The Adsorbsi Cuper (II) by Sulfonated Sawdust

The existence of heavy metals is one of the major problems in the world. Increasing concentration of heavy metals because toxic in the soil, air, and water. Many methods have been developed to decrease concentration of heavy metals from water, for example by precipitation, evaporation, electrochemical and resin's consumption. However, the method is not effective because it requires high cost to operate. Therefore, the research for that materials are cheap and available. Biomaterial is one of the are used to reduce heavy metals from water (biosorption), for example sawdust. In this research, sawdust that used as adsorbent ion copper (II) must be modified by adding a sulfonate group by sulfonation process. The parameters tested are the activation time (sulfonation) and contact time. The optimum conditions of adsorption of Copper (II) by sulfonated sawdust in a single solution occurred at the sulfonation time 120 minutes and adsorption's contact time 60 minutes, the efficiency adsorption is 99.27%. From that conditions, the sulfonated sawdust is tested on the adsorption of Copper (II) in electroplating wastewater. The efficiency adsorption of Copper (II) in electroplating wastewater is 39.03%. This is occured because of the competition uptake's metals in the electroplating wastewater

Risk Factors in the Incidence of Gouty Arthritis in Masohi Town, Central Maluku Regency in 2010

The gouty arthritis incidence rate in Masohi Townof Central Maluku Regency is 54 people based on the data from the general  hospital in Masohi. The aim of study was to find out the risk factor in the incidence of gouty arthritis in Masohi Town of Central Maluku Regency. The study was analytic observation using a control case study. The number of respondents was 196 people consisting of 98 cases and 98 controls. The data were analyzed by using odds ratio (OR) and multiple logistic regression. The results of the study indicate that the risk factors in the incidence of gouty arthritis are hypertension (OR = 2.20 CI 95%; 1.24-3.90), central obesity (OR = 3.04 CI 95%; 1.66-5.55), alcoholic comsumption (OR = 2.28 CI 95%; 1.29-4.05), purine food consumption (OR = 5.14 CI 95% 2.80-9.44), gout history in family (OR = 3.10 CI 95%; 1.73-5.55), and soft drink consumption (OR = 1.33 CI 95%; 0.72-2.45). The multivariate analysis indicates that the most dominant factor affecting the incidence of gouty arthritis is purine food consumption (p = 0.000).  Since the consumption of purine food is the most dominant factor affecting the incidence of gouty arthritis, diet pattern is necessary for the patients

The Semi-Quantitative Study of Magnetization Process on Milling and Reannealing of Barium Hexaferrite (BaO.6Fe2O3)

Barium hexaferrite (BaO.6Fe2O3) is as a hard magnetic material with good chemical stability which has been intensively used as permanent magnet components. Many works have been done in order to improve their magnetic properties either through chemical process or powders metallurgy technique. In this work, commercial BaO.6Fe2O3 was milled using high-energy milling machine for 10, 20 and 30 hours and followed by reannealing for 3 hours at 1000⁰C in air. X-ray diffraction pattern indicate no phase decomposition occurred caused the mill processing, annealing of milled powders recovered the crystal system and promoted crystallite growth. The magnetic hysteresis curve measured by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) shows the coercivity of annealed BaO.6Fe2O3 increases to two times higher than the original one. By using Jiles-Atherton model, all the hysteresis parameters Ms, k, α, a and c, have been determined adopted to the Genetic Algorithm (GA). The analyzed hysteretic parameters obtained from this work is congruent to the change of magnetic properties of as-milled and annealed powders of barium hexaferrite.Received: 16 February 2009; Revised: 1 September 2009; Accepted: 23 November 200

Development and Pilot Study of Group-Based Dietary Self-Management Program for Community Dwellers with Hypertension

Background: In most countries worldwide, hypertension is considered as an important problem. Moreover, an increasing trend in the prevalence and incidence has been reported in most countries. This increasing trend requires an innovative approach to improve the lifestyle modification of hypertensive sufferers including their dietary behaviors. Objective: This developmental research aims to develop a program for improving the dietary behaviors of community dwellers with hypertension. Method: The process of this program development includes a literature review related to the self-management programs for hypertension, and dietary behavior outcomes, expert validation, and pilot testing. Result: The setting, strategies, duration, and outcome measurement from the literature review were taken into consideration to develop the new program. The newly developed group-based self-management program consists of: 1) the sharing and reflecting of individual current dietary behavior, 2) group educational session, 3) individual comparison of behavior and reflection of obstacles, 4) individual goal setting, and 5) follow up. In the educational session, the DASH eating plan is used as the reference as it is commonly used in studies about diet for hypertension

