Scheme for the preparation of the multi-particle entanglement in cavity QED

Here we present a quantum electrodynamics (QED) model involving a large-detuned single-mode cavity field and $n$ identical two-level atoms. One of its applications for the preparation of the multi-particle states is analyzed. In addition to the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state, the W class states can also be generated in this scheme. The further analysis for the experiment of the model of $n=2$ case is also presented by considering the possible three-atom collision.Comment: 5 Pages, 1 Figure. Minor change

The brazilian Amaryllidaceae as a source of acetylcholinesterase inhibitory alkaloids

Nine Brazilian Amaryllidaceae species were studied for their alkaloid composition and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity via GC-MS and a modified Ellman assay, respectively. A total of thirty-six alkaloids were identified in these plants, of which Hippeastrum papilio and H. glau-cescens exhibited the highest galanthamine content and the best IC50 values against AChE. Furthermore, Hippeastrum vittatum and Rhodophiala bifida also showed notable AChE inhibitory effects. X-ray crys-tallographic data for four galanthamine-type com-pounds revealed significant differences in the orientation of theN-methyl group, which are shown to be related to AChE inhibition

Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Solidago chilensis in rats

AbstractSolidago chilensis Meyen, Asteraceae, is traditionally used to treat inflammation. However, phytochemical and pharmacology investigations are lacking. This study evaluated the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of hydroalcoholic extract from S. chilensis aerial parts in rats. In oral glucose tolerance tests the rats received saline (0.5 ml/100 g) in control group (C), hydroalcoholic extract (125, 250 or 500 mg/kg p.o.; n = 6) or glibenclamide (10 mg/kg p.o.; n = 6). After 30 min, glucose (4 g/kg) was administered. Rats treated with hydroalcoholic extract 500 demonstrated decreased glucose levels at 180 min (-22.1%), when compared with group C, similar to glibenclamide. Moreover, treatment with hydroalcoholic extract 500 significantly increased the glycogen content in the liver and soleus muscle, and hydroalcoholic extract 250 specifically inhibited the enzyme maltase when compared with group C. Furthermore, all hyperglycemic rats treated with hydroalcoholic extract (125, 250 and 500) exhibited an accentuated decrease in total cholesterol levels (-36.8%, -36.7% and -41.3%, respectively). Our results suggest that hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of hydroalcoholic extract could be associated with increased production and release of insulin as well as with insulinotropic and antioxidant effects

Validation of a Culturally Relevant Snakebite Envenomation Clinical Practice Guideline in Brazil

Snakebite envenoming (SBE) is a neglected tropical disease with significant global morbidity and mortality. Even when antivenom is available in low-resource areas, health workers do not receive adequate training to manage SBEs. This study aims to develop and validate a clinical practice guideline (CPG) for SBE management across Brazil. A panel of expert judges with academic and/or technical expertise in SBE management performed content validation. The content validity index (CVI) score was 90% for CPG objectives, 89% for structure and presentation and 92% for relevance and classified the CPG as valid. A semantic validation was performed by analyzing focus group discussions with doctors and nurses from three municipalities of the Brazilian Amazon, after a 5-day meeting during which the CPG was presented. Two central themes emerged: knowledge acquired during the meeting and recommendations for improving the CPG. Based on these results, the CPG was revised into a final version. This study presents the successful development and validation process of a CPG for SBE management, which is targeted to a specific low-resource, high-burden setting. This development and validation process can be adapted to other settings and/or other neglected tropical diseases

Older age and time to medical assistance are associated with severity and mortality of snakebites in the Brazilian Amazon: a case-control study

