Accuracy of vertical velocity determination

Typical wind spectra taken at Poker Flat, Alaska, using the vertically oriented antenna show velocities of 10's of cm to meters per second and spectral widths winds of 0.5 to 1 m/s. The potential errors in such measurements can be broken down into three categories: (1) those due to instrumental parameters and data processing, (2) those due to specular returns from non-horizontal surfaces, and (3) those due to other physical effects. Error analysis in vertical velocity measurement is further discussed

Parameterization of spectrum

Many radars used for wind sounding generate Doppler power spectra as output. For compact data archiving purposes, as well as for data analysis, several parameters were produced to characterize each spectrum. The parameters chosen were noise level, echo signal strength, velocity, and width. Because the derived parameters may be the only quantities available for future analysis, it was important that they did not contain biases imposed by the derivation techniques. This consideration led to a processing scheme in which the parameters were derived independently for each spectrum

Use of the Sun to determine pointing of ST radar beams

Verification of the beam pointing direction for ST (stratosphere troposphere) radars is a technically difficult problem. Consequently it is not usually done. For measurement of horizontal wind, the lack of precise knowledge of the beam pointing direction is usually of little consequence as any errors cause only a small uncertainty in the measured velocity. However, instantaneous vertical velocities are typically more than an order of magnitude less than horizontal velocities and average vertical velocities are more than two orders of magnitude less than average horizontal velocities. Hence small pointing errors for vertical beams can result in large errors due to contamination by horizontal winds. Experimental confirmation of pointing accuracy using the measured winds is difficult but has been achieved where horizontal and vertical winds are measured at the same site. Using the techniques described by Balsley and Riddle, 1984 and Riddle and Balsley, 1985, pointing accuracy was measured at Ponape, Federated States of Micronesia. The experiment is described in detail

Letter from A. Riddle & Elizabeth Riddle to James B. Finley

Mr. and Mrs. Riddle write to let Finley know what is happening with the Cincinnati churches with regard to the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. Members from several MEC churches have withdrawn to form the Vine Street society under Rev. Sehon and Rev. Maley, with the hope of becoming part of the southern church -- 50 from Wesley Chapel, 15 from Morris Chapel, 12 from Asbury, 6 from 9th St. charge, and 3 from Ebenezer. Thankfully, there have been no withdrawals from the Bethel congregation, currently well served by Rev. White. Riddle states that the Vine Street congregation will not be received into the MECS because it can\u27t be done without violating the whole Plan. He does not believe the society will last long. [Note: The Vine Street society did vote to go with the MECS, becoming Soule Chapel in the Covington District of the Kentucky MECS Conference. In 1846, E.W. Sehon and Samuel E.Latta are listed as the appointed pastors.]. Abstract Number - 811https://digitalcommons.owu.edu/finley-letters/2315/thumbnail.jp

On Systematic Design of Protectors for Employing OTS Items

Off-the-shelf (OTS) components are increasingly used in application areas with stringent dependability requirements. Component wrapping is a well known structuring technique used in many areas. We propose a general approach to developing protective wrappers that assist in integrating OTS items with a focus on the overall system dependability. The wrappers are viewed as redundant software used to detect errors or suspicious activity and to execute appropriate recovery when possible; wrapper development is considered as a part of system integration activities. Wrappers are to be rigorously specified and executed at run time as a means of protecting OTS items against faults in the rest of the system, and the system against the OTS item's faults. Possible symptoms of erroneous behaviour to be detected by a protective wrapper and possible actions to be undertaken in response are listed and discussed. The information required for wrapper development is provided by traceability analysis. Possible approaches to implementing “protectors” in the standard current component technologies are briefly outline

Archival of Poker Flat MST radar data

The Poker Flat MST (mesosphere stratosphere troposphere) radar has operated from early 1979 to 1985. The data recorded during that time resides on some 1100 magnetic tapes. A second set containing only the derived parameters of velocity, width and signal to noise of the primary echo at each height, plus the noise spectra, occupies another 250 tapes. While processing to generate the compressed data set does correct some known errors, no attempt has been made to identify or remove spurious echoes. Because the Poker Flat data set is such a unique and valuable resource, a proposal is made to archive the data in forms more useful for analysis. The archived data set would contain only the parameters for significant echoes with contamination from airplanes, unwanted ionospheric returns, frequently aliased Doppler signals and other sources removed. The archived set should be as good or better than the example shown and may occupy only 25 to 50 tapes

