ONTOLOGY IN DIALOGUE

In its first section the volume contains contributions dealing with the debate between the German philosopher Markus Gabriel and some scholars in Palermo who discussed the fundaments of his ontology. In the next sections are gathered essays on critical ontology in the modern age, essays on intersubjectivity in social ontology and on ontology of arts and aesthetics

Studies on the growth and survival of bifidobacteria

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:DX175723 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

La casa nella esperienza dell'architettura contemporanea

I materiali che costituiscono questo volume, traggono origine da una collaborazione dei tre autori - A. Samonà, M. Canestrari, A. Sichenze - con la Fondazione Agnelli per la realizzazione, nel luglio 1975, di una unità sperimentale audio visiva rivolta alle facoltà di architettura italiane; in quella occasione - con la supervisione tecnica di Gianpaolo Bonani e il coordinamento della produzione a cura di Daniele Doglio - fu messo a punto un filmato televisivo della durata di trenta minuti, dal quale sono tratte le immagini che illustrano il presente volume, e fu elaborato il testo dell'introduzione e delle nove sezioni esplicative. Tutto il resto del materiale è il frutto di successive elaborazioni maturate nella esperienza didattica degli Autori i cui testi sono accompagnati da una serie di illustrazioni che percorrono cinquant'anni di architettura (1911-1962) a dimostrazione di una continuità di problemi e di soluzioni specifiche che nel tempo determinano l'intrecciarsi, architettonico, tra domanda e contesti; si tratta di esempi, disposti in cronologia, e non di modelli

Acid production by bifidobacteria and yoghurt bacteria during fermentation and storage of milk

Three species of bifidobacteria, namely Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium adolescentis were used in pure culture and in combination with yoghurt bacteria (B3 and SBI cultures) for the production of fermented milks. The number of bacteria during fermentation and the level of acid produced during fermentation and storage were assessed using Rogosa's modified selective agar and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It was found that during fermentation all bifidobacteria exhibited growth uncoupled from acid production. Two of the species examined produced only low levels of acids when grown individually and only B. adolescentis produced appreciable amounts. In mixed cultures, the level of acid was a reflection of the combination of yoghurt culture and species of Bifidobacterium, and this, observation suggests that there is a degree of influence between the cultures. During storage, the acid concentration remained quite stable in most samples. The prevention of post- production acidification that normally occurs during storage of yoghurt can be attributed to the presence of bifidobacteria, end it could be that acetic acid has a marginally inhibitory effect on the Lactobacillus and Streptococcus spp

Building New Approaches to Risk Reduction With Social Networks and People Who Smoke Illegal Drugs From Participatory Community-Based Research

Background: Global cases of overdose-related deaths attributed to synthetic opioids are reaching epidemic proportion in many jurisdictions. While the main focus of health agencies and the different levels of government has been to combat the cases linked to injection drug use, the deaths attributed to smoking illegal drugs have not gained the same attention. Moreover, little attention has been given to the role of people with past or current experiences of illegal drug use and how their social networks can mitigate the risk of a highly stigmatized behavior such as smoking illegal drugs. Methods: The study concerns the first social network research conducted via a community-based participatory action methodology in two distinct urban (Vancouver) and rural (Abbotsford) centers in British Columbia, Canada. The study will identify the influence of social networks on people who smoke illegal drugs (PWSID) and their adherence to interventions aimed at reducing harm. Through community consultations, members of the Vancouver Area Network of Drug Users and the British Columbia/Yukon Association of Drug War Survivors not only assisted with the design of this research project but also assisted with the data collection, management, protection and entry of demographic, and network information. Discussion: Many traditional qualitative and quantitative methods have not effectively engaged people who use drugs as researchers or collaborators due to stigma related to illegal drug use. The aim of this study is to recognize that everyone within the network of PWSID is a few steps away from harm. Therefore, we aim to reduce the harm associated with smoking of illegal drugs, especially for PWSID that are at the highest risk. At the same time, we hope that the social network research via a participatory community-based approach will mobilize PWSID in the process and offer a different method of knowledge construction from the traditional positivist approaches.Medicine, Faculty ofOther UBCNon UBCPopulation and Public Health (SPPH), School ofReviewedFacultyPostdoctoralOthe

A Comparison of Radiographic Acetabular Measurements in Elderly Patients with and without Osteoarthritis

This paper analyzed anatomical similarities and differences of the acetabulum between patients with hip OA, compared to patients without OA. Review of AP pelvic radiographs in patients with femoral neck fractures (patients with OA were excluded) and patients with OA of the hip scheduled for THA. No significant difference exists in AI or CE angle between the 2 groups, but patients without OA had a significantly higher DW ratio. Depth: Width CE angle ratio increased significantly with age in both the entire sample, and in the female-only subgroup. The study provides radiographic means to measure normal values which can serve as a possible reference point for proper prosthesis placement in total hip arthroplasty procedures and in hip fracture repai

Removal Torque of Nail Interlocking Screws is Related to Screw Proximity to the Fracture and Screw Breakage