Submitted by Janaína Nascimento ([email protected]) on 2019-02-15T11:17:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ve_Feitosa_Esaú_etal_INI_2015.pdf: 1624394 bytes, checksum: df5b13cfa36f35b77b0def5f96203d08 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Janaína Nascimento ([email protected]) on 2019-02-15T13:12:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ve_Feitosa_Esaú_etal_INI_2015.pdf: 1624394 bytes, checksum: df5b13cfa36f35b77b0def5f96203d08 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-15T13:12:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ve_Feitosa_Esaú_etal_INI_2015.pdf: 1624394 bytes, checksum: df5b13cfa36f35b77b0def5f96203d08 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado. Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa. Manaus, AM, Brasil / Universidade do Estado do Amazonas. Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado. Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa. Manaus, AM, Brasil / Universidade do Estado do Amazonas. Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde. Manaus, AM, Brasil / Fundação de Vigilância em Saúde do Amazonas. Núcleo de Sistemas de Informação. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Emory University. Department of Medicine. Atlanta, GA, USA.Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado. Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa. Manaus, AM, Brasil / Universidade do Estado do Amazonas. Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado. Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa. Manaus, AM, Brasil / Universidade do Estado do Amazonas. Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado. Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa. Manaus, AM, Brasil / Universidade do Estado do Amazonas. Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado. Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa. Manaus, AM, Brasil / Universidade do Estado do Amazonas. Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado. Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa. Manaus, AM, Brasil / Universidade do Estado do Amazonas. Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Amazonas. Instituto de Ciências Biológica. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado. Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa. Manaus, AM, Brasil / Universidade do Estado do Amazonas. Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde. Manaus, AM, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado. Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa. Manaus, AM, Brasil / Universidade do Estado do Amazonas. Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde. Manaus, AM, Brasil.The Amazon region reports the highest incidence of snakebite envenomings in Brazil. We aimed to describe the epidemiology of snakebites in the state of Amazonas and to investigate factors associated with disease severity and lethality. We used a nested case-control study, in order to identify factors associated with snakebite severity and mortality using official Brazilian reporting systems, from 2007 to 2012. Patients evolving to severity or death were considered cases and those with non-severe bites were included in the control group. During the study period, 9,191 snakebites were recorded, resulting in an incidence rate of 52.8 cases per 100,000 person/years. Snakebites mostly occurred in males (79.0%) and in rural areas (70.2%). The most affected age group was between 16 and 45 years old (54.6%). Fifty five percent of the snakebites were related to work activities. Age ≤15 years [OR=1.26 (95% CI=1.03-1.52); (p=0.018)], age ≥65 years [OR=1.53 (95% CI=1.09-2.13); (p=0.012)], work related bites [OR=1.39 (95% CI=1.17-1.63); (p6 hours [OR=1.73 (95% CI=1.45-2.07); (p6 hours [OR=2.01 (95% CI=1.15-3.50); (p=0.013)] were independently associated with the risk of death. Snakebites represent an occupational health problem for rural populations in the Brazilian Amazon with a wide distribution. These results highlight the need for public health strategies aiming to reduce occupational injuries. Most cases of severe disease occurred in the extremes of age, in those with delays in medical attention and those caused by Micrurus bites. These features of victims of snakebite demand adequate management according to well-defined protocols, including prompt referral to tertiary centres when necessary, as well as an effective response from surveillance systems and policy makers for these vulnerable groups

<i>Crotalus Durissus Ruruima</i>: Current Knowledge on Natural History, Medical Importance, and Clinical Toxinology

Crotalus durissus ruruima is a rattlesnake subspecies mainly found in Roraima, the northernmost state of Brazil. Envenomings caused by this subspecies lead to severe clinical manifestations (e.g. respiratory muscle paralysis, rhabdomyolysis, and acute renal failure) that can lead to the victim’s death. In this review, we comprehensively describe C. d. ruruima biology and the challenges this subspecies poses for human health, including morphology, distribution, epidemiology, venom cocktail, clinical envenoming, and the current and future specific treatment of envenomings by this snake. Moreover, this review presents maps of the distribution of the snake subspecies and evidence that this species is responsible for some of the most severe envenomings in the country and causes the highest lethality rates. Finally, we also discuss the efficacy of the Brazilian horse-derived antivenoms to treat C. d. ruruima envenomings in Roraima state

Hypolipidemic and antiatherogenic effects of Cynara scolymus in cholesterol-fed rats

ABSTRACT Cynara scolymus L., Asteraceae, are traditionally used to treat dyspepsia. This study evaluated the hypolipidemic and antiatherogenic effects of an aqueous extract prepared from the leaves of C. scolymus in rat's model. Hypercholesterolemic rats (1% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid for 15 days) were treated (0.5 ml/200 g) with extract of C. scolymus (150, 300, or 600 mg/kg p.o.; n = 6) or simvastatin (4 mg/kg p.o.; n = 6) once per day for 30 days along with hypercaloric diet. A control group (C) was given water (0.5 ml/200 g; n = 6). A high-cholesterol diet was maintained throughout the treatment period. Rats treated with extract of C. scolymus (150, 300, or 600 mg/kg) and simvastatin showed significant decreases in serum levels of total cholesterol (&#8722;46.9%, &#8722;51.9%, &#8722;44%, and &#8722;41.9%, respectively) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C; &#8722;52.1%, &#8722;54.8%, &#8722;51.9%, and &#8722;46.7%, respectively), compared with group C (p < 0.005). Biochemical analyses revealed significant decrease in the concentration of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-&#945;, IFN-&#947;, C-reactive protein, oxidized-LDL, and antioxidized-LDL in rats treated with extract of C. scolymus (150, 300, or 600 mg/kg). There were no differences in serum ALT enzyme activity between the groups. Our results suggest that hypolipidemic and antiatherogenic effects could be related with the presence of polar substances present in aqueous extract of C. scolymus