Respiratory Physiology of the Scorpion Paruroctonus Aquilonalis

The scorpion Paruroctonus aquilonalis (Stahnke) was studied to better understand the influence that six potentially important factors (size, sex, temperature, nutrition, season, and humidity) have on its respiratory metabolism. Respiratory rate: temperature relations of oxygen consumption from 5°C to 36°C, and standard metabolism estimates at 20°C and 25°C were employed. Respirometry was performed on both freshly collected mature and immature scorpions and on laboratory-maintained animals. Inverse weight: metabolism relationships were noted for males and females above 24°C, but below 24°C live weight did not influence metabolic rate among females. For mature males positive weight: metabolism patterns were found below 24 ° C due to seasonally elevated levels of oxygen consumption. Respiratory temperature coefficient (Q10) values were found to vary with live weight, demonstrating a general trend of lower Q10 with larger size. Prolonged starvation of adult females lowered the slope of metabolic rate: temperature (R:T) curves, and also depressed standard metabolic rates at 20°C. These changes were considered as highly adaptive means of conserving energy during starvation periods. R:T curves for scorpions previously exposed for about 2 weeks to either 10°C or 24°C differed significantly at most test temperatures. These changes, however, were probably complicated by starvation effects, so that evidence for thermal acclimation through changes in R:T curves was inconclusive. Seasonal changes in R:T curves were found for mature females, although the adaptive significance of these changes remained unclear. For adult males collected in August, depression of standard metabolism at 20 ° C was tentatively correlated with natural starvation resulting from high locomotor activity and inadequate nutrition. Respiratory quotient (RQ) did not change with starvation for females but did increase significantly for freshly collected mature males following laboratory feeding. Measured RQs indicated a predominant utilization of lipid as a substrate in respiration. Oxygen consumption at 25°C under 10% and 80% relative humidity (rh) did not differ significantly for either freshly collected or laboratory starved adult males. For severely desiccated scorpions, metabolic rates were extremely high and variable at 10% rh, but decreased substantially following exposure to 80% rh

An Examination of Demographic Characteristics of Elementary School Principals and Student Achievement Scores

The purpose of this study was to consider the specific demographic characteristics of elementary school principals in conjunction with the academic achievement of students in an attempt to identify characteristics that might assist in the identification of effective principals. The characteristics tested were the principal\u27s age, sex, race, tenure in the current position, total experience as a principal, level of previous teaching experience, and level of education. During and following the review of the literature, a list of characteristics was compiled and refined and a survey instrument constructed. The survey was sent to 255 randomly selected elementary school principals in North Carolina. A total of 222 responses were received. For each responding principal, third and sixth grade student achievement scores were obtained from the Department of Research, North Carolina Department of Public Instruction. These scores were the result of the spring 1986 administration of the California Achievement Test in the North Carolina Annual Testing Program. The scores were grouped according to the characteristic being studied and compared for significant differences using one-way analysis of variance or t tests. Grade-wide significant differences were found only in third grade scores when compared by the principal\u27s race and sixth grade scores when compared by the principal\u27s tenure in the current position. Significant differences were found for some student sex/race group scores when compared by the teaching experience, race, and the sex of the principal

Letter from A. Riddle to James B. Finley

Riddle has returned from a trip to the North and East after an absence of over three weeks. He concludes that there is no place like my own happy country. He will not be attending the Ohio Conference and has two items to share with Finley prior to the Conference. First, the Ohio Conference Visitors and North Ohio Conference Visitors have agreed to raise $1,500 for Ohio Wesleyan University. Second, Rev. John Miley has been elected to be Professor of Mathematics & Languages at the Wesleyan Female College in Cincinnati. Riddle feels that this position is of the utmost importance and hopes that the Conference will confirm the professorship as Miley\u27s appointment. Abstract Number - 397https://digitalcommons.owu.edu/finley-letters/1595/thumbnail.jp