T-government for benefit realisation

This paper proposes a model for t-Government and highlights the research agenda needed to increase understanding of transformational government and the processes involved in furthering the agenda of the t-Government. In particular, both an operational and a conceptual model for the effective involvement of citizens and businesses in government functioning have been proposed. This will help to define an agenda for t-Government research that emerges from national UK strategy and policy for e-Government. The main threads of t- Government encompass: (1) A citizen-centric delivery of public services or e-inclusion, (2) A shared services culture to maximize value added to clients, (3) The effective delivery and management of resources and skills within government or professionalism. All three threads should be addressed principally from the perspectives of delivery, evaluation and participation in view of benefit realisation as envisioned by Government strategic planning and policy directives (CabinetOffice, 2005). The management of change dimension of these phenomena have been included in the research agenda. In particular, research is needed to reshape the discourse towards emphasising a citizen centric approach that defines, develops, and benefits from public service. Decision makers in Government will need models of Governance that fulfil transformational objectives. They will also need models of benefits realisation within a strategic Governance framework. It has been argued that t-Government research should be addressing these relative voids

Optical properties of ZnO nanocrystals embedded in PMMA

We report in this work the preparation of thin films of ZnO nanocrystals synthesized and dispersed in polymethylmethacrylate using a easy route and deposited in class substrate by spin coating technique. Their structural and optical properties were investigated by X-ray, absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The XRD patterns exhibit sharp peaks at 2θ corresponding to the hexagonal (wurtzite) phase diffraction planes. The optically characterization, exhibit a wide absorption band in the range of the study and a large emission band with three peaks at 481.5, 531.09 and at 671.28 nm.The crystallites radius (R) was estimated by applying the effective mass approximation model and was about 1.8 nm. From measurements of second order susceptibilities using harmonic generation technique at λ=1,064 nm  in picoseconds regime we deduced λ2eff equal to 5.95×10−10  m/V. Obtained λ2eff was four order of magnitude larger compared with ZnO bulk material (2.5 pm/V)

On Non Commutative Calabi-Yau Hypersurfaces

Using the algebraic geometry method of Berenstein et al (hep-th/0005087), we reconsider the derivation of the non commutative quintic algebra ${\mathcal{A}}_{nc}(5)$ and derive new representations by choosing different sets of Calabi-Yau charges ${C_{i}^{a}}$. Next we extend these results to higher $d$ complex dimension non commutative Calabi-Yau hypersurface algebras ${\mathcal{A}}_{nc}(d+2)$. We derive and solve the set of constraint eqs carrying the non commutative structure in terms of Calabi-Yau charges and discrete torsion. Finally we construct the representations of ${\mathcal{A}}_{nc}(d+2)$ preserving manifestly the Calabi-Yau condition $\sum_{i}C_{i}^{a}=0$ and give comments on the non commutative subalgebras.Comment: 16 pages, Latex. One more subsection on fractional branes, one reference and minor changes are added. To appear in Phy. Let.

Synthesis, photophysical and photochemical properties of oxazolone derivatives

Acyloxyphenyl derivatives of oxazolone, which have tree photo active centers, were synthesized and their physicochemical properties are determined by NMR, absorption, fluorescence excitation and emission spectroscopies. The semi-empirical calculations carried out according with the theory of the PM3/Cl level has shown, that at an irradiating of their solutions by UV-light give no possibilities of the photo-Fries reaction. The calculated values are in a good accordance with the experimental ones

Optimization of liquid crystal structures for real time holography applications

In this paper we present results of experiments designed to increase our understanding of the photorefractive effect occurring during processes of dynamic hologram generation in Hybrid Photorefractive Liquid Crystal Structures (HPLCS). We also propose equivalent mathematical model which can be used to optimize those structures in order to obtain the highest diffraction efficiency in possibly shortest time. (C) 2011 Optical Society of Americ

Dependence of nonlinear refractive index of ZnSe on Be and Mg content

The values of the nonlinear refractive index n(2) and the two-photon absorption coefficient beta of ternary and quaternary ZnSe-based mixed crystals were extracted from the standard backward degenerate four wave mixing (DFWM) and nonlinear transmission measurements at 532 nm, respectively. Studied crystals were grown by the modified high-pressure Bridgman method. We found that the value of the nonlinear refractive index n(2) for Zn(0.79)Be(0.21)Se is higher than that for Zn(0.80)Mg(0.20)Se. However, the opposite behaviour was found in the case of two-photon absorption coefficient beta for these compounds. We also found that the values of the nonlinear refractive index n(2) and the two-photon absorption coefficient beta for Zn(0.83)Be(0.04)Mg(0.13)Se are about five times lower and three times higher than that for Zn(0.80)Mg(0.13)Se, respectively. In the case of ternary ZnSe-based crystals we noticed that the value of the nonlinear refractive index n2 decreases with increasing Mg or Be content. However, the value of the two-photon absorption coefficient beta increases with increasing Mg or Be content

Linear and nonlinear optical properties of the CdSe nanocrystals embedded in PMMA matrix

CdSe nanocrystals (NCs) were prepared using a colloidal solution and dispersed in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) matrix. Using spin coating technique, thin films deposited on glass substrates were prepared. Their structural and optical properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and UV-visible absorption, respectively. The absorption spectra of these dispersed NCs exhibit excitonic peaks resulting from the electron-hole coupling transitions. Due to a quantum confinement effect, a blue shift is deduced by comparison of such transition with respect to reported bulk band gap. Assuming a spherical like shape for these NCs, the crystallites radius (R) was estimated by applying the effective mass approximation model and was about 2.92 nm. Such a weak radius value compared to Bohr radius (RB = 5.5 nm) leads to a strong quantum confinement regime. Moreover, the influence of this confinement effect on nonlinear optical (NLO) properties was also studied. Quadratic and cubic NLO properties were investigated by second and third harmonic generation techniques (SHG and THG) with a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser working at 1064 nm fundamental wavelength. The NLO susceptibilities Χ<2>eff, Χ<3>eff were measured to be equal to 2.27.10-10(m/V) and 2.28.10-20(m2/V2), respectively

The application of systems engineering on the building design process

The evolution in the design process is usually based on the choice of a method for designing the system, in which its preference is previously selected by a process available to use and not by an open selection process. An open system approach is both a technical approach to design concepts and a preferred business strategy that is becoming widely applied by manufacturers of large complex systems. Although systems engineering consider both the business and the technical needs of customers, their goals is to provide a quality product that meets all user needs. This paper describes the capabilities of using some available systems engineering standards (like EIA-632) in the design process. Then, a methodological approach will be proposed for the practice of requirements engineering by applying quality assessment and control to design in early phases. This paper also discusses the need for a rigorous systems engineering process, which incorporates open systems concepts and principles to make a design method more or less appropriate by promoting multiple sources of supply and technology insertion. To demonstrate the applicability and efficiency of those standards, an application case study focusing more on applying systems engineering concepts to the building design is described along with verification and validation processes