a plastic phenotype in high-throughput settings is scant. The study is designed to investigate the differential performance and broad-sense heritability of a battery set of morphological, physiological, and cellular traits to understand the adaptive phenotypic response to drought in spring wheat during the tillering stage. The potential of peroxisome abundance to predict the adaptive response under severe drought was assessed using a high-throughput technique for peroxisome quantification in plants. The research dissected the dynamic changes of some phenological traits during three successive phases of drought using two contrasting genotypes of adaptability to drought. The research demonstrates 5 main findings: (1) a reduction of the overall dimension of the phenological traits for robust phenotyping of the adaptive performance under drought; (2) the abundance of peroxisomes in response to drought correlate negatively with grain yield; (3) the efficiency of ROS homeostasis through peroxisome proliferation which seems to be genetically programmed; and (4) the dynamics of ROS homeostasis seems to be timing dependent mechanism, the tolerant genotype response is earlier than the susceptible genotype. This work will contribute to the identification of robust plastic phenotypic tools and the understanding of the mechanisms for adaptive behavior under drought conditions.Summary statementThis study presents the estimated broad-sense heritability of 24 phenological traits under drought compared with non-stressed conditions. The results demonstrated a reduced model of the overall dimension of the phenological traits for phenotyping drought tolerant response including a novel trait (peroxisome abundance). Also, it displays that the adaptive mechanism through peroxisomes proliferation that is a genetic-dependent manner and related to the stress phase, since tolerant plants can sense the stress and maintain the cellular balance earlier than the sensitive plants

FORMULATION AND ASSESSMENT OF A HERBAL HAIR CREAM AGAINST CERTAIN DERMATOPHYTES

Objective: Developing an herbal antifungal formulation containing eruca and garlic oils against highly resistant dermatophytes (Malassezia fufur AUMC No. 5173, Microsporum canis bodin AUMC No. 5490 and Trichophyton mentagrophytes AUMC No. 5501. 5501) and assessment of garlic oil thiosulfonates during the ex vivo percutaneous permeation through albino rat skin.Methods: Assay of antifungal activity was performed by filter paper disc method and agar well diffusion method. The components of volatile constituents and fixed oil of eruca seeds were studied using GC/MS. Thiosulfinates in garlic oil were analyzed by HPLC/UV. Both oils were incorporated into hair cream using span 60 and brij 58 at three different concentrations (2, 4 and 6% w/w) and alliin, was ex vivo evaluated using albino rat skin mounted on Franz diffusion cells.Results: The two oils have a synergistic effect on the first and additive effect on the second and the third fungi. The main constituents in eruca are 4-(methyl thio) butyl isothiocyanate (82%) for volatile constituents and erucic acid (40%) for the fixed one. The highest flux for alliin (0.337±0.0015 mg/cm2/hr) was obtained at a 4% surfactant concentration.Conclusion: Combination of oils has a high activity on the selected dermatophytes. Formulation of an herbal hair cream using span 60 and Brij 58 with a concentration 4% gives the highest permeation rate for alliin in garlic oil.Keywords: Eruca, Garlic, Dermatophytes, Quantitative determination and Ex-vivo permeatio

Synthesis and antimicrobial study of new tetrazole, benzimidazole and N3-functionalized quinazolinone derivatives

Reactions of 4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one 3 with various nitrogen nucleophiles; sodium azide, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, ammonium acetate, and formamide afforded new N-heterocyclic compounds 4-7. The synthesized quinazolinone derivative 7 was used as a useful building block for further synthesis of new series of N3-functionalized quinazolinone compounds 8-12. The chemical structures of all synthesized heterocyclic compounds were deduced from their spectroscopic analyses. The antimicrobial activity of the new compounds was evaluated against several pathogenic microorganisms, and most of them showed remarkable activity comparable to the antibacterial Ciprofloxacin and antifungal Clotrimazole

Challenges of Autism Spectrum Disorders Families Towards Oral Health Care in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practice regarding oral health care among parents of autistic children and also the challenges faced by them in providing dental care for their Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) children’s in four regions of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Material and Methods:&nbsp; In total, 263 parents of autistic children participated in this cross-sectional study who were enrolled from 4 major regions of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire formulated in simple Arabic was distributed to parents of children diagnosed with autism or any form of ASD. The questionnaires consisted of demographic questions and also to assess their knowledge on oral health, child’s oral hygiene practices and visits to their dentist, oral hygiene, experience and challenges in waiting room area before the dental treatment, acceptance of treatment or rejection, accessibility to find non-dental centers either government or private for treatment and their recommendations. Results: All the parents brushed their child’s teeth using a toothbrush and fluoridated toothpaste. A total of 29.7% of the parents informed that their child never brushes teeth. A total of 41.4% of the parents visit the dental clinic when the child complains about dental problems and 54% find difficulty in locating appropriate dental clinic to deal with their ASD children. Most parents reported taking their child to a private office (38.8%). Only 3.8% of parents reported that their children had seizures during dental procedures. Conclusion:&nbsp; The knowledge toward oral health was found to be inadequate among the majority of the parents. Parents of ASD children need to be educated about the consequences of oral health neglect and the importance of regular check-ups