Anti-inflammatory Activity of Matricaria recutita L. against Acute and Chronic Inflammatory Models

Chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) is most popular used medicinal plant and extensively consumed as a tea and food. We investigated the effects of Matricaria recutita L. (MR) in acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. The anti-inflammatory activity of Matricaria recutita was studied against carrageenan induced hind paw, arachidonic acid, acetic acid and complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis in rats. The methanol extract of Matricaria recutita was administered at the dose of 100, 200 and 300  mg/kg body weight. In CFA-induced model ESR, vascular permeability, histamine release from blood and biochemical parameters were carried out. Chamomile methanol extract showed dose dependent significant   (P<0.001) anti-inflammatory activity by inhibition of rat paw oedema  against carrageenan and arachidonic acid and inhibition of writhing induced by acetic acid. The significant anti-arthritic activity was observed with  administration of Chamomile extract in the Freund’s adjuvant induced model of arthritis. Chronic treatment of extract of Chamomile showed  significant decrease the development of arthritis and reduced ESR  observed. It also reduced the histamine release from blood and vascular permeability at joint. The methanol extract of Matricaria recutita possess potential anti-inflammatory activity against acute and chronic inflammatory model

Anti-osteoporotic activity of ethanol extract of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. on ovariectomized rats

Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arn., a widely growing plant in India, possesses different medicinal properties and its bark is well known for their bone remineralization properties. The objective of present study was to evaluate anti-osteoporotic activity of ethanol extract of T. arjuna (EET) on ovariectomized female Sprague Dawley model rats, divided into six groups. Sham operated control group received vehicle, standard group received estrogen (0.0563 mg/kg) and the remaining ovariectomized groups were orally administered with EET at 100, 300 and 500 mg/kg body weight, respectively for 42 days. The findings were assessed by uterine weight, bone loss determined by CT-scanning of femur, ash content, biomechanical, biochemical and histopathological parameters. Ethanol extract showed significant increase in uterine weight and femoral bone length, weight, density and significant increase of ash weight, ash percentage, ash calcium and hardness in lumbar vertebrae as compared to control group. EET treated groups also showed significant decrease level of creatinine, calcium and phosphorus (p<0.01 to p<0.001) as compared to control group. Histopathological studies further supported protective effect of the extract. These findings suggest a potential protective role of EET against estrogen deficient osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats

<span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-GB">Anti-osteoporotic activity of ethanol extract of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Terminalia arjuna</i> (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. on ovariectomized rats</span>

98-105Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arn., a widely growing plant in India, possesses different medicinal properties and its bark is well known for their bone remineralization properties. The objective of present study was to evaluate anti-osteoporotic activity of ethanol extract of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">T. arjuna (EET) on ovariectomized female Sprague Dawley model rats, divided into six groups. Sham operated control group received vehicle, standard group received estrogen (0.0563 mg/kg) and the remaining ovariectomized groups were orally administered with EET at 100, 300 and 500 mg/kg body weight, respectively for 42 days. The findings were assessed by uterine weight, bone loss determined by CT-scanning of femur, ash content, biomechanical, biochemical and histopathological parameters. <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">Ethanol extract showed significant increase in uterine weight and femoral bone length, weight, density and significant increase of ash weight, ash percentage, ash calcium and hardness in lumbar vertebrae as compared to control group. EET treated groups also showed significant decrease level of creatinine, calcium and phosphorus (p<0.01 to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">p<0.001) as compared to control group. Histopathological studies further supported protective effect of the extract. These findings suggest a potential protective role of EET against estrogen deficient osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. </span

Anti-arthritic activity of Indigofera tinctoria L on adjuvant induced arthritis

Indigofera tinctoria L has long been traditionally employed for various diseases, including pain and inflammation. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the potential anti-arthritic activity of Indigofera tinctoria L. The antiarthritic activity for petroleum ether and ethanol extracts (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg) of Indigofera tinctoria L was carried out by inducing Freunds Complete Adjuvant (FCA) at the tibiotorsal joint. Behavioral changes, vascular permeability, histamine, hematological parameters, ESR, evaluation of development of arthritis, biochemical parameters, and Interleukin (IL) were estimated. In vitro proliferation of Spleen cells (MTT assay), Radiographic analysis and histopathological assessments were carried out. The petroleum ether and ethanol extracts of Indigofera tinctoria L leaf showed anti-arthritic activity, by significant changes in the behavioral activity, decreased vascular permeability, histamine level, IL and TNF, proliferation of spleenocytes dose-dependently. Similarly the significant increased SOD, GSH and reduced level of lipid peroxidation and decreased ESR, WBC’s and lymphocytes were observed. The soft tissue swelling and bone resorption were also reduced. The infiltration of leucocytes and loss of articular cartilage was significantly reduced in groups treated with the extracts. The petroleum ether and ethanol extracts of Indigofera tinctoria L showed the potent anti-arthritic activity on FCA induced arthritis in rats.Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis, Freunds Complete Adjuvant, Indigofera tinctoria L ,Tumor necrosis factor, Carrageeni

Haplogroup diversity in the Indian population using 23 Y-STRs

Background A Y-STR polymorphism study is a convenient tool in molecular anthropology and forensic DNA analysis. Aim Through standard ethical procedures, the proposed study explored the genetic scenario in male lineage in Madhya Pradesh, a central Indian state, by Y-STR genotyping and haplogroup studies. Subjects and methods Five hundred and eleven unrelated male blood samples were directly amplified, and fragment separation was done using capillary electrophoresis to generate a Y-STR profile for 23 forensic relevant markers through PowerPlex® Y 23 multiplex system. The different statistical methods were applied for studying the forensic and genetics parameters. Subsequently, population comparison was performed by AMOVA, PCoA, and MDS plot, and Haplogroups were predicted with Whit Athey's haplogroup predictor tool. Conclusion These data represented the potential value of the PowerPlex® Y-23 multiplex system for the forensic and human genetics application in the population of Madhya Pradesh, India. Simultaneously the Haplogroup analysis revealed information about the multi-geographic origin as well as multi-ethnic genetic affinities of the Madhya Pradesh population