Board Structure and Price Informativeness

We develop and test the hypothesis that private information incorporated into stock prices affects the structure of corporate boards. Stock price informativeness may be a complement to board monitoring, because the information revealed by prices can be used by directors to monitor management. But price informativeness may also be a substitute for board monitoring, because more informative prices can trigger external monitoring mechanisms, such as takeovers. We find robust evidence for the substitution effect: Stock price informativeness, as measured by the probability of informed trading (PIN), is negatively related to board independence. Consistent with the model's predictions, this relationship is particularly strong for firms exposed to external governance mechanisms and internal governance mechanisms, and firms for which firm-specific knowledge is relatively unimportant. We address endogeneity concerns in a number of different ways and conclude that our results are unlikely to be driven by omitted variables or reverse causality. The results are also robust to using different measures of price informativeness and different proxies for board monitoringCorporate boards, Independent directors, Price informativeness

Improving Internal Reliability of a Trauma-Informed Care Program Evaluation Instrument

The project has analyzed the recent changes to the trauma-informed care (TIC) curriculum evaluation instrument by assessing the changes in Cronbach’s Alpha scores and effect significance. Data was collected from pre-training and post-training surveys completed at the time of delivery of the TIC curriculum training. Participants included hospital staff and medical or nursing students at Nebraska Medicine, University of Nebraska Medicine Center, and Health Creighton University Medical Center. The three research questions are (1) Did the item edits change item subgroupings? (2) Did the item edits increase instrument reliability? (3) Did the item edits impact statistical significance? 3 subscales, working with trauma, confidence, and knowledge, were identified in factor analysis. The Cronbach alpha scores were 0.783, 0.843, and 0.701, respectively. These scores indicate acceptable internal reliability among subscale items and are an improvement from the reliability estimates of the previous instrument. A paired sample t-test was used to analyze significant differences between the pre and post-surveys. Participants reported feeling more confident understanding, recognizing, and treating patients with trauma (p\u3c0.001). Participants also reported having a better understanding of trauma-informed care (TIC), the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) study, and the long-term neurobiological impact of trauma (p\u3c0.001)

A note on how to sell a network good

I consider a monopolist in an industry with positive network externalities. The firm can screen heterogeneous consumers by offering multiple products. Screening captures a greater share of consumer surplus but also segregates consumers into multiple products, thereby lowering the total network surplus. Thus, screening is socially inefficient. I show screening is never profit maximizing: the monopolist offers a single product, but at an excessive price. Thus, excessive consumer segregation is unlikely to occur in industries such as online multiplayer games, financial exchanges and messaging software

Metodologia científica: cultivo in vitro de unha-de-gato.

O uso da unha-de-gato como produto comercial (fitoterápico) apresenta algumas dificuldades, entre elas a falta de homogeneidade na constituição química das plantas comercializadas. Esse problema ocorre pelo fato da matéria-prima ser proveniente de áreas naturais sem nenhum controle de qualidade. Nesse sentido, a tecnologia de clonagem in vitro, apoiada por um trabalho de seleção de características desejáveis, poderá contribuir para a obtenção de plantas com maior homogeneidade e de qualidade garantida.bitstream/item/99059/1/24058.PD

Thin film-based sensors

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Eye-movements reveal semantic interference effects during the encoding of naturalistic scenes in long-term memory

Similarity-based semantic interference (SI) hinders memory recognition. Within long-term visual memory paradigms, the more scenes (or objects) from the same semantic category are viewed, the harder it is to recognize each individual instance. A growing body of evidence shows that overt attention is intimately linked to memory. However, it is yet to be understood whether SI mediates overt attention during scene encoding, and so explain its detrimental impact on recognition memory. In the current experiment, participants watched 372 photographs belonging to different semantic categories (e.g., a kitchen) with different frequency (4, 20, 40 or 60 images), while being eye-tracked. After 10 minutes, they were presented with the same 372 photographs plus 372 new photographs and asked whether they recognized (or not) each photo (i.e., old/new paradigm). We found that the more the SI, the poorer the recognition performance, especially for old scenes of which memory representations existed. Scenes more widely explored were better recognized, but for increasing SI, participants focused on more local regions of the scene in search for its potentially distinctive details. Attending to the centre of the display, or to scene regions rich in low-level saliency was detrimental to recognition accuracy, and as SI increased participants were more likely to rely on visual saliency. The complexity of maintaining faithful memory representations for increasing SI also manifested in longer fixation durations; in fact, a more successful encoding was also associated with shorter fixations. Our study highlights the interdependence between attention and memory during high-level processing of semantic information

On a theorem due to Murray

In this paper, we introduce the notions of $\alpha$-quasicomplemented and totally $\alpha$-quasicomplemented subspaces and we established some results under these contexts. We show, for example, that if $X$ is a separable or reflexive Banach space and $Y$ is a closed infinite codimensional subspace of $X$, then $Y$ is totally$\mathit{\ }\alpha$-quasicomplemented if, and only if, $\alpha<\aleph_{0}$ $\left( \text{this is an analogue of the theorem of Murray-Mackey and Lindenstrauss}\right)$. We also show that if $H$ is a Hilbert space and $Y,W\subset H$ are closed subspaces of $H$ such that $W$ is orthogonal to $Y$ and $\operatorname{codim}\left( Y+W\right) =\infty$, then $Y$ has a quasicomplement $Z$ containing $W$ with $\dim Z/W=\infty$. Other results in the different contexts are also included. Such results establish a connection between the theory of quasicomplemented subspaces and $\left( \alpha,\beta\right)$-spaceability