Informal talk: Shaping understandings of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in rural Australia

Introduction: Although there have been great strides in the prevention, care and treatment of sexually transmitted infections (STIs, including HIV) in Australia, the increasing trend towards higher rates of some STIs is of concern, especially reports of higher rates of chlamydia in inner regional areas. Reasons for these changes are unclear but suggest there is an inconsistent use of prevention measures and ambivalence towards acting responsibly around sexual behaviours. Understanding an individual's response to the circumstances or contexts in which knowledge about STIs are operationalised in rural communities becomes central to recognising how individuals experience health and illness, especially for developing interventions to prevent the transmission of STIs. The aim of this research is to understand how individuals in rural communities make sense of their experiences in relation to STIs and how rurality influences discussion about STIs and health-seeking behaviours. Method: In-depth interviews with 24 participants, 18 females and 6 males, aged between 19 and 65 years provide the data for the study. Methodological principles of 'grounded theory' underpin the analysis. An eclectic approach to grounded theory was used in the current study that was derived from a number of authors. Results: The findings revealed that a number of contexts shape the actions and reactions of rural individuals towards STIs. These include 'public and private world of individuals', 'forms of talking in rural communities' and 'managing information and use of health services'. Factors that shape social life in rural communities such as the social bonds that are present, the relationships developed, and the way in which people behave influence the public and private aspects of rural life. Different forms of talk were identified that indicate that sexual issues are discussed in a number of informal ways and encompass distinct experiences of conveying information with regard to sex and STIs. Managing information and use of health services occurs when individuals assess and identify the need to access services for STIs. Conclusions: The strength of this research lies in the identification of a number of contexts such as the privat-epublic divide and types of talk where informal mechanisms encourage individuals to conform and comply with community rules and values. Using informal talk as a health promotion and or prevention strategy in rural locations can provide an alternative approach to potentially changing social norms. It would be possible to extend the idea of positive informal talk to include symbols and imagery that encourage individuals to seek treatment and provide a more positive view of 'reputation'. Engaging rural individuals in positive talk about sexual risk, access to treatment for STIs, and provision of accurate knowledge can help to build new 'social norms' that encourage new interpretations

Assessment the Knowledge of the New Trends in Obesity Treatment among Female Students of Applied Medical Sciences in Umm Al-Qura University-Makkah

Obesity is associated with numerous diseases and metabolic abnormalities. Treatment should begin with lifestyle changes that focus on behavioral modification, diet, and exercise. When lifestyle modification schemes are unsuccessful, drug therapy is an attractive option. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates dietary supplements, including those promoted for weight loss. Weight-loss supplements differ from over-the-counter or prescription medications in that the FDA does not classify them as drugs. In this study we Assess the knowledge and beliefs of students in Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences about new methods used for weight reduction.  The present study was conducted on 70 interviewed of students. Specific questionnaire was used to collect data about methods used for weight control. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS software version 19. The obtained data showed that student’s preferred physical activity and diet they have awareness about detox water but little awareness about Conjugated linoleic acid  and blood group diet.  The present study suggested that Healthcare professionals must make efforts to educate themselves and public about new methods used for weight control. Keywords: Obesity, blood group diet, detoxes water and Conjugated linoleic acid

Minimal Retraction of Space-time and Their Foldings

The deformation retract of space-time onto itself and into a geodesics will be achieved. The concept of retraction and folding of zero dimension space-time will be obtained.The relation between limit of folding and retraction presented

Synthesis & Ion-exchange Properties of Niobium Selenite: Separation of La-Th, Th-Cu, Pb-Cd, Zn-Pb & La-Ce

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Syntheses of heterocyclic derivatives as potential cytotoxic compounds evaluated toward hepatocellular and cervical carcinoma cell lines

ABSTRACT. Through the present work the 3-oxo-N,3-diphenylpropamide derivatives 5a,b were used to synthesize pridine, pyrazole and thiophene derivatives. 3-Phenylisoxazol-5(4H)-one produced from the reaction of ethyl benzoylacetate was used as the key starting compound for different multi-component reactions. The synthesized compounds were evaluated toward Hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 and cervical carcinoma HeLa cell lines. Compounds 3b, 5b, 7b, 7d, 9c, 9d, 15e, 15f, 16b, 18b, 18e, 18f, 19e and 19f were the most cytotoxic compounds against the tested cell lines. The results obtained in this work encourage further work in the future to produce new cytotoxic compounds.   KEY WORDS: Diphenylpropamide, 3-Phenylisoxazole, Pyran, Pyridine, Cytotoxicity Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(1), 141-158.                                                              DOI:https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i1.1

Uses of chalcone acetophenone to synthesis heterocyclic compounds with cytotoxic and c-Met kinase activities

ABSTRACT. The aim of present study was the uses of a series of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds (chalcones), in the synthesis of pyridine, pyran, thiophene, thiazole, together with their uses in heterocyclic synthesis. The work has resulted in the synthesis of a variety of 2,5-dihydropyridine, hydrazide-hydrazone, thiophene derivatives, coumarin, pyran and thiazolo[4,5-d]thiazole derivatives. The antitumor activities of the newly synthesized products were carried out against three cancer cell lines namely MCF-7, NCI-H460 and SF-268 and normal human cell line WI38.  In addition, the inhibitions of most of the synthesized compounds against             c-Met kinase were studied and results showed that many compounds were of high inhibitions, and these are considered as promising anticancer agents. The results obtained encouraged further work in the future.    KEY WORDS: Chalcones, Heterocyclic, Pyridine, Pyran, Thiophene, Thiazole, Antitumor Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2022, 36(1), 149-172.                                                             DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i1.13                                                      &nbsp