Studies have shown that titanium implants can be challenging to explant due to the material’s excellent biocompatibility and resulting osseointegration. Clinically, titanium alloy nail interlocking screws may require removal to dynamize a construct or revise the nail due to nonunion, infection, pain, or periprosthetic fracture. This study was designed to determine what variables influence the removal torque for titanium alloy interlocking screws. An intramedullary nail with four interlocking screws was used to stabilize a 1-cm segmental femoral defect in a canine model for 16 weeks. The animals were observed to be active following a several-day recovery after surgery. In six animals, the femora and implanted nail/screws were first tested to failure in torsion to simulate periprosthetic fracture of an implant after which the screws were then removed. In four additional animals, the screws were removed without mechanical testing. Both intraoperative insertional and extraction torques were recorded for all screws. Mechanical testing to failure broke 10/24 screws. On average, the intact screws required 70% of the insertional torque during removal while broken screws only required 16% of the insertional torque (p \u3c 0.001). In addition, intact screws closer to the fracture required 2.8 times more removal torque than the outboard distal screw (p \u3c 0.005). On average, the angle of rotation to peak torque was ∼80°. The peak axial load did not significantly correlate with the torque required to remove the screws. On average, the removal torque was lower than at the time of insertion, and less torque was required to remove broken screws and screws remote to the fracture. However, broken screws will require additional time to retrieve the remaining screw fragment. This study suggests that broken screws and screws in prematurely active patients will require less torque to remove

Combining respondent-driven sampling with a community-based participatory action study of people who smoke drugs in two cities in British Columbia, Canada

Background: The smoking of illicit drugs presents a serious social and economic burden in Canada. People who smoke drugs (PWSD) are at increased risk of contracting multiple infections through risky drug practices. Peer-led harm reduction activities, and the resulting social networks that form around them, can potentially minimize the dangers associated with the smoking illicit drugs. Goal: The goals of this study were to pilot test the combined approaches of respondent driven sampling with community based participatory action research in these settings and compare the attributes and social networks of PWSD in two British Columbia cities with different harm reduction programs. Methods: Using community-based participatory action research (CBPAR) and respondent-driven sampling (RDS), individuals with lived drug experiences were employed from communities in Abbotsford and Vancouver as peer researchers to interview ten contacts from their social networks. Contacts completed a questionnaire about their harm reduction behaviours and interactions. Results: We found that PWSD residing in Abbotsford were more likely to report engaging in harm-promoting behaviours, such as sharing, reusing, or borrowing crack pipes. However, PWSD in the Downtown East side Community of Vancouver were more likely to report engaging in harm-reducing activities, such as being trained in naloxone use and CPR. We found no differences in network sizes between the two communities, despite the population differences and harm reduction programs Conclusion: The high participation rates and interactions between researchers, and peer researchers enriched the study implementation and successfully informed our results. The fact that there were no differences in network size suggests that people have similar support in Vancouver as in Abbotsford, and that drug use practices differ mainly due to availability of harm reduction programming and resources.Dentistry, Faculty ofMedicine, Faculty ofOther UBCNon UBCPopulation and Public Health (SPPH), School ofReviewedFacult

Research 101 : A process for developing local guidelines for ethical research in heavily researched communities

Background: Marginalized communities often attract more than their share of research. Too often, this research benefits researchers disproportionately and leaves such communities feeling exploited, misrepresented, and exhausted. The Downtown Eastside (DTES) neighborhood of Vancouver, Canada, has been the site of multiple public health epidemics related to injection drug use as well as the site of much community-led resistance and struggle that has led to the development of cutting-edge harm reduction interventions (e.g., North America’s first supervised injection facility, Insite) and a strong sense of community organization. This background has made the DTES one of the most heavily researched communities in the world. Amidst ongoing experiences of unethical or disrespectful research engagement in the neighborhood, a collaboration between local academic researchers and community representatives developed to explore how we could work together to encourage more respectful, community-responsive research and discourage exploitative or disrespectful research. Methods: We developed a series of six weekly workshops called “Research 101.” These workshops brought together approximately 13 representatives from peer-based organizations in the DTES with a variety of experiences with research. Research 101 created space for community members themselves to discuss the pitfalls and potential of research in their neighborhood and to express community expectations for more ethical and respectful research. Results: We summarized workshop discussions in a co-authored “Manifesto for Ethical Research in the Downtown Eastside.” This document serves as a resource to empower community organizations to develop more equitable partnerships with researchers and help researchers ground their work in the principles of locally developed “community ethics.” Manifesto guidelines include increased researcher transparency, community-based ethical review of projects, empowering peer researchers in meaningful roles within a research project, and taking seriously the need for reciprocity in the research exchange. Conclusions: Research 101 was a process for eliciting and presenting a local vision of “community ethics” in a heavily researched neighborhood to guide researchers and empower community organizations. Our ongoing work involves building consensus for these guidelines within the community and communicating these expectations to researchers and ethics offices at local universitiesNon UBCReviewedFacult