PERAN INSTRUKTUR DALAM PROSES PEMBELAJARAN KURSUS MENGEMUDI DI LEMBAGA KURSUS DAN PELATIHAN (LKP) BORNEO SAMARINDA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran instruktur dalam proses pembelajaran kursus mengemudi di Lembaga Kursus dan Pelatihan (LKP) Borneo Samarinda, subjek penelitian didapat dari hasil pengumpulan data berupa wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Subjek dari data wawancara berupa narasumber dari penelitian ini terdiri dari pengelolah/penanggung jawab, Instruktur kursus mengemudi dan Peserta Kursus mengemudi. Subjek dari observasi berupa peneliti langsung ke Lembaga Kursus dan Pelatihan (LKP) Borneo Samarinda untuk mengamati langsung peran instruktur dalam proses pembelajaran kursus mengemudi. Selanjutnya subjek dari dokumentasi pada penelitian ini berbentuk tulisan dan foto yang di dapat pada saat observasi berlangsun. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriftif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan teknik analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan pengumpulan data, reduksi data, display data dan menarik kesimpulan. Peran instruktur sebagai Informator, Fasilitator, Motivator dan Evaluator. Pada proses pembelajaran yang mana langsung diikuti oleh peserta kursus dan didampingi oleh instruktur agar optimal dalam mengikuti pelatihan mengemudi. Kegiatan kursus mengemudi yang didukung oleh fasilitas yang memadai sebagai penunjang keberhasilan tujuan yang ditetapkan sebelumny

Keruntuhan Progresif Gedung Struktur Beraturan dan Tidak Beraturan

This research aimed to examine the progressive collapse of regular and irregular structural building. This research conducted by analyzing the structural elements that were first destroyed due to addition of gravity load and lateral load of the earthquake. This analysis conducted by removing one or more critical columns with General Services Administration (GSA) guide. Examination of structural strength using finite element software based Demand Capacity Ratio (DCR) value. The regular structure will have progressive collapse if the DCR>2 and irregular structure will have progressive collapse if the DCR>1,5. Progressive collapse occurs when removal of five critical columns on the side of the regular structure, with the largest of DCR value is 4,665. In irregular structure, progressive collapse occurs when removal of four critical columns in middle of horizontal side of structure with the largest of DCR value is 3,44375. The analysis results show progressive collapse did not occurs when removal of single column from GSA guide. Progressive collapse only occurs after removal of some critical columns in pushover analysis results. This show that the structure is still capable to carrying the load when remove single column, but the structure is unable to carrying the load when some critical column were removed. Based on the deformation, the regular and irregular structures analyzed have progressive collapse of domino type. The value of robustness indicator is almost equal one, that indicated the load distribution is normal despite of the damage structure

Adsorption Ofnickel II From Aqueous Solution Onto Nanocomposite Iron Oxide-activated Carbon

Absorption of Ni metal has been carried out by a nanocomposite iron oxide-activated carbon with batch system. Research was conducted in order to improve the efficiency of absorption of Ni metal, that is by making composites Fe3O4 with activated carbon. Activated carbon was chosen because the active carbon has pores that are verymuch. Hence has the surface area is large, and it is easy to obtain. The parameters studied were the effectiveness of nanocomposite adsorption of Ni, with respect to the comparison between the oxides of iron with active carbon in the nanocomposite and the amount of adsorbent Ni in solution. Experiments were conducted with 90 minutes contact time at pH optimum absorption of 6.0 and concentration of Ni+2 in the feed solution of 100 mg/L. The experimental results showed that the optimum condition is achieved on iron oxide weight ratio of active carbon 1:2 with 150 mg adsorbent weight, Ni is absorbed at 78%. In other word, the Fe3O4- activated carbon composite increased the absorption capasity of Fe3O4 to the metals Ni from 18.50 mg / g to 50.76 mg / g

Implikasi Hermeneutika Dalam Reinterpretasi Teks-teks Hukum Islam

: The Contribution of Hermeneutics in re-Interpreting Islamic Legal Texts. This article examines the contribution of Hermeneutics in reinterpreting the Islamic legal texts. Hermeunetcs enters the treasures of Islamic law through active dialogs between Muslim and Western scholars, and later It becomes an integral part of the of religious discourse in understanding religious texts critically. Among a number of Muslim exponents actively offering new models of interpretation are Sayhrur and Abu Zaid. Shahrur, with the his boundary limit theory, and Abu Zaid, with his significance of intelectual meaning theory, have inspired Muslims to initiate the reform movement of thought as a critical response to the discourse of Islamic law. In the model of this new legal interpretation, hermeneutics becomes an alternative method when the traditional interpretation of Islamic legal thought fails to understand contemporary reality through the interpretation of legal texts